Izingozi zikagwayi

Ukwazi izingozi ezinkulu zempilo zokusebenzisa ugwayi kungasiza ukukugqugquzela ukuthi uyeke. Ukusebenzisa ugwayi isikhathi eside kungandisa ubungozi bezinkinga eziningi zempilo.

Ugwayi isitshalo. Amaqabunga ayo ayabhenywa, ayahlafunwa noma ahogelwe ngemiphumela ehlukahlukene.

• Ugwayi uqukethe i-nicotine yamakhemikhali, okuyisidakamizwa esiluthayo.
• Intuthu kagwayi inamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-7 000, okungenani angama-70 awo aziwa ukuthi abangela umdlavuza.
• Ugwayi ongashiswanga ubizwa ngokuthi ugwayi ongenantuthu. Kubandakanya i-nicotine, okungenani kunamakhemikhali angama-30 kagwayi ongenantuthu okwaziwa ukuthi abangela umdlavuza.

IZINGOZI ZEMPILO ZOKUBHEMA NOMA UKUSEBENZISA I-TOBACCO EBHEKAYO

Kunezingozi eziningi zempilo ngokubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubhalwe ngezansi.

Izinkinga zenhliziyo negazi:

• Amahlule egazi nobuthakathaka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, okungaholela ekushayweni unhlangothi
• Amahlule egazi emilenzeni, angahambela emaphashini
• Isifo semithambo yegazi, kufaka phakathi i-angina nesifo senhliziyo
• Yenyuse umfutho wegazi okwesikhashana ngemuva kokubhema
• Ukunikezwa kwegazi okuncane emilenzeni
• Izinkinga zokuvinjelwa ngenxa yokwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kungene epeni

Ezinye izingozi zezempilo noma izinkinga:

• Umdlavuza (kungenzeka kakhulu emaphashini, emlonyeni, emphinjeni, emakhaleni nasezonweni, umphimbo, iminjunju, isisu, isinye, izinso, amanyikwe, umlomo wesibeletho, ikholoni, nengxwaba)
• Ukwelashwa kabi kwesilonda ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu, njenge-COPD, noma i-asthma okunzima ukuyilawula
• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengezingane ezizalwe ngesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukulahlekelwa yingane yakho, nokuchachamba kwezindebe
• Ukwehla kwekhono lokunambitha nephunga
• Ukulimala kwesidoda, okungaholela ekungazali
• Ukulahlekelwa ukubona ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yokwehla kwe-macular
• Izifo zamazinyo nezinsini
• Ukushwabana kwesikhumba

Ababhemayo abashintshela kugwayi ongenantuthu esikhundleni sokuyeka ugwayi basenezingozi empilweni:

• Ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza womlomo, wolimi, we-esophagus, ne-pancreas
• Izinkinga zezinsini, ukugqokwa kwamazinyo nezimbotshana
• Ukuqinisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme ne-angina

IZINGOZI ZEMPILO ZESOBI LASESEKHENI

Labo abavame ukuzungeza intuthu yabanye (intuthu kagwayi) banengozi enkulu yoku:

• Isifo senhliziyo nesifo senhliziyo
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Ukusabela okungazelelwe futhi okunzima, kufaka phakathi iso, ikhala, umphimbo nomgudu wokuphefumula ophansi

Izinsana nezingane ezivame ukuvezwa intuthu kagwayi zisengozini yoku:

• Ama-asthma flares (izingane ezine-asthma ezihlala nabantu ababhemayo maningi amathuba okuvakashela igumbi labezimo eziphuthumayo)
• Ukutheleleka komlomo, umphimbo, amasinusi, izindlebe namaphaphu
• Ukulimala kwamaphaphu (ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu)
• Isifo sokufa kwezinsana okungazelelwe (SIDS)

Njenganoma imuphi umlutha, ukuyeka ugwayi kunzima, ikakhulukazi uma ukukwenza wedwa.

• Funa ukwesekwa kumalungu omndeni, abangane, kanye nabantu osebenza nabo.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokwelashwa ngokushintshwa kwe-nicotine nemithi yokuyeka ukubhema.
• Joyina uhlelo lokuyeka ukubhema futhi uzoba nethuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphumelela. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zinikezwa izibhedlela, iminyango yezempilo, izikhungo zomphakathi, nezindawo zokusebenza.

Intuthu kagwayi - izingozi; Ukubhema ugwayi - izingozi; Ukubhema nogwayi ongenantuthu - izingozi; I-nicotine - izingozi

• Ukulungiswa kwe-aortic aneurysm esiswini - ukuvula - ukukhipha
• Ukubekwa kwe-Angioplasty kanye ne-stent - umthambo we-carotid - ukukhishwa
• Ukubekwa kwe-angioplasty nokuma okuqinile - imithambo yegazi - ukukhipha
• Ukulungiswa kwe-aortic aneurysm - endovascular - discharge
• Ukuhlinzwa komthambo weCarotid - ukukhipha

• Ugwayi nesifo semithambo
• Ugwayi namakhemikhali
• Ugwayi nomdlavuza
• Izingozi zempilo kagwayi
• Intuthu kagwayi nomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• I-cilia yokuphefumula

UBenowitz NL, uBrunetta PG. Izingozi zokubhema nokuyeka. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 46.

UGeorge TP. I-nicotine nogwayi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 29.

URakel RE, umlutha weHouston T. Nicotine. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 49.

Siu AL; I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ukungenelela kokuziphatha kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemisi kokuyeka ukubhema ugwayi kubantu abadala, kubandakanya nabesifazane abakhulelwe: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. U-Ann Intern Med. 2015; 163 (8): 622-634. I-PMID: 26389730 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26389730/.