Intsha nezidakamizwa

Njengomzali, kungokwemvelo ukukhathazeka ngengane yakho eyeve eshumini nambili. Futhi, njengabazali abaningi, ungesaba ukuthi ingane yakho ingase izame izidakamizwa, noma okubi nakakhulu, incike ezidakamizweni.

Yize ungeke ukwazi ukulawula konke okwenziwa ingane yakho, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusiza ingane yakho ihlale kude nezidakamizwa. Qala ngokufunda konke ongakwenza ngezidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Funda izimpawu zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuze uqaphele. Bese usebenzisa lawa macebiso ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa enganeni yakho.

Okokuqala, funda ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi engasetshenziswa. Intsha esikhulile isethubeni lokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kunentsha esencane. Insangu (imbiza) isavamile. Intsha eyengeziwe isebenzisa imishanguzo kadokotela.

KUNGANI INTSHA IYISEBENZISA IMITHI

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani intsha ingasebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ezinye zezizathu ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Ukulingana. Isimo senhlalo sibaluleke kakhulu entsheni. Ingane yakho ingenza izidakamizwa ngomzamo wokulingana nabangane noma ukujabulisa iqembu elisha lezingane.
• Ukuba nomphakathi. Enye intsha isebenzisa izidakamizwa ngoba yehlisa ukuzibamba kwayo futhi iyenze ikhululeke ngokwenhlalo.
• Ukubhekana nezinguquko empilweni. Ushintsho alulula kunoma ngubani. Enye intsha iphendukela ezidakamizweni ukubhekana nezimo ezinjengokuhamba, ukuqala esikoleni esisha, ukuthomba, noma ukudivosa kwabazali bazo.
• Ukudambisa ubuhlungu nokukhathazeka. Intsha ingasebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubhekana nezinkinga zomndeni, abangane, isikole, impilo yengqondo, noma ukuzethemba.

UKUXOXA NENTSHA YAKHO NGEZIDAKAMIZWA

Akulula, kepha kubalulekile ukukhuluma nengane yakho mayelana nezidakamizwa. Kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwentsha. Nawa amanye amathiphu:

• Ungakwenzi kube "inkulumo enkulu" eyodwa. Esikhundleni salokho, xoxa njalo ngezidakamizwa nengane yakho. Sebenzisa izindaba zezindaba, imibukiso ye-TV, noma ama-movie njengesiqalo sezingxoxo.
• Ungafundisi. Esikhundleni salokho, buza imibuzo evulekile efana nokuthi, "Ucabanga ukuthi kungani lezo zingane zazisebenzisa izidakamizwa?" noma, "Wake wanikezwa izidakamizwa?" Ingane yakho ingaphendula ngendlela enhle uma unengxoxo yangempela.
• Yazisa ingane yakho ukuthi uzizwa kanjani. Kwenze kucace enganeni yakho ukuthi awukuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
• Nikeza ingane yakho isikhathi sokukhuluma nokulalela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Lokhu kuzokhombisa ukuthi uyawukhathalela umbono wengane yakho.
• Chitha isikhathi esithile nsuku zonke ukhuluma ngokwenzekayo empilweni yengane yakho. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukukhuluma lapho kuvela izindaba ezinzima, njengotshwala, izidakamizwa, kanye nezocansi.

SIZA UKUVIMBELA UKUSETSHENZISWA KWEZIDAKAMIZWA

Yize ingekho indlela eqinisekile yomlilo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ayizisebenzisi izidakamizwa, ungathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukusiza ukuyivimbela.

