Yini i-Blood Normal pH futhi Yini Eyenza Ishintshe?

-Delile

• Isingeniso esisheshayo esikalini se-pH
• Ngakho-ke, yini i-pH ejwayelekile yegazi?
• Yini eyenza i-pH yegazi ishintshe noma ibe yinto engajwayelekile?
• Ukulinganisela kwegazi le-pH
• Ukuhlola igazi pH
• Ungahlola yini ekhaya?
• Izimbangela ze-pH yegazi ziyashintsha
• Igazi eliphakeme pH
• Ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Igazi eliphansi pH
• Ukudla
• I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela
• I-Metabolic acidosis
• I-acidosis yokuphefumula
• Ukuthatha

Isingeniso esisheshayo esikalini se-pH

Isilinganiso se-pH silinganisa ukuthi i-acidic noma i-alkaline - eyisisekelo - okuthile kuyinto.

Umzimba wakho usebenza njalo ukulawula ngokucophelela amazinga e-pH egazi nolunye uketshezi. Ibhalansi ye-pH yomzimba ibizwa nangokuthi i-acid-base noma i-acid-alkaline esele. Izinga le-pH elifanele liyadingeka empilweni enhle.

Izinga le-pH lisuka ku-0 liye ku-14. Ukufundwa kususelwa ku-pH engu-7, engathathi hlangothi, njengamanzi amsulwa:

• I-pH engezansi kwe-7 ine-asidi.
• I-pH ephakeme kune-7 ine-alkaline noma eyisisekelo.

Lesi sikali singabonakala sincane, kepha ileveli ngalinye likhulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunelilandelayo. Isibonelo, i-pH ka-9 ingama-alkaline aphindwe kayishumi kune-pH ka-8. I-pH ka-2 iphindaphindeke kalishumi kune-asidi kune-pH ka-3, futhi iphindaphindwe kalikhulu ibe ne-asidi ngaphezu kokufundwa okungu-4.

Ngakho-ke, yini i-pH ejwayelekile yegazi?

Igazi lakho linebanga elijwayelekile le-pH elingu-7.35 kuye ku-7.45. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi ngokwemvelo line-alkaline elincane noma eliyisisekelo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa, isisu sakho esine-pH cishe esingu-1.5 kuye ku-3.5. Lokhu kwenza kube acidic. I-pH ephansi ilungele ukugaya ukudla futhi ichithe noma imaphi amagciwane angena esiswini.

Yini eyenza i-pH yegazi ishintshe noma ibe yinto engajwayelekile?

Izinkinga zempilo ezenza umzimba wakho ube ne-asidi kakhulu noma i-alkaline kakhulu zivame ukuxhunyaniswa ne-pH yegazi. Izinguquko egazini lakho elijwayelekile i-pH kungaba uphawu lwezimo ezithile zezempilo kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• isifuba somoya
• isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo
• isifo sezinso
• isifo samaphaphu
• ukuvuvukala
• ukutheleleka
• ukushaqeka
• ukopha (ukuphuma kwegazi)
• ukweqisa izidakamizwa
• ubuthi

Ukulinganisela kwegazi le-pH

I-Acidosis yilapho i-pH yegazi lakho yehla ngaphansi kuka-7.35 futhi iba ne-asidi kakhulu. I-Alkalosis kulapho igazi lakho i-pH liphakeme kuno-7.45 futhi liba ne-alkaline kakhulu. Izitho ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisiza ukulinganisa i-pH yegazi yilezi:

• Amaphaphu. Lezi zitho zisusa i-carbon dioxide ngokuphefumula noma ngokuphefumula.
• Izinso. Lezi zitho zisusa ama-asidi ngomchamo noma ngokukhipha.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-acidosis yegazi ne-alkalosis zincike embangela. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuphefumula. Lolu hlobo lwenzeka lapho ushintsho egazini i-pH lubangelwa yisimo samaphaphu noma sokuphefumula.
• Umzimba. Lolu hlobo lwenzeka lapho ushintsho lwe-pH yegazi kungenxa yesimo sezinso noma ukukhishwa.

