Amafomula ezingane

Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala ezine kuya kwezingu-6 zokuphila, izinsana zidinga kuphela ubisi lwebele noma ubisi lwebhodlela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nazo zonke izidingo zazo zokudla okunempilo. Amafomula ezingane afaka izimpushana, iziphuzo ezigxile, namafomu asezilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ezingaphuzi ubisi lwebele. Ngenkathi kukhona umehluko othile, amafomula wezinsana athengiswa e-United States anazo zonke izakhamzimba izingane ezizidingayo ukuze zikhule futhi zikhule.

IZINHLOBO ZAMA-FORMULAS

Izingane zidinga i-ayoni ekudleni kwazo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ifomula eqiniswe ngensimbi, ngaphandle kokuthi umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho athi cha.

Amafomula asuselwa enkomeni ajwayelekile:

• Cishe zonke izingane zenza kahle kumafomula asuselwa enkomeni.
• Lawa mafomula enziwa ngamaprotheni obisi lwezinkomo aguquliwe ukuze afane nobisi lwebele. Ziqukethe i-lactose (uhlobo lukashukela obisini) namaminerali avela obisini lwenkomo.
• Amafutha emifino, kanye namanye amaminerali namavithamini nakho kufomula.
• Ukukhathazeka kanye ne-colic yizinkinga ezivamile kubo bonke abantwana. Isikhathi esiningi, amafomula obisi lwezinkomo awasiyona imbangela yalezi zimpawu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi awudingi ukushintshela kwifomula ehlukile uma ingane yakho ifutheka. Uma ungaqiniseki, khuluma nomhlinzeki wosana lwakho.

Amafomula asuselwa kuSoy:

• Lawa mafomula enziwa kusetshenziswa amaprotheni esoya. Aziqukethe i-lactose.
• I-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) iphakamisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe amafomula asuselwa enkomeni lapho kungenzeka khona kunamafomula asuselwa kusoya.
• Kubazali abangafuni ukuthi ingane yabo idle amaprotheni ezilwane, i-AAP itusa ukuncelisa. Amafomula asuselwa kuSoy nawo ayindlela.
• Amafomula asuselwa kuSoy AKAKHO kufakazelwe ukuthi ayasiza ekwelaneni nobisi noma i-colic. Izingane ezingezwani nobisi lwenkomo nazo zingaba negciwane lobisi lwe-soy.
• Amafomula asuselwa kuSoy kufanele asetshenziselwe izinsana ezine-galactosemia, isimo esingajwayelekile. Lawa mafomula angasetshenziswa futhi ezinganeni ezingakwazi ukugaya i-lactose, okungajwayelekile ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12.

Amafomula we-Hypoallergenic (amafomula we-protein hydrolyzate):

• Lolu hlobo lwefomula lungasiza ezinganeni ezinokungezwani komzimba nobisi lweprotheyini kanye nalabo abaneziqubu zesikhumba noma abaphefumulayo okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.
• Amafomula we-Hypoallergenic ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu kunamafomula ajwayelekile.

Amafomula angenalactose:

• Lawa mafomula asetshenziselwa i-galactosemia kanye nezingane ezingakwazi ukugaya i-lactose.
• Ingane enesifo sohudo imvamisa ayiyidingi ifomula engena-lactose.

Kunamafomula akhethekile ezingane ezinezinkinga ezithile zempilo. Udokotela wezingane uzokwazisa uma ingane yakho idinga ifomula ekhethekile. UNGANIKI lokhu ngaphandle uma udokotela wezingane ekuncoma.

• Amafomula we-Reflux aqiniswa ngaphambili ngesitashi selayisi. Imvamisa zidingeka kuphela ezinsaneni ezine-reflux ezingatholi isisindo noma ezingakhululeki neze.
• Amafomula wezinsana ezinesisindo ngaphambi kokuzalwa nesisindo esiphansi anama-calories amaningi kanye namaminerali ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zalezi zingane.
• Amafomula akhethekile angasetshenziselwa izinsana ezinesifo senhliziyo, ama-malabsorption syndromes, nezinkinga zokugaya amafutha noma ukucubungula ama-amino acid athile.

