Ubuthi bokudla

Ubuthi bokudla benzeka lapho ugwinya ukudla noma amanzi aqukethe amabhaktheriya, izimuncagazi, amagciwane, noma ubuthi obenziwe yila magciwane. Amacala amaningi abangelwa amagciwane ajwayelekile njenge-staphylococcus noma E coli.

Ubuthi bokudla bungathinta umuntu oyedwa noma iqembu labantu bonke abadle ukudla okufanayo. Kuvame kakhulu ngemuva kokudla emapikinikini, ezindaweni zokudlela zasesikoleni, emicimbini emikhulu yezenhlalo, noma ezindaweni zokudlela.

Lapho amagciwane engena ekudleni, kubizwa ngokuthi ukungcola. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukile:

• Inyama noma inkukhu ingahlangana namagciwane avela emathunjini wesilwane esetshenziswayo.
• Amanzi asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhula noma ukuthunyelwa angaqukatha indle yezilwane noma yomuntu.
• Ukudla kungaphathwa ngendlela engaphephile ngenkathi kulungiswa ezitolo zokudla, ezindaweni zokudlela noma emakhaya.

Ubuthi bokudla bungavela ngemuva kokudla noma ukuphuza:

• Noma ikuphi ukudla okulungiselelwe ngumuntu ongazigezi izandla zakhe kahle
• Noma ikuphi ukudla okulungiselelwe kusetshenziswa izitsha zokupheka, amabhodi okusika, namanye amathuluzi angahlanzwa ngokuphelele
• Imikhiqizo yobisi noma ukudla okuqukethe imayonnaise (njenge-coleslaw noma isaladi lamazambane) okuphume esiqandisini isikhathi eside kakhulu
• Ukudla okufriziwe noma okufrijiwe okungagcinwanga ezingeni lokushisa elifanele noma okungafudunyezwa kufudumele okufanele
• Inhlanzi eluhlaza noma ukhwathu
• Izithelo noma imifino eluhlaza engagezwanga kahle
• Imifino eluhlaza noma ujusi wezithelo nemikhiqizo yobisi (bheka igama elithi "pasteurized," okusho ukuthi ukudla kulashelwe ukuvikela ukungcoliswa)
• Inyama noma amaqanda angaphekiwe
• Amanzi avela emthonjeni noma emfudlaneni, noma edolobheni noma edolobheni amanzi angakaze elashwe

Izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane kanye nobuthi kungadala ubuthi bokudla, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Campylobacter enteritis
• Ikholera
• E coli i-enteritis
• Ubuthi ezinhlanzi ezonakele noma ezingcolisiwe noma i-shellfish
• I-Staphylococcus aureus
• Salmonella
• Shigella

Izinsana nabantu asebekhulile basengozini enkulu yokudla ushevu ekudleni. Usengozini enkulu uma:

• Unesimo esibucayi kwezokwelapha, njengesifo sezinso, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, noma i-HIV kanye / noma i-AIDS.
• Unamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.
• Uhambela ngaphandle kwe-United States uye ezindaweni lapho uchayeka khona kumagciwane adala ubuthi bokudla.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele basebenzise ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe ukugwema ukudla okunobuthi.

Izimpawu ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezivame kakhulu zokufaka ushevu ekudleni zivame ukuqala kungakapheli amahora amabili kuya kwayisithupha wokudla ukudla. Leso sikhathi singaba side noma sibe sifushane, kuya ngesizathu sokudla okunoshevu.

Izimpawu ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Amajaqamba esiswini
• Uhudo (lungaba negazi)
• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka (bungaba bukhulu)

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobheka izimpawu zokudla okunobuthi. Lokhu kungafaka ubuhlungu esiswini futhi kusayine ukuthi umzimba wakho unoketshezi oluncane kakhulu (ukoma emzimbeni).

Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ezindlini zakho noma ekudleni okudlile ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwegciwane oludala izimpawu zakho. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo kungenzeka zingatholi njalo imbangela yohudo.

Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda i-sigmoidoscopy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa ithubhu elincane, eliyize elinokukhanya ekugcineni okufakwa endunu bese kuthuthuka kancane kuye ku-rectum ne-sigmoid colon ukufuna umthombo wokopha noma ukutheleleka.

