Umchamo - umbala ongavamile

Umbala ojwayelekile womchamo u-yellow-yellow. Umchamo onemibala engajwayelekile ungaba namafu, ube mnyama, noma ube nombala wegazi.

Umbala womchamo ongajwayelekile ungabangelwa ukutheleleka, izifo, imithi, noma ukudla okudlayo.

Umchamo onamafu noma obisi uwuphawu lokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, nawo ongadala iphunga elibi. Umchamo obisi ubisi nawo ungabangelwa amagciwane, amakristalu, amafutha, amaseli egazi amhlophe noma abomvu, noma amafinyila emchameni.

Umchamo omnyama onsundu kodwa ocacile uyisibonakaliso sokuphazamiseka kwesibindi okufana ne-hepatitis enamandla noma i-cirrhosis, edala i-bilirubin eyeqile emchameni. Kungakhombisa nokuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni noma isimo esibandakanya ukuwohloka kwezicubu zemisipha ezaziwa ngokuthi i-rhabdomyolysis.

Umchamo obomvana, obomvu, noma okhanyayo ngokukhanyayo ungabangelwa:

• Ama-beet, amajikijolo, noma imibala ethile yokudla
• I-hemolytic anemia
• Ukulimala ezinso noma kumgudu wokuchama
• Umuthi
• I-Porphyria
• Izinkinga zomgudu womchamo obangela ukuphuma kwegazi
• Igazi elophuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane
• Isimila esinyeni noma ezinso

Umchamo omnyama ophuzi noma owolintshi ungadalwa yi:

• B amavithamini ayinkimbinkimbi noma i-carotene
• Imithi efana ne-phenazopyridine (esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithinta umchamo), i-rifampin, ne-warfarin
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamuva kwe-laxative

Umchamo oluhlaza noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungenxa yokuthi:

• Imibala yokufakelwa ekudleni noma ezidakamizweni
• I-Bilirubin
• Imithi, kufaka phakathi i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo

Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma une:

• Umbala womchamo ongajwayelekile ongachazwa futhi ongapheli
• Igazi emchameni wakho, ngisho kanye
• Umchamo ocacile, onsundu ngombala
• Umchamo opinki, obomvu, noma obhemayo ongahlangene nokudla noma umuthi

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwe-rectal noma kwe-pelvic. Umhlinzeki uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho ezifana nokuthi:

• Uqale nini ukubona ushintsho kumbala womchamo futhi ube nenkinga isikhathi esingakanani?
• Umchamo wakho unombala onjani futhi umbala uyashintsha emini? Uyalibona igazi emchameni?
• Ingabe zikhona izinto ezenza inkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zokudla obukade uzidla futhi uthatha imiphi imithi?
• Wake waba nezinkinga zomchamo noma zezinso esikhathini esedlule?
• Ngabe unezinye izimpawu (ezinjengobuhlungu, umkhuhlane, noma ukwanda kokoma)?
• Ingabe ukhona umlando womndeni wezinomdlavuza wezinso noma wesinye?
• Uyabhema noma uchayeka kugwayi ophathekayo obalulekile?
• Ngabe usebenza ngamakhemikhali athile afana nodayi?

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• I-Ultrasound yezinso nesinye noma i-CT scan
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Isiko lomchamo lokutheleleka
• I-cystoscopy
• I-cytology yomchamo

Ukuqhuma kombala komchamo

• Umgudu womchamo wabesifazane
• Umgudu womchamo wabesilisa

IGerber GS, iBrendler CB. Ukuhlolwa kwesiguli se-urologic: umlando, ukuhlolwa komzimba, nokuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis. Ku: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, ama-eds. ICampbell-Walsh Urology. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 1.

I-Landry DW, iBazari H. Indlela eya esigulini esinesifo so-renal. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 106.