Izinkinga zombono

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkinga zamehlo nokuphazamiseka kokubona, njenge:

• IHalos
• Ukubona okufiphele (ukulahleka kobukhali bokubona nokungakwazi ukubona imininingwane emihle)
• Amabala angaboni noma ama-scotomas ("izimbobo ezimnyama" embonweni lapho kungabonakali lutho)

Ukulahleka kombono nokungaboni yizinkinga zokubona ezinzima kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa kweso njalo kusuka kudokotela wamehlo noma kudokotela wamehlo kubalulekile. Kufanele zenziwe kanye ngonyaka uma ungaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65. Abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo minyaka yonke kusukela besebancane.

Uhamba isikhathi esingakanani phakathi kwezivivinyo kuncike ekutheni ungalinda isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuthola inkinga yamehlo engenazo izimpawu. Umhlinzeki wakho uzoncoma izivivinyo zangaphambilini nezenzeka njalo uma unezinkinga zamehlo ezaziwayo noma izimo ezaziwa ukuthi zidala izinkinga zamehlo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile zingavimbela izinkinga zamehlo nezokubona:

• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ukuvikela amehlo akho.
• Gqoka izingilazi zokuphepha lapho ukhanda, ugaya noma usebenzisa amathuluzi kagesi.
• Uma udinga izibuko noma amalensi oxhumana nawo, gcina incwadi kadokotela isesikhathini.
• Ungabhemi.
• Nciphisa ukuthi uphuza kangakanani utshwala.
• Hlala ngesisindo esinempilo.
• Gcina umfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol yakho ilawulwa.
• Gcina ushukela wegazi lakho ulawulwa uma unesifo sikashukela.
• Yidla ukudla okunothe ngama-antioxidants, njengemifino eluhlaza.

Izinguquko zombono nezinkinga kungadalwa yizimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zifaka:

• I-Presbyopia - Kunzima ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze. Le nkinga ivame ukubonakala ekuqaleni kweminyaka ephakathi kwama-40s.
• I-Cataract - Ukuqubuka phezu kwelensi yamehlo, kubangele ukungaboni kahle ebusuku, ama-halos azungeze amalambu, nokuzwela ekukhanyeni. Ama-cataract ajwayelekile kubantu asebekhulile.
• I-Glaucoma - Ukwanda kwengcindezi esweni, okuvame ukuthi kungabi buhlungu. Umbono uzoba yinto evamile ekuqaleni, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungaba nombono ongemuhle ebusuku, izindawo ezingaboni, nokulahleka kombono kolunye uhlangothi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma nazo zingenzeka ngokuzumayo, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
• Isifo samehlo sikashukela.
• Ukwehla kwe-Macular - Ukulahleka kombono ophakathi, ukungaboni kahle (ikakhulukazi ngenkathi kufundwa), umbono osontekile (imigqa eqondile izobonakala i-wavy), nemibala ebukeka ifiphele. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sobumpumputhe kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-60.
• Ukutheleleka kweso, ukuvuvukala, noma ukulimala.
• Izikhukhula - Izinhlayiya ezincane ezikhukhuleka ngaphakathi kweso, okungaba wuphawu lweqembu le-retinal.
• Ubumpumputhe basebusuku.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Retinal - Izimpawu zifaka ama-floaters, izinhlansi, noma ukukhanya kokukhanya kumbono wakho, noma ukuzwa komthunzi noma ikhethini elenga engxenyeni yensimu yakho ebonakalayo.
• I-Optic neuritis - Ukuvuvukala kwemizwa ye-optic ekuthelelekeni noma kwi-multiple sclerosis. Ungaba nobuhlungu lapho uhambisa iso lakho noma ulithinta ngejwabu leso.
• I-Stroke noma i-TIA.
• Isigaxa sobuchopho.
• Ukopha esweni.
• Temporal arteritis - Ukuvuvukala komthambo ebuchosheni onikeza igazi emthanjeni we-optic.
• Ikhanda le-Migraine - Amachashazi wamaphethini wokukhanya, ama-halos, noma ama-zigzag avela ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhanda.

Imithi ingaphazamisa umbono.

Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma unezinkinga ngokubona kwakho.

Funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kumhlinzeki onolwazi ekubhekaneni nezimo eziphuthumayo zamehlo uma:

• Uhlangabezana nobumpumputhe obuncane noma obugcwele emehlweni noma kuwo womabili amehlo, noma ngabe kungokwesikhashana.
• Uhlangabezana nombono ophindwe kabili, noma ngabe ungowesikhashana.
• Unokuzwa komthunzi okudonswa emehlweni akho noma ikhethini elidonswa ohlangothini, ngenhla, noma ngezansi.
• Amabala angaboni, ama-halos azungeze amalambu, noma izindawo zombono osontekile zivela ngokuzumayo.
• Unombono ofiphele ngokuzumayo ngobuhlungu bamehlo, ikakhulukazi uma iso nalo libomvu. Iso elibomvu, elibuhlungu nelifiphele kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele uma une:

• Inkinga yokubona izinto ngapha nangapha.
• Kunzima ukubona ebusuku noma lapho kufundwa.
• Ukulahleka kancane kancane kobukhali bombono wakho.
• Kunzima ukuhlukanisa imibala.
• Ukubona okufiphele lapho uzama ukubuka izinto eduze noma kude.
• Isifo sikashukela noma umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela.
• Ukulunywa kwamehlo noma ukukhipha.
• Izinguquko zombono ezibonakala zihlobene nemithi. (UNGAYEKI noma ushintshe umuthi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.)

Umhlinzeki wakho uzohlola umbono wakho, ukunyakaza kwamehlo, abafundi, ngemuva kweso lakho (elibizwa ngokuthi i-retina), nengcindezi yamehlo. Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuphelele kuzokwenziwa uma kudingeka.

Kuzoba wusizo kumhlinzeki wakho uma ungakwazi ukuchaza izimpawu zakho ngokunembile. Cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi:

• Ngabe inkinga ithinte umbono wakho?
• Ingabe kukhona ukufiphaza, ama-halos azungeze izibani, amalambu abenyezelayo, noma izindawo ezingaboni?
• Ingabe imibala ibonakala ifiphele?
• Ingabe unezinhlungu?
• Ingabe uzwela ekukhanyeni?
• Ngabe unokudwengula noma ukukhipha?
• Ingabe unesiyezi, noma kubonakala sengathi igumbi liyaphenduka?
• Ingabe unombono ophindwe kabili?
• Ingabe inkinga isehlo elilodwa noma womabili?
• Kwaqala nini lokhu? Ingabe kwenzeka ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane?
• Ingabe ihlala njalo noma ifika idlule?
• Kwenzeka kaningi kangakanani? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?
• Kwenzeka nini? Kusihlwa? Ekuseni?
• Ngabe kukhona okwenza kube ngcono? Okubi kakhulu?

Umhlinzeki uzokubuza futhi nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zamehlo oke waba nazo esikhathini esedlule:

• Ingabe lokhu kwake kwenzeka ngaphambili?
• Ngabe unikezwe imithi yamehlo?
• Wake wahlinzwa iso noma walimala?
• Ngabe usanda kuphuma ezweni?
• Ingabe zikhona izinto ezintsha ongazwana nazo, njengezinsipho, izifutho, izinto zokugcoba, okhilimu, izimonyo, imikhiqizo yokuwasha, amakhethini, amashidi, okhaphethi, upende, noma izilwane ezifuywayo?

Umhlinzeki uzobuza futhi ngomlando wakho wezempilo nowomndeni:

• Ingabe unakho ukungezwani okuthile okwaziwayo?
• Ugcine nini ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile?
• Ngabe kukhona imithi oyiphuzayo?
• Ingabe uke watholakala unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme?
• Hlobo luni lwezinkinga zamehlo amalungu omndeni wakho anazo?

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okukhanyisiwe
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani
• Ukuhlehlisa (ukuhlola izingilazi)
• I-Tonometry (ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yamehlo)

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu. Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka kwezinye izimo.

Ukukhubazeka kombono; Ukungaboni kahle; Ukubona okufiphele

• I-cataract - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ukufakelwa kwe-Corneal - ukukhipha
• Ukukhishwa kwe-corneal corneal - ukukhipha
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-corneal refractive - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho

• Amehlo awele
• Iso
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo
• I-Cataract - ukuvala iso
• I-cataract

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UFeldman HM, uChaves-Gnecco D. Izingane ezithuthukisayo / zokuziphatha. Ku: Zitelli, BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ama-eds. UZitelli noDavis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 3.

UJonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF, et al. Ukuhlolwa kombono ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya eminyakeni emihlanu: umbiko wobufakazi nokubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwe-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2017; 318 (9): 845-858. I-PMID: 28873167 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28873167/.

UThurtell MJ, uTomsak RL. Ukulahleka okubonakalayo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 16.