Isikhathi esiningi, uzoba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Umgomo ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi uqiniseke ukuthi umzimba wakho unenani elifanele lamanzi.

Ukuthola uketshezi olwanele nokufunda ukuthi uzodlani kuzokusiza uhlale ukhululekile. Ungadinga uku:

• Phatha isifo sohudo
• Lawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi

Ungaphuza izingxube zomlomo zokubuyisa amanzi ukuze ungene esikhundleni samanzi namaminerali alahlekile ngokuhlanza nokuhuda.

I-Oral rehydration powder ingathengwa ekhemisi. Qinisekisa ukuxuba impuphu emanzini aphephile.

Ungazenzela eyakho ingxube ngokuqothula ½ ithisipuni (tsp) noma u-3 amagremu (g) ​​usawoti kanye no-½ tsp (2.3 amagremu) i-baking soda ne-4 isipuni (tbsp) noma ama-50 amagremu kashukela ezinkomishini ezi-4¼ (1 litre) amanzi.

Uma unesifo sohudo futhi ungakwazi ukuphuza noma ukwehlisa uketshezi, ungadinga uketshezi olunikezwa ngomthambo (nge-IV). Lokhu kungahle kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.

Uma uthatha isisu, cela umhlinzeki wakho uma udinga ukuyeka ukuthatha isisu ngenkathi uhanjiswa yisisu. Ungalokothi ume noma ushintshe imithi ngaphambi kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho.

Ngezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufaka ushevu ekudleni, umhlinzeki wakho NGEKE akunikeze ama-antibiotics.

Ungathenga imithi esitolo sezidakamizwa esisiza ukuhuda kancane.

• UNGAYisebenzisi le mithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma uhudo olunegazi, umkhuhlane noma isifo sohudo sinzima.
• UNGAYINIKI le mithi izingane.

Iningi labantu lilulama ngokuphelele ezinhlotsheni ezivame kakhulu zoshevu wokudla ngaphakathi kwamahora ayi-12 kuye kwangama-48. Ezinye izinhlobo zobuthi bokudla zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukufa okubangelwa ukudla okunobuthi kubantu abaphilile ngenye indlela akuvamile e-United States.

Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni kuyinkinga evame kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yiziphi izimbangela zokudla okunoshevu.

Okungajwayelekile kakhulu, kepha izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zincike kubhaktheriya abangela ubuthi ekudleni. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Isifo samathambo
• Izinkinga zokopha
• Ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukucasuka ezicutshini ezizungeze inhliziyo

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma une:

• Igazi noma ubomvu ezindlini zakho
• Uhudo futhi abakwazi ukuphuza uketshezi ngenxa yesicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101 ° F (38.3 ° C), noma ingane yakho inemfiva engaphezu kuka-100.4 ° F (38 ° C) kanye nohudo
• Izimpawu zokuphela kwamanzi (ukoma, isiyezi, ikhanda elikhanyayo)
• Muva nje ngiye ezweni langaphandle ngathola isifo sohudo
• Isifo sohudo esingazange sibe ngcono ezinsukwini ezi-5 (izinsuku ezimbili enganeni noma enganeni), noma sesibe sibi kakhulu
• Ingane ebilokhu ihlanza ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-12 (enganeni esanda kuzalwa engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu kufanele ushayele ucingo ngokushesha lapho ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo siqala)
• Ubuthi bokudla obuvela kumakhowe (okungenzeka kube yingozi), inhlanzi noma okunye ukudla kwasolwandle, noma i-botulism (nakho okungabulala)

Kunezinyathelo eziningi ezingathathwa ukuvimbela ubuthi ekudleni.

• Sula ukudla oketshezi
• Ukudla okugcwele ketshezi
• Lapho unesicanucanu nokuhlanza

• Ubuthi bokudla
• Amasosha omzimba

Nguyen T, Akhtar S. Gastroenteritis. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 84.

USchiller LR, uSellin JH. Uhudo. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. ISleisenger neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 16.

U-Wong KK, u-Griffin PM. Isifo esibangelwa ukudla. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 101.