Imithi yokugoma (imigomo)

Imithi yokugoma isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa amasosha akho omzimba nokuvikela izifo ezimbi, ezisongela impilo.

INDLELA IZIVIVINYO ESEBENZA NGAYO

Imithi yokugoma "ifundisa" umzimba wakho ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani uma kuhlasela amagciwane, njengama-virus noma amabhaktheriya:

• Imithi yokugoma ikuvezela inani elincane kakhulu, eliphephe kakhulu lamagciwane noma amabhaktheriya abuthakathaka noma abulawe.
• Amasosha akho omzimba afunda ukubona futhi ahlasele ukutheleleka uma utholakale kukho kamuva empilweni.
• Ngenxa yalokho, ngeke ugule, noma ungathola ukutheleleka okuncane. Le yindlela yemvelo yokubhekana nezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Izinhlobo ezine zemigomo manje ziyatholakala:

• Imishanguzo ebukhoma ye-virus sebenzisa uhlobo lwegciwane olubuthakathaka (oluncishisiwe). Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane, mumps, kanye ne-rubella (MMR) kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-varicella (chickenpox) uyizibonelo.
• Imithi yokugoma ebulewe (engasebenzi) zenziwe ngeprotheni noma ezinye izingcezu ezincane ezithathwe ku-virus noma kubhaktheriya. Umuthi wokugomela (pertussis) uyisibonelo.
• Imishanguzo ye-toxoid aqukethe ubuthi noma ikhemikhali elenziwe ngamagciwane noma igciwane. Zikwenza uvikeleke emiphumeleni eyingozi yokutheleleka, esikhundleni sokutheleleka ngokwako. Izibonelo yimithi yokugoma i-diphtheria ne-tetanus.
• Imithi yokugoma ye-Biosynthetic ziqukethe izinto ezenziwe ngabantu ezifana kakhulu nezicucu zegciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Umuthi wokugoma i-Hepatitis B uyisibonelo.

KUNGANI SIDINGA IZIVIVINYO

Emasontweni ambalwa zizelwe, izingane zivikeleka kancane kumagciwane abanga izifo. Lokhu kuvikelwa kudluliselwa kusuka kumama wabo nge-placenta ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lokhu kuvikelwa kwemvelo kuyaphela.

Imigomo isiza ukuvikela ezifweni eziningi ebezivame kakhulu. Izibonelo zifaka i-tetanus, diphtheria, mumps, isimungumungwane, i-pertussis (ukukhwehlela), i-meningitis, ne-polio. Eziningi zalezi zifo zingadala izifo ezinkulu noma ezisongela impilo futhi zingaholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezinde. Ngenxa yemigomo, eziningi zalezi zifo manje sezingavamile.

UKUPHEPHA KWAMAVANGI

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi imijovo yokugoma ayiphephile futhi ingaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Bangacela umhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ukuthi alinde noma akhethe ukungawutholi umuthi wokugoma. Kodwa izinzuzo zemigomo zidlula kude izingozi zazo.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics, i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kanye ne-Institute of Medicine bonke baphetha ngokuthi izinzuzo zemigomo zidlula ubungozi bazo.

Imishanguzo yokugoma, efana nesimungumungwane, uqwilikana, irubella, ingxibongo, kanye nemithi yokugomela umkhuhlane wamakhala ifaka amagciwane aphilayo, kepha abuthaka:

• Ngaphandle kokuthi amasosha omzimba womuntu abe buthakathaka, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umuthi wokugoma uzonikeza umuntu ukutheleleka. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka akufanele bayithole le mithi yokugoma ephilayo.
• Le mithi yokugoma ephilayo ingaba yingozi embungwini wowesifazane okhulelwe. Ukugwema ukulimaza ingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathole noma iyiphi yale mithi yokugoma. Umhlinzeki angakutshela isikhathi esifanele sokuthola le mithi yokugoma.

I-Thimerosal iyisilondolozi esatholakala emithini eminingi yokugoma esikhathini esedlule. Kodwa manje:

• Kunemithi yokugomela umkhuhlane wezinsana nengane engenawo uthimerisi.
• AKEKHO omunye umuthi wokugoma ovame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala oqukethe i-thimerosal.
• Ucwaningo olwenziwe eminyakeni eminingi alukhombisanga ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-thimerosal ne-autism noma ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha.

Ukungezwani komzimba nakho akuvamile futhi imvamisa kuyingxenye ethile (ingxenye) yomuthi wokugoma.

UHLELO LWEVACCINE

Uhlelo olunconyelwe lokugoma (lokugoma) lubuyekezwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-12 yizikhungo zase-US Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo (CDC). Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngemigomo ethize yakho noma yengane yakho. Izincomo zamanje ziyatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeCDC: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules.

ABAHAMBI

Iwebhusayithi ye-CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel) inemininingwane eningiliziwe ngokugonywa nezinye izindlela zokuvikela izivakashi kwamanye amazwe. Imigomo eminingi kufanele itholwe okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kohambo.

Phatha irekhodi lakho lokugonywa lapho uhambela amanye amazwe. Amanye amazwe adinga leli rekhodi.

IMIJWANE EMIJWAYELEKILE

• Umuthi wokugomela inkukhu
• Ukugoma kwe-DTaP (umuthi wokugoma)
• Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis A.
• Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Hib
• Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV
• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Meningococcal
• Umuthi wokugoma we-MMR
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Pneumococcal conjugate
• Umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal polysaccharide
• Ukugonyelwa uvendle (umuthi wokugomela)
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Rotavirus
• Umuthi wokugomela amashoba
• Umuthi wokugomela iTdap
• Umuthi wokugomela ngqi

Ukugoma; Ukugoma; Goma; Ukudubula umuthi wokugoma; Ukuvimbela - umuthi wokugoma

• Ukugoma
• Ukugoma
• Imigomo

UBernstein HH, uKilinsky A, u-Orenstein WA. Imikhuba yokugoma. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 197.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa e-Thimerosal. www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Concerns/thimerosal/thimerosal_faqs.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 19, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 6, 2020.

UFreedman MS, uHunter P, u-Ault K, uKroger A. Ikomidi elelulekayo ngemikhuba yokugoma lincoma uhlelo lokugoma kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-19 noma ngaphezulu - e-United States, 2020. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 133-135. I-PMID: 32027627 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027627/.

I-Kroger AT, i-Pickering LK, i-Mawle A, i-Hinman AR, i-Orenstein WA. Ukugoma. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 316.

URobinson CL, Bernstein H, Poehling K, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Ikomidi elelulekayo ngemikhuba yokugoma lincoma uhlelo lokugoma lwezingane nentsha eneminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphansi - e-United States, 2020. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (5): 130-132. I-PMID: 32027628 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027628/.

I-Strikas RA, i-Orenstein WA. Ukugoma. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 15.