Ukufakelwa komlenze

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu ukuhlinzwa ukufaka iphaphu elilodwa noma womabili agulayo ngamaphaphu aphilile avela kumnikeli womuntu.

Ezimweni eziningi, amaphaphu noma amaphaphu amasha anikelwa ngumuntu oneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-65 futhi obulewe ubuchopho, kepha usesekweni lokuphila. Amaphaphu abanikeli kumele angabi nasifo futhi ahambisane eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nohlobo lwakho lwezicubu. Lokhu kunciphisa ithuba lokuthi umzimba uzokwenqaba ukufakelwa.

Amaphaphu anganikezwa futhi ngabaxhasi abaphilayo. Kudingeka abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu. Umuntu ngamunye unikela ngengxenye (ye-lobe) yamaphaphu abo. Lokhu kwakha iphaphu lonke lomuntu olitholayo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, ulele futhi awunazinhlungu (ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile). Ukusikwa kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa esifubeni. Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa komshini wenhliziyo-namaphaphu. Le divayisi yenza umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho namaphaphu ngenkathi inhliziyo namaphaphu akho kumisiwe ukuze kuhlinzwe.

• Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu okukodwa, ukusika kwenziwa eceleni kwesifuba sakho lapho iphaphu lizotshalwa khona. Lo msebenzi uthatha amahora amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ezimweni eziningi, iphaphu elinomsebenzi omubi kakhulu liyasuswa.
• Ngokufakelwa okuphindwe kabili kwamaphaphu, ukusikwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesifuba futhi kufinyelela ezinhlangothini zombili zesifuba. Ukuhlinzwa kuthatha amahora ayisithupha kuye kwayi-12.

Ngemuva kokusikwa, izinyathelo ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu zifaka:

• Ubekwe emshinini wenhliziyo nomaphaphu.
• Kususwe elilodwa noma womabili amaphaphu akho. Kubantu abanokufakelwa okuphindwe kabili kwamaphaphu, iningi noma zonke izinyathelo ezisuka ohlangothini lokuqala ziyaqedwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe uhlangothi lwesibili.
• Imithambo yegazi eyinhloko kanye nomoya womoya wamaphaphu omusha uthungelwe emithanjeni yakho yegazi nasendleleni yomoya. I-lobe donor noma amaphaphu athungiwe (ahlanganiswe) endaweni. Amashubhu wesifuba afakwa ukukhipha umoya, uketshezi, negazi esifubeni izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuvumela amaphaphu ukuthi anwebe ngokugcwele.
• Uyasuswa emshinini wenhliziyo nomaphaphu uma amaphaphu ethungelwe futhi esebenza.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo namaphaphu kwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye (ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo namaphaphu) uma inhliziyo nayo igula.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu zingaphumeleli. Ukufakwa kwamaphaphu kunganconywa kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 abanesifo samaphaphu esibi. Ezinye izibonelo zezifo ezingadinga ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu yilezi:

• ICystic fibrosis
• Ukulimala emithanjeni yamaphaphu ngenxa yokukhubazeka enhliziyweni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (isici sokuzalwa)
• Ukucekelwa phansi kwemigwaqo yomoya emikhulu namaphaphu (bronchiectasis)
• I-Emphysema noma isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• Izimo zemiphunga lapho izicubu zamaphaphu ziba nokuvuvukala nezibazi (isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi)
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme emithanjeni yamaphaphu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu)
• I-Sarcoidosis

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungenzeka kungenziwa kubantu:

• Bagula kakhulu noma bondliwe kabi ukuthi bangaqhubeka nenqubo
• Qhubeka nokubhema noma usebenzise kabi utshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa
• Yiba ne-hepatitis B esebenzayo, i-hepatitis C, noma i-HIV
• Ngibe nomdlavuza eminyakeni emibili edlule
• Yiba nesifo samaphaphu esingathinta iphaphu elisha
• Unesifo esibi sezinye izitho
• Ayikwazi ukuthatha imishanguzo yabo ngokuthembekile
• Abakwazi ukuhambisana nesibhedlela kanye nokuvakashelwa kwezempilo kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo

Izingozi zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu zifaka:

• Amahlule egazi (i-venous thrombosis ejulile).
• Isifo sikashukela, ukuncipha kwamathambo, noma amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol emithini enikezwa ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha.
• Ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka ngenxa yemithi elwa nokwenqatshwa (i-immunosuppression).
• Ukulimala kwezinso zakho, isibindi, noma ezinye izitho ezivela emithini elwa nokwenqatshwa.
• Ingozi yesikhathi esizayo yomdlavuza othile.
• Izinkinga endaweni lapho kufakwe khona imithambo yegazi emisha nemigwaqo yomoya.
• Ukwenqatshwa kwephaphu elisha, okungenzeka ngokushesha, phakathi kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha okuqala, noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Iphaphu elisha kungenzeka lingasebenzi nhlobo.

