Ukususwa kwesigaxa samabele

Ukususwa kwesigaxa samabele ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isigaxa esingaba umdlavuza webele. Izicubu ezizungeze isigaxa nazo ziyasuswa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-excisional breast biopsy, noma i-lumpectomy.

Lapho kususwa isimila esingenalo umdlavuza njenge-fibroadenoma yesifuba, lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-excisional breast biopsy, noma i-lumpectomy.

Kwesinye isikhathi, umhlinzeki wezempilo akakwazi ukuzwa isigaxa lapho ekuhlola. Noma kunjalo, kungabonakala kwimiphumela yokuthwebula. Kulokhu, okwenziwa ngocingo kuzokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

• I-radiologist izosebenzisa i-mammogram noma i-ultrasound ukubeka i-needlewire (noma ama-needlewires) ngaphakathi noma eduze nendawo yebele engajwayelekile.
• Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela ohlinzayo azi ukuthi umdlavuza ukuphi ukuze ususwe.

Ukususwa kwesigaxa samabele kwenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kweziguli isikhathi esiningi. Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile (uzobe ulele, kodwa awunazinhlungu) noma i-anesthesia yendawo (uvukile, kepha uhlezi futhi awunazinhlungu). Inqubo ithatha cishe ihora elilodwa.

Udokotela ohlinzayo usika kancane esifubeni sakho. Umdlavuza nezinye izicubu zesifuba ezijwayelekile ezisizungezile ziyasuswa. Udokotela wezifo uhlola isampula lezicubu ezisusiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umdlavuza ukhishiwe.

• Lapho kungatholakali amangqamuzana omdlavuza eduze komphetho wesicubu esisusiwe, kubizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo ocacile.
• Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angasusa amanye noma wonke ama-lymph node ekhwapheni lakho ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kuwo.

Kwesinye isikhathi, iziqeshana zensimbi ezincane zizobekwa ngaphakathi kwesifuba ukumaka indawo yokususwa kwezicubu. Lokhu kwenza indawo ibonakale kalula kuma-mammograms azayo. Kuyasiza nokuqondisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe, lapho kudingeka.

Udokotela ohlinzayo uzovala isikhumba sakho ngemithungo noma ukudla okuyisisekelo. Lezi zingancibilika noma zidinga ukususwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imvamisa, kungabekwa ithubhu yokukhipha ukuze isuse uketshezi olungeziwe. Udokotela wakho uzothumela isigaxa kudokotela wezifo ukuze ahlolwe kakhudlwana.

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa umdlavuza webele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekwelashweni.

Ukukhetha ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe kungaba nzima. Kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi ngabe i-lumpectomy noma i-mastectomy (ukususwa kwalo lonke ibele) kuhamba phambili. Wena nabahlinzeki abelapha umdlavuza wakho webele nizothatha isinqumo ndawonye. Ngenjwayelo:

• I-Lumpectomy ivame ukuncanyelwa izigaxa zesifuba ezincane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo encane futhi inethuba elifanayo lokwelapha umdlavuza webele njenge-mastectomy. Kuyindlela enhle njengoba uthola ukugcina izicubu zakho zesifuba ezingathintekile ngumdlavuza.
• I-Mastectomy yokususa zonke izicubu zamabele ingenziwa uma indawo yomdlavuza inkulu kakhulu noma kunezimila eziningi ezingenakususwa ngaphandle kokukhubazeka ibele.

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nicabangele:

• Usayizi wesimila sakho
• Lapho isesifubeni sakho
• Uma kukhona isimila esingaphezu kwesisodwa
• Ingakanani isifuba esithintekayo
• Usayizi wamabele akho maqondana nesimila
• Iminyaka yakho
• Umlando womndeni wakho
• Impilo yakho ejwayelekile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi usufinyelele yini ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini
• Uma ukhulelwe

Izingozi zokuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Ukopha
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda esibi
  
• Isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukufa
  
• Ukusabela emithini
• Izingozi ezihambisana ne-anesthesia ejwayelekile

Ukubukeka kwesifuba sakho kungashintsha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ungaqaphela ukufiphala, isibazi, noma umehluko wokuma phakathi kwamabele akho. Futhi, indawo yesifuba ezungeze imbobo ingaba ndikindiki.

Ungadinga enye inqubo yokususa izicubu eziningi zamabele uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza usondele kakhulu emaphethelweni ezicubu ezisivele zisusiwe.

