Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

I-mastectomy ukuhlinzwa ukususa izicubu zamabele. Esinye isikhumba nengono nakho kungasuswa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzwa okusindisa ingono nesikhumba manje sekungenziwa kaningi. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlinzwa, uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzobe ulele futhi ungenazinhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-mastectomies. Yikuphi udokotela wakho ohlinzayo akwenzayo kuya ngohlobo lwenkinga yebele onayo. Isikhathi esiningi, i-mastectomy yenziwa ukwelapha umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ukuvimbela umdlavuza (i-prophylactic mastectomy).

Udokotela ohlinzayo uzosika esifubeni sakho bese enza omunye wale misebenzi:

• I-mastectomy-sparing mastectomy: Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa lonke ibele, kepha ushiya ingono ne-areola (indingilizi enombala ezungeze ingono) endaweni. Uma unomdlavuza, udokotela ohlinzayo angenza i-biopsy yama-lymph node endaweni engaphansi kwekhwapha ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini.
• I-mastectomy yokuvikela isikhumba: Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa isifuba ngengono kanye ne-areola ngokususwa okuncane kwesikhumba. Uma unomdlavuza, udokotela ohlinzayo angenza i-biopsy yama-lymph node endaweni engaphansi kwekhwapha ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini.
• I-mastectomy ephelele noma elula: Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa lonke ibele kanye nengono ne-areola. Uma unomdlavuza, udokotela ohlinzayo angenza i-biopsy yama-lymph node endaweni engaphansi kwekhanda ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini.
• I-radical mastectomy eguquliwe: Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa lonke ibele ngengono ne-areolar namanye ama-lymph node ngaphansi kwengalo.
• I-Radical mastectomy: Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa isikhumba ngaphezu kwebele, wonke ama-lymph node ngaphansi kwengalo, kanye nemisipha yesifuba. Lokhu kuhlinzwa akuvamile ukwenziwa.
• Isikhumba bese sivalwa ngemisipho (imithungo).

Umsele owodwa noma emibili yamapulasitiki amancane noma amashubhu kuvame ukushiywa esifubeni sakho ukukhipha uketshezi oluthe xaxa lapho izicubu zesifuba zazikhona.

Udokotela ohlinzayo wepulasitiki angakwazi ukuqala ukwakha kabusha isifuba ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okufanayo. Ungakhetha futhi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesifuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma unokwakha kabusha, i-mastectomy yesikhumba noma yengono ingaba inketho.

I-Mastectomy izothatha cishe amahora amabili kuya kwangu-3.

OWESIFAZANE UTHONSWE NGOMdlavuza WAMABELE

Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-mastectomy umdlavuza webele.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nezinketho zakho:

• I-Lumpectomy kulapho kukhishwa kuphela umdlavuza webele kanye nezicubu ezizungeze umdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa kokulondolozwa kwamabele noma i-mastectomy engaphelele. Iningi lesifuba sakho lizosala.
• I-Mastectomy yilapho kususwa zonke izicubu zamabele.

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nicabangele:

• Usayizi nendawo yesimila sakho
• Ukubandakanyeka kwesikhumba kwalesi simila
• Mangaki amathumba akhona esifubeni
• Ingakanani isifuba esithintekayo
• Usayizi webele lakho
• Iminyaka yakho
• Umlando wezokwelapha ongakususa ekulondolozweni kwamabele (lokhu kungafaka imisebe yamabele yangaphambilini nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha)
• Umlando womndeni
• Impilo yakho ejwayelekile nokuthi ufinyelele esikhathini sokuya esikhathini

Ukukhetha kokulungele wena kungaba nzima. Wena nabahlinzeki abelapha umdlavuza webele lakho nizothatha isinqumo ndawonye ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu.

ABESIFAZANE ABASENGOZINI EPHAKEME YOMDLAVUZA WAMABELE

Abesifazane abanengozi enkulu kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza webele bangakhetha ukuba ne-mastectomy yokuvikela (noma ye-prophylactic) ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele.

Ungahle ube nomdlavuza webele uma isihlobo esisodwa noma eziningi eziseduze zomndeni zithole lesi sifo, ikakhulukazi zisencane. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo (okufana ne-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2) kungasiza ukukhombisa ukuthi usengozini enkulu. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe uvivinyo olujwayelekile lofuzo, usengaba sengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele, ngokuya ngezinye izinto. Kungaba wusizo ukuhlangana nomeluleki wezofuzo ukuhlola izinga lakho lobungozi.

I-Prophylactic mastectomy kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokucabangisisa kahle nokuxoxa nodokotela wakho, umeluleki wezofuzo, umndeni wakho, nabathandekayo.

I-Mastectomy inciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza webele, kepha ayiqedi.