Ukuhlola igazi pH

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-pH kuyingxenye ejwayelekile yokuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi (i-ABG). Ilinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide esegazini lakho.

Udokotela wakho angahlola i-pH yegazi lakho njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile noma uma unesimo sempilo.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-pH kubandakanya ukufaka igazi lakho ngenaliti. Isampuli yegazi bese ithunyelwa ebhodini ukuze ihlolwe.

Ungahlola yini ekhaya?

Ukuhlolwa komunwe kwegazi lasekhaya ngeke kunembe njengokuhlolwa kwegazi le-pH ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwephepha le-litmus pH litmus ngeke kukhombise izinga le-pH yegazi lakho, kepha kungasiza ukukhombisa ukuthi kukhona okungalingani.

Izimbangela ze-pH yegazi ziyashintsha

Igazi eliphakeme pH

I-Alkalosis yenzeka lapho igazi lakho i-pH liphakeme kunebanga elijwayelekile. Kunezimbangela eziningana ze-pH ephezulu yegazi.

Ukugula kungakhuphula igazi lakho i-pH okwesikhashana. Izimo zezempilo ezibucayi kakhulu nazo zingaholela ku-alkalosis.

Ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi

Ukulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi emzimbeni wakho kungakhuphula i-pH yegazi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ulahlekelwa ngama-electrolyte egazi - osawoti namaminerali - ngokulahleka kwamanzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-sodium ne-potassium. Izimbangela zokulahleka koketshezi ngokweqile:

• ukujuluka
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo

Imithi yokwelapha kanye neminye imishanguzo kungadala ukuthi uchame kakhulu okuholela egazini eliphezulu le-pH. Ukwelashwa kokulahleka koketshezi kubandakanya ukuthola uketshezi oluningi nokufaka ama-electrolyte esikhundleni. Iziphuzo zezemidlalo kwesinye isikhathi zingasiza ngalokhu. Udokotela wakho angaphinde ayeke noma yimiphi imithi edala ukulahleka koketshezi.

Izinkinga zezinso

Izinso zakho zisiza ukugcina i-acid-base balance yomzimba wakho. Inkinga yezinso ingaholela ekuphakameni kwegazi i-pH. Lokhu kungenzeka uma izinso zingasusi izinto ezine-alkaline ezanele ngomchamo. Isibonelo, i-bicarbonate ingabuyiselwa ngokungafanele egazini.

Imithi kanye nokunye ukwelashwa kwezinso kusiza ukwehlisa izinga eliphezulu legazi i-pH.

Igazi eliphansi pH

I-acid acidosis ingaba nomthelela ekutheni zonke izitho zomzimba wakho zisebenza kanjani. I-pH yegazi ephansi yinkinga yezokwelapha ejwayelekile kune-pH ephezulu yegazi. I-Acidosis ingaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso lokuthi isimo sempilo asilawulwa kahle.

Ezinye izimo zezempilo zidala ukuthi kwakhiwe ama-acid emvelo egazini lakho. Ama-acid anganciphisa igazi pH afaka:

• i-lactic acid
• keto acid
• i-sulfuric acid
• i-phosphoric acid
• i-hydrochloric acid
• i-carbonic acid

Ukudla

Kumuntu onempilo, ukudla akuthinti i-pH yegazi.

I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela

Uma unesifo sikashukela, igazi lakho lingaba ne-acidic uma amazinga kashukela egazi wakho engalawulwa kahle. I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela yenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukwenza i-insulin eyanele noma uyisebenzise kahle.

I-insulini isiza ukuhambisa ushukela ekudleni okudlayo uyise kumaseli akho lapho kungashiswa khona njengophethiloli womzimba wakho.