Njalo utshele umhlinzeki wakho:

• Uma ungakhulelwa
• Yiziphi izidakamizwa oziphuzayo, ngisho nezidakamizwa noma amakhambi owathengile ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela
• Ukungezwani komzimba ongahle ube nakho kubandakanya imithi ne-latex
  
• Ukusabela ku-anesthesia esikhathini esedlule
  

Phakathi nezinsuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho:

• Ungacelwa ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha i-aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), kanye nanoma iziphi ezinye izidakamizwa ezenza kube nzima ngegazi lakho ukuminyana. Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi imiphi imithi yokwelashwa okufanele imiswe, nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho.
• Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa okufanele usaziphuza ngosuku lokuhlinzwa kwakho.
• Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka okungenani amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Umhlinzeki wakho angasiza.

Ngosuku lokuhlinzwa:

• Landela imiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokudla noma ukuphuza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Thatha izidakamizwa umhlinzeki wakho akutshele ukuthi uziphuze ngesiphuzo esincane samanzi.
• Umhlinzeki wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uzofika nini ngenqubo.

Isikhathi sokululama sifushane kakhulu nge-lumpectomy elula. Abesifazane abaningi banobuhlungu obuncane, kepha uma uzwa ubuhlungu, ungathatha umuthi wezinhlungu, njenge-acetaminophen.

Isikhumba sakho kufanele sipholise cishe inyanga. Uzodinga ukunakekela indawo yokusika ehlinzekwayo. Shintsha ukugqoka njengoba umhlinzeki wakho ekutshela. Bheka izimpawu zokutheleleka uma ufika ekhaya (njengokubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukudonsa kusuka embotsheni). Gqoka ubhodisi onethezekile ohlinzeka ukusekelwa okuhle, okufana nebhodlela lezemidlalo.

Ungadinga ukukhipha ukukhipha oketshezi izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku amasonto ayi-1 kuya kwangu-2. Ungacelwa ukuthi ulinganise futhi urekhode inani loketshezi olukhanyisiwe. Umhlinzeki wakho uzosusa idreyini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Abesifazane abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo ejwayelekile ngesonto noma ngaphezulu. Gwema ukuphakamisa okunzima, ukugijima, noma imisebenzi ebangela ubuhlungu endaweni yokuhlinzwa isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili.

Umphumela we-lumpectomy womdlavuza webele uncike kakhulu kubukhulu bomdlavuza, kanye nokwakheka kwesimila. Kuya futhi ngokusabalala kwayo kuma-lymph node ngaphansi kwengalo yakho.

I-lumpectomy yomdlavuza webele ivame ukulandela ukwelashwa ngemisebe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-chemotherapy, therapy ye-hormonal, noma kokubili.

Ezimweni eziningi, awudingi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesifuba ngemuva kwe-lumpectomy.

I-Lumpectomy; Ukusikwa kwendawo yonke; Ukuhlinzwa kokulondolozwa kwamabele; Ukuhlinzwa kokuvikela amabele; I-mastectomy engaphelele; Ukuphinda uthengise ngokwengxenye; I-Tylectomy

• Imisebe yesifuba sangaphandle - ukukhishwa
• ILymphedema - ukuzinakekela
• I-Mastectomy - ukukhipha
• Ukunakekelwa kwesilonda sokuhlinzwa - kuvulekile

• Ibele lesifazane
• I-Needle biopsy yesifuba
• Vula i-biopsy yesifuba
• Ukuzihlola kwamabele
• Ukuzihlola kwamabele
• Ukuzihlola kwamabele
• Izigaxa zamabele
• I-Lumpectomy
• Izimbangela zezigaxa zamabele
• Ukususwa kwesigaxa samabele - uchungechunge

I-American Cancer Society. Ukuhlinzwa okulondoloza amabele (i-lumpectomy). www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery-for-breast-cancer/breast-conservation-surgery-lumpectomy. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 13, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 5, 2018.

I-Bevers TB, i-Brown PH, i-Maresso KC, i-Hawk ET. Ukuvimbela umdlavuza, ukuhlolwa, nokutholwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 23.

Hunt KK, Mittendorf EA. Izifo zesifuba. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 34.

I-American Society of Breast Odokotela Abahlinzayo. Ukusebenza kanye nemihlahlandlela yokusebenza yokuhlinza okulondolozela amabele / i-mastectomy engaphelele. www.breastsurgeons.org/docs/statement/Performance-and-Practice-Guidelines-for-Breast-Conservation-Surgery-Partial-Mastectomy.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 22, 2015. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 5, 2018.

I-Wolff AC, i-Domchek SM, i-Davidson NE, i-Sacchini V, i-McCormick B. Umdlavuza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 91.