Ukopha emathunjini

Ukopha emathunjini (GI) ukopha kusho noma yikuphi ukopha okuqala emgudwini wamathumbu.

Ukopha kungaqhamuka kunoma yiliphi isayithi eliseduze nepheshana le-GI, kepha kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngo:

• Ukopha okuphezulu kwe-GI: Ipheshana eliphezulu le-GI lifaka i-esophagus (ithubhu kusuka emlonyeni kuya esiswini), isisu, nengxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane.
• Ukopha okuphansi kwe-GI: Ipheshana elingezansi le-GI lifaka iningi lamathumbu amancane, amathumbu amakhulu noma amathumbu, i-rectum ne-anus.

Inani lokopha kwe-GI lingahle libe lincane kakhulu ukuthi lingatholwa kuphela ekuhlolweni kwelebhu njengokuhlolwa kwegazi lokungcola komlomo. Ezinye izimpawu zokopha kwe-GI zifaka:

• Izitokisi ezimnyama, ezilindile
• Amanani amakhulu egazi adlulile kusuka ku-rectum
• Amanani amancane egazi endishini yangasese, ephepheni lasendlini yangasese, noma emigqonyeni esitokisini (indle)
• Kuhlanza igazi

Ukopha okukhulu okuvela kupheshana le-GI kungaba yingozi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokuphuma okuncane kakhulu okwenzeka esikhathini eside kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjenge-anemia noma ukubalwa kwegazi okuphansi.

Lapho nje indawo eyophayo itholakele, izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ziyatholakala ukumisa ukopha noma ukwelapha imbangela.

Ukopha kwe-GI kungahle kube ngenxa yezimo ezingezimbi, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuqhuma kwesidunu
• Ama-hemorrhoids

Ukopha kwe-GI nakho kungaba uphawu lwezifo nemibandela ebucayi kakhulu. Lokhu kungafaka umdlavuza wepheshana le-GI njenge:

• Umdlavuza wekoloni
• Umdlavuza wamathumbu amancane
• Umdlavuza wesisu
• Ama-polyps emathunjini (isimo sangaphambi komdlavuza)

Ezinye izimbangela zokuphuma kwegazi nge-GI zingafaka:

• Imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile kulwelwesi lwamathumbu (olubizwa nangokuthi i-angiodysplasia)
• Ukopha kwe-diverticulum, noma i-diverticulosis
• Isifo seCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis
• Ama-varopha we-Esophageal
• Ukuqothuka kwesisu
• Isilonda esiswini (esiswini)
• Intussusception (amathumbu azisusele isibona ngokwawo)
• UMallory-Weiss uyakhala
• I-Meckel diverticulum
• Ukulimala kwemisebe emathunjini

Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwendle yasekhaya kwegazi elincane elinganconyelwa abantu abane-anemia noma ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wekoloni.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma:

• Unezitokisi ezimnyama, ezilindile (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokopha kwe-GI)
• Unegazi esitulweni sakho
• Uhlanza igazi noma uhlanza izinto ezibukeka njengezindawo zekhofi

Umhlinzeki wakho angathola ukopha kwe-GI ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ekuvakasheni kwakho kwehhovisi.

Ukopha kwe-GI kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Izikhukhula nemithi ngomthambo.
• I-Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Ishubhu elincanyana elinekhamera ekugcineni lidluliselwa emlonyeni wakho liye emphinjeni, esiswini, nasemathunjini amancane.
• Ishubhu ibekwa emlonyeni wakho ungene esiswini ukukhipha okuqukethwe yisisu (ukuhlanza esiswini).

Lapho isimo sakho sesizinzile, uzoba nokuhlolwa komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwesisu sakho. Uzobuzwa futhi imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi:

• Uziqaphele nini okokuqala izimpawu?
• Ngabe ubunezitokisi ezimnyama, ezihleliwe noma ezinegazi elibomvu ezitulweni?
• Usulihlanzile igazi?
• Ingabe uhlanze into ebukeka njengezindawo zekhofi?
• Unomlando wezilonda ezinamachiza noma ezinesilonda?
• Wake waba nezimpawu ezinjengalezi phambilini?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo?

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Iskena se-CT esiswini
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI yesisu
• I-x-ray yesisu
• I-Angiography
• Ukuskena ukopha (ukumakwa kweseli elibomvu legazi)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-Capsule endoscopy (iphilisi lekhamera eliginywayo ukubheka amathumbu amancane)
• Colonoscopy
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (i-CBC), ukuhlolwa kwe-clotting, ukubalwa kwama-platelet, nokunye ukuhlolwa kwelebhu
• I-Enteroscopy
• I-Sigmoidoscopy
• I-EGD noma i-esophago-gastro endoscopy

Ukopha okuphansi kwe-GI; Ukopha kwe-GI; Ukopha okuphezulu kwe-GI; IHematochezia

• Ukopha kwe-GI - uchungechunge
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomlingo we-Fecal

IKovacs TO, iJensen DM. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 135.

UMeguerdichian DA, uGoralnick E. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 27.

Igcina iTJ, Jensen DM. Ukopha emathunjini. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. ISleisenger neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 20.