Amafomula amasha angenayo indima ecacile:

• Amafomula amancane anikezwa njengokudla okwengeziwe kwabantwana abancane abathanda ukudla. Kuze kube manje, azikhonjiswanga ukuthi zingcono kunobisi lonke nama-multivitamin. Ziyabiza futhi.

Amafomula amaningi angathengwa ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Amafomula alungele ukusetshenziswa - awadingi ukufaka amanzi; zilula, kepha zibiza kakhulu.
• Amafomula we-liquid agxilile - adinga ukuxutshwa namanzi, kubiza kancane.
• Amafomula afakwe impuphu - kumele ahlanganiswe namanzi, abize kancane.

I-AAP incoma ukuthi zonke izinsana zondliwe ubisi lwebele noma ifomula eqiniswe ngensimbi okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12.

Ingane yakho izoba nephethini yokudla ehluke kancane, kuya ngokuthi iyanceliswa yini noma ifomula ifomulisiwe.

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezincela ibele zivame ukudla kaningi.

Izingane ezondliwe ngamafomula zingadinga ukudla cishe izikhathi eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngosuku.

• Qala izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngama-ounces amabili kuya kwama-3 (60 kuya ku-90 milliliters) wefomula ngokudla ngakunye (ngenani lama-ounces ayi-16 kuye kwangama-24 noma ama-480 kuya ku-720 milliliters ngosuku).
• Ingane kufanele ifike okungenani kuma-oun amane (ama-millilitre ayi-120) ngokudla ngakunye ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala.
• Njengasekunceliseni ibele, inani lokuphakelwa lizokwehla njengoba ingane ikhula, kepha inani lefomula lizokhuphuka lifike kuma-ounces ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili (180 kuya ku-240 milliliters) ngokudla ngakunye.
• Ngokwesilinganiso, ingane kufanele idle cishe ama-ounces ama-2½ (75 milliliters) wefomula ngephawundi ngalinye (ama-gramu angama-453) wesisindo somzimba.
• Ezinyangeni ezine kuya kwezingu-6 ubudala, ingane kufanele idle ama-ounces angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 (600 kuya ku-1200 milliliters) wefomula futhi ivame ukulungela ukuqala ushintsho ekudleni okuqinile.

Ifomula yezinsana ingasetshenziswa kuze kube yilapho ingane inonyaka owodwa ubudala.I-AAP ayincomi ubisi lwenkomo olujwayelekile lwezingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa, ingane kufanele ithole ubisi lonke, hhayi ubisi olunamafutha noma oluncishisiwe.

Amafomula ajwayelekile aqukethe ama-20 Kcal / ounce noma ama-20 Kcal / 30 milliliters kanye no-0.45 amagremu wamaprotheni / i-ounce noma ama-0.45 amagremu wamaprotheni / 30 milliliters. Amafomula asuselwa obisini lwenkomo afanelekile ezinganeni eziningi zesikhathi esigcwele nangesikhathi sokubeletha.

Izinsana eziphuza ifomula eyanele futhi ezuza isisindo ngokuvamile azidingi amavithamini noma amaminerali engeziwe. Umhlinzeki wakho anganquma nge-fluoride eyengeziwe uma ifomula yenziwe ngamanzi angazange akhishwe i-fluorid.

Ukudla kwefomula; Ukudla ngamabhodlela; Ukunakekelwa kwezinsana - ifomula yezinsana; Ukunakekelwa kwe-Neonatal - ifomula yezingane

I-American Academy Yezingane. Inani kanye nohlelo lokuphakelwa kwefomula. www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Amount-and-Schedule-of-Formula-Feedings.aspx. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 24, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 21, 2019.

Amapaki EP, uShaikhalil A, uSainath NN, uMitchell JA, uBrownell JN, uStallings VA. Ukondla izingane ezinempilo, izingane kanye nentsha. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 56.

Seery A. Ukondla izingane ngokujwayelekile. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje kwe-Conn 2019. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2019: 1213-1220.