Ukuthwebula, ukushwabana, ukuvula isilonda, i-seroma, noma ukulahleka kwesikhumba emaphethelweni okusika okuhlinzekwayo noma ngaphakathi kwesikhumba kungenzeka.

Izingozi:

• Ubuhlungu behlombe nokuqina. Ungase futhi uzwe izikhonkwane nezinaliti lapho isifuba sasikhona futhi ngaphansi kwengalo.
• Ukuvuvukala kwengalo noma webele (okubizwa nge-lymphedema) ngasohlangothini olufanayo nebele elisusiweyo. Lokhu kuvuvukala akuvamile, kepha kungaba yinkinga eqhubekayo.
• Ukulimala kwezinzwa eziya ezicutshini zengalo, zangemuva, nezesifuba.

Ungaba nokuhlolwa kwegazi nemifanekiso (njengokuhlolwa kwe-CT, ukuskena kwamathambo, kanye ne-x-ray yesifuba) ngemuva kokuthi umhlinzeki wakho athole umdlavuza webele. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ngaphandle kwesifuba kanye nama-lymph node ngaphansi kwengalo.

Hlala utshela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ungakhulelwa
• Uthatha noma iziphi izidakamizwa noma amakhambi noma izithako ozithengile ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela
• Uyabhema

Phakathi nesonto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa:

• Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho, ungacelwa ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha i-aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), vitamin E, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezenza kube nzima ukuze igazi lakho limboze.
• Buza ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo okufanele usayiphuza ngosuku lokuhlinzwa.

Ngosuku lokuhlinzwa:

• Landela imiyalelo evela kudokotela wakho noma unesi mayelana nokudla noma ukuphuza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Thatha imishanguzo otshelwe ukuthi uyiphuze ngamanzi amancane.

Uzotshelwa ukuthi ufika nini esibhedlela. Qiniseka ukuthi ufika ngesikhathi.

Iningi labesifazane lihlala esibhedlela amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48 ngemuva kwe-mastectomy. Ubude bokuhlala kwakho buzoya ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa obukade unalo. Abesifazane abaningi baya emakhaya ngamashubhu okuhambisa amanzi asesifubeni ngemuva kwe-mastectomy. Udokotela uzobasusa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwehhovisi. Umhlengikazi uzokufundisa ukuthi ungabheka kanjani umsele, noma ungahle ukwazi ukusizwa ngumhlengikazi onakekela ikhaya.

Ungaba nobuhlungu eduze kwesiza sokusika kwakho ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ubuhlungu buphakathi emva kosuku lokuqala bese buhamba isikhathi esingamasonto ambalwa. Uzothola imithi yezinhlungu ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlela.

Uketshezi lungaqoqeka endaweni ye-mastectomy yakho ngemuva kokuthi kususwe yonke imisele. Lokhu kubizwa nge-seroma. Imvamisa iyazihambela yodwa, kepha ingadinga ukukhishwa kusetshenziswa inaliti (isifiso).

Iningi labesifazane lilulama kahle ngemuva kwe-mastectomy.

Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, ungadinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza webele. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingabandakanya ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy. Konke kunemiphumela engemihle, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezinketho.

Ukuhlinzwa kokukhishwa kwamabele; I-mastectomy engaphansi; Ingono yokugodla i-mastectomy; Ingqikithi yemastectomy; Isikhumba sokuvikela i-mastectomy; I-mastectomy elula; Kushintshwe i-mastectomy enkulu; Umdlavuza webele - i-mastectomy

• Ngemuva kwamakhemikhali - ukukhishwa
• Imisebe yesifuba sangaphandle - ukukhishwa
• Imisebe yesifuba - ukukhishwa
• Ukuhlinzwa isifuba sezimonyo - ukukhishwa
• Ukuphuza amanzi ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza
• Umlomo owomile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza
• Ukudla ama-calories amaningi lapho ugula - abantu abadala
• ILymphedema - ukuzinakekela
• I-Mastectomy nokwakhiwa kabusha kwesifuba - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• I-Mastectomy - ukukhipha
• I-Oral mucositis - ukuzinakekela
• Ukudla okuphephile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza
• Ukunakekelwa kwesilonda sokuhlinzwa - kuvulekile

• Ibele lesifazane
• I-Mastectomy - uchungechunge
• Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamabele - uchungechunge

UDavidson NE. Umdlavuza webele nezinkinga zesifuba ezinobungozi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 188.

UHenry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. Umdlavuza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 88.

Hunt KK, Mittendorf EA. Izifo zesifuba. Ku: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 34.

IMacmillan RD. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Ku: Dixon JM, Barber MD, ama-eds. Ukuhlinzwa Kwamabele: Umngane Wokuzijwayeza Kokuhlinzwa Okukhethekile. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: 122-133.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Imikhombandlela ye-NCCN yokwenza imitholampilo ku-oncology: umdlavuza webele. Inguqulo 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 5, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 25, 2020.