Uma i-insulin ingenakusetshenziswa, umzimba wakho uqala ukwephula amafutha agciniwe ukuze uzenzele amandla ngokwawo. Lokhu kukhipha imfucumfucu ene-asidi okuthiwa ama-ketone. I-asidi iyakha, ibangele i-pH yegazi ephansi.

Thola ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho lingaphezulu kwama-milligram angama-300 nge-desilitha ngalinye (ama-millimoles ayi-16 ngelitha).

Bheka udokotela wakho uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu:

• ukoma ngokweqile
• ukuchama kaningi
• ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka
• isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• umoya onuka izithelo
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukudideka

I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela iwuphawu lokuthi isifo sakho sikashukela asiphathwa noma siphathwe kahle. Kwabanye abantu, kungaba yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi unesifo sikashukela.

Ukwelapha isifo sikashukela kuzolinganisa i-pH yegazi lakho. Ungahle udinge:

• imithi yansuku zonke
• imijovo ye-insulin
• indlela yokudla eqinile nokuzivocavoca ukuze uhlale uphilile

I-Metabolic acidosis

I-pH yegazi ephansi ngenxa yesifo sezinso noma ukwehluleka kwezinso ibizwa nge-metabolic acidosis. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinso zingasebenzi kahle ukususa ama-asidi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuphakamisa ama-acid egazi futhi kwehlise i-pH yegazi.

Ngokusho kweNational Kidney Foundation, izimpawu ze-metabolic acidosis zifaka:

• ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ubuhlungu bekhanda
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuphefumula kanzima

Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-metabolic kufaka nemithi yokusiza izinso zakho zisebenze kangcono. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungadinga i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso. I-Dialysis kulapho umshini usetshenziselwa ukuhlanza igazi lakho.

I-acidosis yokuphefumula

Lapho amaphaphu akho engakwazi ukukhipha isikhutha esanele emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha okwanele, igazi pH lehliswa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-acidosis yokuphefumula. Lokhu kungenzeka uma unesimo samaphaphu esibi noma esingapheli, njenge:

• isifuba somoya noma ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya
• ukulala ubuthongo
• i-bronchitis
• inyumoniya
• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• iziyaluyalu diaphragm

Uma ngabe uhlinziwe, ukhuluphele, noma usebenzise kabi imishanguzo, okungamaphilisi okulala, noma imishanguzo yezinhlungu ze-opioid nawe usengozini yokuphefumula i-acidosis.

Kwezinye izimo ezincane, izinso zakho ziyakwazi ukususa ama-acid egazi ngokuchama. Ungadinga i-oxygen eyengeziwe nemithi efana ne-bronchodilators kanye ne-steroids ukusiza amaphaphu asebenze kangcono.

Ezimweni ezibucayi, intubation kanye ne-mechanical ventilation ingakusiza nge-acidosis yokuphefumula ukuze uphefumule kangcono. Iphinde iphakamise igazi lakho i-pH ibuyele kokujwayelekile.

Ukuthatha

Izinga le-pH yegazi elingajwayelekile lingaba wuphawu lokuthi unokungalingani okuncane noma isimo sempilo. Ezimweni eziningi, i-pH yegazi lakho izolinganisela uma imbangela isiphelile noma yelashwa.

Ungadinga izivivinyo eziningana ukusiza udokotela wakho akuthole ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengegesi yegazi, i-glucose, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine
• ukuhlolwa komchamo
• X-ray esifubeni
• inhliziyo i-electrocardiogram (ECG)

Uma unesimo esingelapheki njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso, udokotela wakho angadinga ukuhlola amazinga e-pH egazi lakho njalo. Lokhu kusiza ukukhombisa ukuthi isimo sakho silawulwa kahle kanjani. Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha yonke imithi njengoba kunqunyiwe.

Uma kungekho zimo zezempilo, umzimba wakho ulawula i-pH yegazi lakho, futhi akuyona into okudingeka ukhathazeke ngayo.

Buza udokotela wakho ngokudla okuhle kakhulu nohlelo lokuzivocavoca ukuze uhlale uphilile.