Ukushuka

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Ingabe i-tan ingaba nempilo?
• Iyini imisebe ye-UV, futhi isithinta kanjani isikhumba?
• Ziyini izingozi zezempilo zokushuka?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuvikela isikhumba sami emisebeni ye-UV?
• Ngabe ukushuka kwasendlini akuphephile yini kunokushuka elangeni?
• Ingabe zikhona izindlela eziphephile zokubheka i-tan?

Isifinyezo

Ingabe i-tan ingaba nempilo?

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukushuka kubanikeza ukukhanya okunempilo. Kepha ukushuka, kungaba ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi ngombhede wokushuka, akukuhle neze. Kukubeka emisebeni eyingozi futhi kukubeka engcupheni yezinkinga zempilo ezifana ne-melanoma neminye imidlavuza yesikhumba.

Iyini imisebe ye-UV, futhi isithinta kanjani isikhumba?

Ukukhanya kwelanga kuhamba emhlabeni njengenhlanganisela yemisebe ebonakalayo nengabonakali. Eminye imisebe ayinabungozi kubantu. Kodwa uhlobo olulodwa, imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV), ingadala izinkinga. Ziyindlela yama-radiation. Imisebe ye-UV iyasiza emzimbeni wakho ukwenza uvithamini D, kepha ukuvezwa okuningi konakalisa isikhumba sakho. Iningi labantu lingathola uvithamini D oludingayo ngemizuzu emihlanu kuya kwengu-15 kuphela yokushiswa yilanga amahlandla amabili kuya kathathu ngesonto.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemisebe ye-UV. Ezimbili zazo, i-UVA ne-UVB, zingafinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba futhi zithinte isikhumba sakho. Ukusebenzisa umbhede wokushuka futhi kukuvezela i-UVA ne-UVB.

Imisebe ye-UVB ingadala ukushiswa yilanga. Imisebe ye-UVA ingahamba ngokujule kakhulu esikhunjeni kunemisebe ye-UVB. Lapho isikhumba sakho sivezwa ku-UVA, sizama ukuzivikela ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo. Lokhu ikwenza ngokwenza i-melanin eyengeziwe, okuyisikhumba sombala esenza isikhumba sakho sibe mnyama. Yilokho okunikeza isikhumba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushuka kwakho kuwuphawu lokulimala kwesikhumba.

Ziyini izingozi zezempilo zokushuka?

Njengoba ukushuka kusho ukuvezwa ngokweqile emisebeni ye-UV, kungalimaza isikhumba sakho futhi kudale izinkinga zempilo ezifana

• Ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesikhumba, okungadala ukuthi isikhumba sakho sijiye, sibe yisikhumba futhi sishwabane. Ungase futhi ube namabala amnyama esikhunjeni sakho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisebeni ye-UV kwenza isikhumba sakho sinwebe kancane. Uma uthola ukukhanya kwelanga ngokwengeziwe, isikhumba sakho siqala ubudala.
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba, kufaka phakathi i-melanoma. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba ukukhanya kwe-UV kulimaza i-DNA yamaseli akho esikhumba futhi kuphazamise amandla omzimba wakho wokulwa nomdlavuza.
• I-Actinic keratosis, isiqeshana esikhuni, esinamafutha esikhumba esivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezivezwe yilanga, njengasebusweni, ekhanda, emuva kwezandla, noma esifubeni. Kungagcina sekuba nomdlavuza.
• Ukulimala kweso, kufaka phakathi i-cataract ne-photokeratitis (ukungaboni kweqhwa)
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, okungakhuphula ukuzwela kwakho elangeni, kunciphise imiphumela yemithi yokugoma, futhi kukwenze ube nokusabela emithini ethile.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuvikela isikhumba sami emisebeni ye-UV?

• Nciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Zama ukuphuma elangeni phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama, lapho imisebe yalo inamandla kakhulu. Kepha khumbula ukuthi usathola ukukhanya kwelanga lapho ungaphandle ngezinsuku ezinamafu noma usesithunzini.
• Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga ne-sun factor factor (SPF) engu-15 noma ngaphezulu. Kufanele futhi ibe yisikrini selanga esibanzi, okusho ukuthi sikunikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-UVA ne-UVB. Uma unesikhumba esikhanyayo kakhulu, sebenzisa i-SPF 30 noma ngaphezulu. Faka i-sunscreen imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle bese uyifaka futhi okungenani njalo emahoreni amabili.
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga evimba yomibili imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB. Izibuko zelanga ezisongelwa zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngoba zivimba imisebe ye-UV ekungeneni ngokungena ohlangothini.
• Thwala isigqoko. Ungathola isivikelo esihle kakhulu ngesigqoko esinomphetho obanzi esenziwe ngendwangu eboshwe ngokuqinile, njengendwangu.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela njengamahembe enemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade neziketi. Izingubo ezenziwe ngendwangu eboshwe ngokuqinile zinikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola isikhumba sakho kanye ngenyanga. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izindawo ezintsha noma eziguqukayo noma ama-moles, hamba uyobonana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ngabe ukushuka kwasendlini akuphephile yini kunokushuka elangeni?

Ukushuka endlini akukhona okungcono kunokushuka elangeni; futhi ikuvezela imisebe ye-UV futhi ilimaze isikhumba sakho. Imibhede yokushuka isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-UVA, ngakho-ke ikuvezela endaweni ephakeme yemisebe ye-UVA kunalokho ongakuthola ngokushuka elangeni. Amalambu okushuka abuye aveze eminye imisebe ye-UVB.

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukuthola i- "base tan" esaluni yokushuka kungakuvikela lapho uya elangeni. Kodwa i- "base tan" idala umonakalo esikhunjeni sakho futhi ngeke ikuvimbe ekushisweni yilanga lapho uphumela ngaphandle.

Ukushuka endlini kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha. Unobungozi obukhulu be-melanoma uma uqala ukwenza ukushuka kwangaphakathi ngenkathi usemusha noma umuntu omdala osemusha.

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukushuka njalo kungaba umlutha. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ngoba lapho uvame kakhulu ukushuka, wenza umonakalo omkhulu esikhunjeni sakho.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela eziphephile zokubheka i-tan?

Kunezinye izindlela zokubheka i-tan, kepha akuphephile konke:

• Amaphilisi okushuka ube nesengezo sombala esiguqula isikhumba sakho sibe olintshi ngemuva kokukuthatha. Kepha zingaba yingozi futhi azivunyelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
• Abashuki abangenalanga awunayo ingozi eyaziwayo yomdlavuza wesikhumba, kepha kufanele uqaphele. Amathani amaningi wokufafaza, ama-lotion, nama-gel asebenzisa i-DHA, isithasiselo sombala esenza isikhumba sakho sibukeke sisho. I-DHA ibhekwa njengephephile ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle komzimba wakho yi-FDA. Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayingeni emakhaleni akho, emehlweni, noma emlonyeni. Uma usebenzisa i-spray tan, qaphela ukuthi ungaphefumuli kwisifutho. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi la "mathani" awakuvikele emisebeni ye-UV lapho uphumela ngaphandle.