Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwekhanda nobuso

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwekhanda nobuso ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa noma ukubumba kabusha ukukhubazeka kwekhanda nobuso (craniofacial).

Ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa kokukhubazeka ekhanda nasebusweni (ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-craniofacial) kuncike ohlotsheni nasekuqineni kokukhubazeka, kanye nesimo somuntu. Igama lezokwelapha lalokhu kuhlinzekwa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-craniofacial.

Ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa kufaka phakathi ugebhezi (i-cranium), ubuchopho, izinzwa, amehlo, namathambo nesikhumba sobuso. Yingakho kwesinye isikhathi udokotela ohlinzayo wepulasitiki (wesikhumba nobuso) kanye ne-neurosurgeon (ubuchopho nezinzwa) basebenza ndawonye. Abahlinzayo bekhanda nentamo nabo benza imisebenzi yokwakha kabusha i-craniofacial.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngenkathi ulele ubuthongo obukhulu futhi ungenazinhlungu (ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile). Ukuhlinzwa kungathatha amahora amane kuya kwayi-12 noma ngaphezulu. Amanye amathambo obuso ayanqunywa futhi ahanjiswe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, izicubu ziyasuswa futhi imithambo yegazi nezinzwa kuxhunywa kabusha kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlinza ezincane kakhulu.

Izicucu zethambo (ubuthambo bethambo) zingathathwa esikhaleni, ezimbanjeni, noma kogebhezi ukugcwalisa izikhala lapho bekuhanjiswa khona amathambo obuso nekhanda. Izikulufo ezincane namapuleti enziwe nge-titanium noma ngedivayisi yokulungisa eyenziwe ngezinto ezingathatheka kungasetshenziswa ukubamba amathambo endaweni. Izimila zingasetshenziswa futhi. Imihlathi ingahle ihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze ibambe izikhundla ezintsha zamathambo. Ukumboza izimbobo, iziphuphu zingathathwa esandleni, ezinqeni, odongeni lwesifuba, noma ethangeni.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlinzwa kubangela ukuvuvukala kobuso, umlomo, noma intamo, okungahlala amasonto. Lokhu kungavimba indlela yomoya. Ngalokhu, kungadingeka ukuthi ube ne-tracheostomy yesikhashana. Lona umgodi omncane owenziwe entanyeni yakho lapho kufakwa khona ithubhu (i-endotracheal tube) ku-airway (trachea). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uphefumule lapho ubuso bakho nomoya ongaphezulu uvuvukile.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Craniofacial kungenziwa uma kukhona:

• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa nokukhubazeka okuvela ezimeni ezinjenge-cleft lip noma ulwanga, i-craniosynostosis, i-Apert syndrome
• Ukukhubazeka okubangelwa ukuhlinzwa okwenziwe ukwelapha izicubu
• Ukulimala ekhanda, ebusweni, noma emhlathini
• Izimila

Izingozi ze-anesthesia nokuhlinzwa ngokujwayelekile yilezi:

• Izinkinga ukuphefumula
• Ukusabela emithini
• Ukopha, amahlule egazi, ukutheleleka

Izingozi zokuhlinzwa kwekhanda nobuso yilezi:

• Imizwa (ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa) noma ukulimala kobuchopho
• Isidingo sokuhlinzwa okulandelwayo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezikhulayo
• Ukulahleka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwamathambo
• Isibazi esihlala njalo

Lezi zinkinga zivame kakhulu kubantu:

• Intuthu
• Yiba nokudla okunomsoco
• Yiba nezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njenge-lupus
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi okungalungile
• Yiba nomonakalo owedlule wezinzwa

Ungachitha izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa egumbini labagula kakhulu. Uma ungenayo inkinga, uzokwazi ukuphuma esibhedlela kungakapheli isonto elilodwa. Ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kungathatha amasonto ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Ukuvuvukala kuzothuthuka ezinyangeni ezilandelayo.

Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kakhulu kungalindelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Abanye abantu badinga ukuba nezinqubo zokulandelela phakathi ne-1 elandelayo iminyaka engu-4.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadlali imidlalo yokuxhumana izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezi-6 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Abantu abake balimala kanzima ngokuvamile badinga ukubhekana nezinkinga ezingokomzwelo zokuhlukumezeka kanye noshintsho ekubukekeni kwabo. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abake balimala kanzima bangaba nesifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele, ukudangala, kanye nezinkinga zokukhathazeka. Ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo noma ukujoyina iqembu lokusekelwa kungasiza.

Abazali bezingane ezinokukhubazeka ebusweni bavame ukuzizwa benecala noma benamahloni, ikakhulukazi lapho ukukhubazeka kubangelwa isimo sofuzo. Njengoba izingane zikhula futhi zikwazi ukubukeka kwazo, izimpawu ezingokomzwelo zingakhula noma ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Craniofacial; Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Orbital-craniofacial; Ukwakhiwa kabusha kobuso

• Ukhakhayi
• Ukhakhayi
• Ukulungiswa kwezindebe zeCleft - uchungechunge
• Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Craniofacial - uchungechunge

I-Baker SR. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamaphutha ebusweni. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ama-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 24.

UMcGrath MH, uPomerantz JH. I - plastic surgery. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa: Isisekelo Sebhayoloji Sokuzijwayeza Kwamanje Kokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 68.