Ingane yomama onesifo sikashukela

Umbungu (umntwana) womama onesifo sikashukela angavezwa amazinga aphezulu kashukela (ushukela), kanye namazinga aphezulu ezinye izakhamzimba, kukho konke ukukhulelwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:

• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa - ushukela wegazi ophakeme (isifo sikashukela) oqala noma otholwa okokuqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Isifo sikashukela esivele sikhona noma esivele ngaphambi kokukhulelwa - esivele sinesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa

Uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingane ivezwa amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Lokhu kungathinta ingane nomama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, nangemva kokuzalwa.

Izinsana zomama abanesifo sikashukela (i-IDM) zihlala zikhulu kunezinye izingane, ikakhulukazi uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa kahle. Lokhu kungenza ukuzala kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kube nzima futhi kungakhuphula ubungozi bokulimala kwemizwa nokunye ukuhlukumezeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Futhi, ukuzalwa kokuhlinzwa kunamathuba amaningi.

I-IDM inamathuba amaningi okuba nezikhathi zoshukela wegazi ophansi (i-hypoglycemia) ngemuva nje kokuzalwa, nangezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingane isetshenziselwe ukuthola ushukela omningi kunokudingeka kunina. Banesilinganiso se-insulin esiphakeme kunesidingekayo ngemuva kokuzalwa. I-insulini yehlisa ushukela wegazi. Kungathatha izinsuku ukuthi amazinga ezingane ze-insulin azilungise ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Ama-IDMs kungenzeka ukuthi abe:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yamaphaphu angavuthiwe
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli abomvu aphezulu (i-polycythemia)
• Izinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin (i-jaundice esanda kuzalwa)
• Ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo phakathi kwamagumbi amakhulu (ama-ventricles)

Uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa kahle, amathuba okuphuphunyelwa yisisu noma ingane ezelwe isezingeni eliphakeme.

I-IDM inobungozi obukhulu bokukhubazeka kokuzalwa uma umama enesifo sikashukela esivele sikhona esingalawulwa kahle kusuka ekuqaleni.

Usana luvamise ukuba lukhulu kunokujwayelekile ezinganeni ezizalwe ngemuva kwesikhathi esifanayo esibelethweni sikanina (sikhulu ngeminyaka yokukhulelwa). Kwezinye izimo, ingane ingaba ncane (incane ngeminyaka yokukhulelwa).

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Umbala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuphefumula okusheshayo (izimpawu zamaphaphu angavuthi noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo)
• Ukumunca abampofu, ukukhathala, ukukhala okubuthakathaka
• Ukuquleka (uphawu lukashukela wegazi ophansi)
• Ukudla okungafanele
• Ubuso obukhukhumele
• Ukuthuthumela noma ukuqhaqhazela ngemuva nje kokuzalwa
• I-jaundice (umbala wesikhumba ophuzi)

Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe:

• I-Ultrasound yenziwa kumama ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule zokukhulelwa ukuqapha ubukhulu bengane ngokuhlobene nokuvulwa komsele wokuzalwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuvuthwa kwamaphaphu kungenziwa ku-amniotic fluid. Lokhu akuvamile ukwenziwa kepha kungasiza uma usuku olubekiwe belunganqunywa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane:

• Ushukela wegazi wengane uzohlolwa kungakapheli ihora lokuqala noma amabili ngemuva kokuzalwa, bese uhlolisiswa njalo kuze kube kujwayelekile. Lokhu kungathatha usuku noma ezimbili, noma ngisho nangaphezulu.
• Ingane izobhekelwa izimpawu zenkinga ngenhliziyo noma ngamaphaphu.
• I-bilirubin yengane izohlolwa ngaphambi kokuya ekhaya ivela esibhedlela, futhi ngokushesha uma kunezimpawu ze-jaundice.
• I-echocardiogram ingenziwa ukubheka ubukhulu benhliziyo yengane.

Zonke izingane ezizalwa ngomama abanesifo sikashukela kufanele zihlolelwe ushukela ophansi wegazi, noma ngabe zingenazo izimpawu.

Kwenziwa imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ine-glucose eyanele egazini:

• Ukondla ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kungavimbela ushukela wegazi ophansi ezimweni eziphansi. Noma ngabe uhlelo luzoncelisa ingane, ingane ingadinga ifomula ethile phakathi namahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangama-24 okuqala uma ushukela wegazi uphansi.
• Izibhedlela eziningi manje sezinika ijeli le-dextrose (ushukela) ngaphakathi kwesihlathi sengane esikhundleni sokunikeza ubisi lwebhodlela uma lungekho ubisi lukamama olwanele.
• Ushukela wegazi ophansi ongathuthuki ngokudla uphathwa ngoketshezi oluqukethe ushukela (ushukela) namanzi anikezwe ngomthambo (IV).
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma ingane idinga ushukela omningi, uketshezi oluqukethe i-glucose kufanele lunikezwe ngomthambo we-umbilical (inkinobho yesisu) izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Imvamisa, usana lungadinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula noma imithi yokwelapha eminye imiphumela yesifo sikashukela. Izinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin liphathwa nge-light therapy (i-phototherapy).

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zosana zihamba kungakapheli amahora, izinsuku, noma amasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, inhliziyo ekhulisiwe ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthi ibe ngcono.

Kuyaqabukela kakhulu, ushukela wegazi ungaba phansi kakhulu ukuze ubangele ukulimala kobuchopho.

Ingozi yokubeletha ishonile iphezulu kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle. Kukhona ingozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga eziningi zokuzalwa noma izinkinga:

• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa.
• Izinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia).
• Amaphaphu angavuthiwe.
• Neonatal polycythemia (amaseli abomvu amaningi kunokujwayelekile). Lokhu kungadala ukuvimba emithanjeni yegazi noma i-hyperbilirubinemia.
• I-colon syndrome encane yesobunxele. Lokhu kudala izimpawu zokuvaleka kwamathumbu.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi uthola ukunakekelwa okuvamile kokubeletha, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuzobonisa ukuthi uba nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi unesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa, shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi ungakutholi ukunakekelwa kokubeletha, shayela umhlinzeki isikhathi sokuqokwa.

Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuvimbela izinkinga. Ukulawula ushukela wegazi kungavimbela izinkinga eziningi.

Ukuqapha ngokucophelela usana emahoreni nasezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa kungavimbela izinkinga zempilo ngenxa kashukela ophansi wegazi.

I-IDM; Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa - iMicrosoft; Ukunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe - umama onesifo sikashukela

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