Ubunzima bokuphefumula

Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungabandakanya:

• Ukuphefumula okunzima
• Ukuphefumula okungakhululekile
• Uzwa sengathi awutholi umoya owanele

Ayikho incazelo ejwayelekile yobunzima bokuphefumula. Abanye abantu bazizwa bephefumula umoya ngokuvivinya umzimba okuncane (ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi), yize bengenaso isimo sezempilo. Abanye bangaba nesifo samaphaphu esithuthukile, kepha bangaze bazizwe bephelelwa umoya.

Ukuqhaqhazela kungenye yezindlela zokuphefumula ezinzima lapho wenza khona umsindo ophakeme lapho uphefumula.

Ukuphefumula kunezimbangela eziningi ezahlukene. Isibonelo, isifo senhliziyo singadala ukuphefumula uma inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi elanele ukuletha umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho. Uma ubuchopho bakho, imisipha, noma ezinye izitho zomzimba zingatholi i-oxygen eyanele, umuzwa wokuphefumula ungahle uvele.

Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungaba futhi bube khona ngenxa yezinkinga zamaphaphu, izindiza, noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Izinkinga ngamaphaphu:

• Ukuqina kwegazi emithanjeni yamaphaphu (embolism pulmonary)
• Ukuvuvukala nokwakha amafinyila ezindimeni zomoya ezincane kakhulu emaphashini (i-bronchiolitis)
• Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD), esifana ne-bronchitis engapheli noma i-emphysema
• Inyumoniya
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme emithanjeni yamaphaphu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu)
• Ezinye izifo zamaphaphu

Izinkinga ngemigwaqo yomoya eholela emaphashini:

• Ukuvaleka kwezindima zomoya emakhaleni akho, emlonyeni, nasemphinjeni
• Ukuminca into ebhajwe ezindleleni zomoya
• Ukuvuvukala kuzungeze izintambo zamagama (croup)
• Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu (i-epiglottis) emboza i-windpipe (epiglottitis)

Izinkinga ngenhliziyo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi okuncane ngemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo (angina)
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kusukela ekuzalweni (isifo senhliziyo esibelethwe)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo (arrhythmias)

Ezinye izimbangela:

• Ukungezwani komzimba (okufana nokubumba, idander, noma impova)
• Ukuphakama okuphezulu lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo omncane emoyeni
• Ukuminyaniswa kodonga lwesifuba
• Uthuli emvelweni
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, njengokukhathazeka
• I-hiatal hernia (isimo lapho ingxenye yesisu idlulela khona ngokuvulwa kwesifo esifubeni)
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka
• I-anemia (i-hemoglobin ephansi)
• Izinkinga zegazi (lapho amangqamuzana akho egazi engakwazi ukuthatha oksijini ngokwejwayelekile; isifo i-methemoglobinemia siyisibonelo)

Kwesinye isikhathi, ubunzima bokuphefumula kancane bungajwayelekile futhi akusiyona imbangela yokukhathazeka. Ikhala eligcwele kakhulu liyisibonelo esisodwa. Ukuzivocavoca okunzima, ikakhulukazi uma ungazivocavoci njalo, ngesinye isibonelo.

Uma ubunzima bokuphefumula busha noma buba bubi kakhulu, kungahle kube ngenxa yenkinga enkulu. Yize izimbangela eziningi zingeyona ingozi futhi ziphathwa kalula, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo nganoma yibuphi ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Uma welashwa ngenkinga yesikhathi eside ngamaphaphu noma ngenhliziyo yakho, landela izinkomba zomhlinzeki wakho ukusiza ngaleyo nkinga.

Iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (njenge-911) uma:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula buza ngokuzumayo noma buphazamise kakhulu ukuphefumula kwakho nokukhuluma
• Othile uyeka ngokuphelele ukuphefumula

Bona umhlinzeki wakho uma kukhona okulandelayo okwenzeka ngezinkinga zokuphefumula:

• Ukungakhululeki kwesifuba, ubuhlungu, noma ingcindezi. Lezi yizimpawu ze-angina.
• Imfiva.
• Ukuphefumula okuncane ngemuva kokusebenza okuncane kuphela noma ngenkathi uphumule.
• Ukuphefumula okukuphaphamisa ebusuku noma okudinga ukuthi ulale uphakanyisiwe ukuze uphefumule.
• Ukuphefumula kancane ngokukhuluma okulula.
• Ukuqina emqaleni noma ukukhonkotha, ukukhwehlela.
• Uphefumule noma waminyelwa entweni (ukufisela into yangaphandle noma ukungenisa).
• Ukuqhuma.

Umhlinzeki uzokuhlola. Uzobuzwa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu. Imibuzo ingafaka phakathi ukuthi ube nobunzima obungakanani ekuphefumuleni nokuthi yaqala nini. Ungabuzwa futhi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini okuyiqinisayo nokuthi wenza imisindo yokububula noma yokuphefumula lapho uphefumula.

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• Ukugcwaliswa kwe-oxygen oxygen (i-pulse oximetry)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (kungafaka imithambo yegazi yegazi)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-Echocardiogram
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary

Uma ubunzima bokuphefumula bukhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi uye esibhedlela. Ungathola imithi yokwelapha imbangela yobunzima bokuphefumula.

Uma izinga lakho le-oksijeni egazini liphansi kakhulu, ungadinga i-oxygen.

Ukuphelelwa umoya; Ukuphefumula; Ukuphefumula kanzima; I-Dyspnea

• Ungaphefumula kanjani uma ushoda ngokuphefumula
• Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi - abantu abadala - ukukhipha
• Ukuphepha kwe-oksijeni
• Ukuhamba nezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Usebenzisa i-oxygen ekhaya

• Amaphaphu
• I-Emphysema

IBraithwaite SA, uPerina D.Dyspnea. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 22.

UKraft M. Indlela eya esigulini esinezifo zokuphefumula. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 83.

USchwartzstein RM, u-Adams L. Dyspnea. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 29.