Uzoba nokuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuthola ukuthi ungumuntu olungele yini lo msebenzi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ukuhlola izifo
• Ukuthayipha kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola inhliziyo yakho, njenge-electrocardiogram (EKG), i-echocardiogram, noma i-catheterization yenhliziyo
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola amaphaphu akho
• Ukuhlolwa kokubheka umdlavuza wokuqala (i-Pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy)
• Ukuthayipha izicubu, ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ngeke ulinqabe iphaphu elinikelwe

Abaqokiwe abafanele ukufakelwa bafakwa ohlwini lokulinda lwesifunda. Indawo yakho ohlwini lokulinda isuselwa ezicini eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Unezinkinga ezinjani zamaphaphu
• Ubukhulu besifo sakho samaphaphu
• Amathuba okuthi ukufakelwa kabusha kuphumelele

Kubantu abaningi abadala, isikhathi osichitha ohlwini lokulinda ngokuvamile asinqumi ukuthi uthola iphaphu ngokushesha kangakanani. Isikhathi sokulinda kuvame ukuba okungenani iminyaka emibili kuya kwemi-3.

Ngenkathi usalinde iphaphu elisha:

• Landela noma yikuphi ukudla okunconywa yithimba lakho lokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Yeka ukuphuza utshwala, ungabhemi, futhi ugcine isisindo sakho ebangeni elinconyiwe.
• Thatha yonke imithi njengokuyalelwa kwayo. Bika ushintsho emithini yakho nasezinkinga zezokwelapha ezintsha noma eziba zimbi kakhulu eqenjini lokufakelwa kabusha.
• Landela noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca olufundiswe ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu.
• Gcina noma yimaphi ama-aphoyintimenti owenzile nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ojwayelekile kanye neqembu lokufakelwa kabusha.
• Yazisa iqembu lokufakelwa kabusha ukuthi lingaxhumana kanjani nawe ngokushesha uma iphaphu litholakala. Qiniseka ukuthi ungathintwa ngokushesha futhi kalula.
• Zilungiselele kusengaphambili ukuya esibhedlela.

Ngaphambi kwenqubo, hlala utshela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi:

• Yiziphi izidakamizwa, amavithamini, amakhambi, nezinye izithako ozithathayo, ngisho nalezo ozithenge ngaphandle kadokotela
• Uma uphuze utshwala obuningi (iziphuzo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa noma ezimbili ngosuku)

Ungadli noma uphuze noma yini uma utshelwa ukuthi uze esibhedlela uzofakelwa amaphaphu. Thatha kuphela imithi otshelwe ukuthi uyiphuze ngophuzo oluncane lwamanzi.

Kufanele ulindele ukuhlala esibhedlela izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-21 ngemuva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Cishe uzochitha isikhathi egumbini labagula kakhulu (i-ICU) ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Iningi lezikhungo ezenza ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu zinezindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha nokuphatha iziguli zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu.

Isikhathi sokululama sinezinyanga eziyisithupha. Imvamisa, iqembu lakho lokufakelwa kabusha lizokucela ukuthi uhlale eduze nesibhedlela izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Uzodinga ukuhlolwa njalo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi nama-x-ray iminyaka eminingi.

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu inqubo enkulu eyenzelwa abantu abanesifo samaphaphu esisongela ukuphila noma ukulimala.

Cishe iziguli ezine kwezinhlanu zisaphila unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokufakwa. Cishe ababili kwabayisihlanu bokutholwa kokufakelwa bayaphila eminyakeni emihlanu. Ingcuphe enkulu yokufa ingaphakathi konyaka wokuqala, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinkinga ezinjengokwaliwa.

Ukulwa nokwenqatshwa kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Amasosha omzimba abheka isitho esitshalwe kabusha njengomhlaseli futhi angasihlasela.

Ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa, iziguli ezifakela izitho zomzimba kumele zithathe imishanguzo yokulwa (nokwenqatshelwa komzimba). Le mithi icindezela ukuphendula komzimba futhi inciphise nethuba lokwaliwa. Ngenxa yalokho, noma kunjalo, le mithi futhi inciphisa amandla emvelo omzimba okulwa nezifo.

Ngeminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, okungenani umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu uba nomdlavuza noma abe nezinkinga ngenhliziyo. Kubantu abaningi, ikhwalithi yempilo iyathuthukiswa ngemuva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Banokukhuthazela okungcono kokuzivocavoca futhi bayakwazi ukwenza okuningi nsuku zonke.

Ukufakelwa komzimba okuqinile - amaphaphu

• Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu - uchungechunge

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