Ibhuloho elingaphansi lamakhala

Ibhuloho elingaphansi lamakhala kungukuthamba kwengxenye ephezulu yekhala.

Izifo zofuzo noma izifo zingadala ukwehla kokukhula kwebhuloho lamakhala.

Ukwehla kokuphakama kwebhuloho lamakhala kubonakala kahle ekubukeni kohlangothi kobuso.

Izimbangela zingafaka:

• I-Cleidocranial dysostosis
• Ugcunsula abazalwa nabo
• I-Down syndrome
• Ukuhluka okujwayelekile
• Amanye ama-syndromes akhona lapho ezalwa (azalwa naso)
• I-Williams syndrome

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unemibuzo ngokuma kwekhala lengane yakho.

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Umhlinzeki angabuza imibuzo ngomndeni wengane yakho nomlando wezokwelapha.

Izifundo zaselebhu zingabandakanya:

• Izifundo ze-Chromosome
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-enzyme (ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukala amazinga athile we-enzyme)
• Izifundo zeMetabolic
• Ama-X-ray

Ikhala lesali

• Ubuso
• Ibhuloho elingaphansi lamakhala

UFarrior EH. Amasu akhethekile we-rhinoplasty. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 32.

IMadan-Khetarpal S, i-Arnold G.Izinkinga zofuzo nezimo ze-dysmorphic. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ama-eds. UZitelli noDavis ’Atlas of Pediatric Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 1.

ISlavotinek AM. I-Dysmorphology. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 128.