• Hlala uhilelekile. Yakha ubudlelwano obuqinile nengane yakho futhi ubonise ukusekela izintshisekelo zayo.
• Yiba yisibonelo esihle. Ukuziphatha kwakho kuthumela umyalezo oqondile enganeni yakho, noma ngabe uyazi noma cha. Ungazisebenzisi izidakamizwa, futhi sebenzisa imithi kadokotela njengokuyalelwa kwayo. Uma uphuza utshwala, buphuze ngokulinganisela.
• Hlangana futhi wazi abangane bengane yakho. Uma kungenzeka, hlangana nabazali babo. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi imeme abangani bakho ukuze ubazi kangcono. Uma ucabanga ukuthi umngane unethonya elibi, unganqikazi ukungena noma ukhuthaze ingane yakho ukuba yenze abanye abangane.
• Beka imithetho ecacile yengane yakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukungagibeli emotweni nezingane ebezikade zisebenzisa izidakamizwa futhi zingahlali ephathini lapho noma ubani enza khona izidakamizwa.
• Yazi ukuthi ingane yakho yenzani. Intsha engagadiwe isethubeni elikhulu lokuzama izidakamizwa. Gcina amathebhu wokuthi ingane yakho ikuphi nokuthi ihamba nobani. Cela ingane yakho ukuthi ingene nawe ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku, njengokuphuma kwesikole.
• Khuthaza imisebenzi enempilo. Izinto zokuzilibazisa, amakilabhu, ezemidlalo nemisebenzi yesikhashana konke kuyizindlela ezinhle zokugcina intsha imatasa. Ngokuhlala usebenza, ingane yakho izoba nesikhathi esincane sokubandakanyeka ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa.

YAZI IZIMPAWU

Kunezimpawu eziningi zomzimba nezokuziphatha ezikhomba ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Zifunde futhi wazi uma ingane yakho yenza noma ibukeka yehlukile. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Inkulumo ehamba kancane noma edikibalile (kusuka ekusebenziseni izinto eziphansi nezicindezelayo)
• Inkulumo esheshayo, eqhumayo (kusuka ekusebenziseni phezulu)
• Amehlo abomvu igazi
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• Iphunga elingavamile ekuphefumuleni (kusuka ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ezingekho emzimbeni)
• Abafundi abakhulu kakhulu (abahlanjululwe) noma abancane kakhulu (khomba)
• Ukunyakaza kweso okusheshayo (i-nystagmus), uphawu olungaba khona lokusetshenziswa kwe-PCP
• Ukulahleka kwesifiso (kwenzeka nge-amphetamine, methamphetamine, noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine)
• Ukwanda kwesifiso (nokusetshenziswa kwensangu)
• Ukuhamba okungamile

Ungaqaphela izinguquko ezingeni lamandla engane yakho, njenge:

• Ubuvila, ukungabi nalutho, noma ukulala njalo (ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-opiate, njenge-heroin noma i-codeine, noma lapho wehla emithini evuselelayo)
• Ukungasebenzi kahle (njengoba kubonwa ngabaphezulu njenge-cocaine ne-methamphetamine)

Futhi ungaqaphela ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwentsha yakho:

• Amabanga amabi esikoleni futhi aphuthelwe izinsuku eziningi zesikole
• Ukungabambi iqhaza emisebenzini ejwayelekile
• Shintsha eqenjini labangane
• Imisebenzi eyimfihlo
• Ukuqamba amanga noma ukweba

INDLELA YOKUTHOLA USIZO

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho isebenzisa izidakamizwa, qala ngokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yomndeni wakho. Umhlinzeki wakho angasiza ukuphatha ingane yakho, noma angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezidakamizwa noma isikhungo sokwelapha. Ungabheka nezinsizakusebenza emphakathini wakho noma ezibhedlela zasendaweni. Funa uchwepheshe onolwazi olusebenza nentsha.

Unganqikazi, thola usizo ngokushesha. Ngokushesha uthola usizo, mancane amathuba okuthi ukusetshenziswa kwentsha yakho kwezidakamizwa kuzophenduka kube ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa.

Ungathola eminye imininingwane ku- teens.drugabuse.gov.

Intsha nezidakamizwa; Izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwentsha; Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa - intsha; Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa - intsha

• Izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

IBreuner CC. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 140.

National Institute on Drug Abuse for Teens iwebhusayithi. Abazali: amaqiniso ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwentsha. intsha.drugabuse.gov/parents. Kubuyekezwe ngoJulayi 11, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Septhemba 16, 2019.

Ukubambisana ukuqeda iwebhusayithi yokulutha. Ama-e-book nemihlahlandlela yomzali. izidakamizwafree.org/parent-e-books-guides/. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 16, 2019.