Umbala wesikhumba ophundlekile

Umbala wesikhumba onamabala yizindawo lapho umbala wesikhumba ungalingani nezindawo ezikhanyayo noma ezimnyama. Isikhumba esinyakazayo noma esinamabala sisho izinguquko zemithambo yegazi esikhunjeni esidala ukubukeka okungajwayelekile.

Ukuguquguquka kwesikhumba okungajwayelekile noma okungajwayelekile kungabangelwa:

• Izinguquko ku-melanin, into ekhiqizwa kumaseli esikhumba enikeza isikhumba umbala wayo
• Ukukhula kwamagciwane noma ezinye izinto esikhunjeni
• Izinguquko zesitsha segazi (semithambo)
• Ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokuqubuka okuthile

Okulandelayo kungakhuphula noma kwehlise ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin:

• Izakhi zofuzo zakho
• Ukushisa
• Ukulimala
• Ukuvezwa yimisebe (njengokuvela elangeni)
• Ukuvezwa kuzinsimbi ezisindayo
• Izinguquko emazingeni ama-hormone
• Izimo ezithile ezifana ne-vitiligo
• Izifo ezithile zefungal
• Ukuqubuka okuthile

Ukuvezwa yilanga noma i-ultraviolet (UV) light, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi obizwa nge- psoralens, kungakhuphula umbala wesikhumba (pigmentation). Ukukhiqizwa kombala okwandisiwe kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hyperpigmentation, futhi kungavela ekuqubukeni okuthile kanye nokuchayeka elangeni.

Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kombala kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hypopigmentation.

Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba kungaba yisimo sabo, noma kungabangelwa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma ukuphazamiseka.

Ungakanani umbala wesikhumba onawo ongasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yiziphi izifo zesikhumba ongahle ube nazo. Isibonelo, abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo bazwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga nasemonakalisweni. Lokhu kuphakamisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kepha ngisho nakubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, ukukhanya kakhulu kwelanga kungaholela emdlavuzeni wesikhumba.

Izibonelo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ovame kakhulu yi-basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, ne-melanoma.

Ngokuvamile, ukuguqulwa kombala wesikhumba kuyisimonyo futhi akuthinti impilo yomzimba. Kepha, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kungenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko zombala. Olunye ushintsho lwe-pigment lungaba uphawu lokuthi usengozini yezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha.

Izimbangela zokuguqulwa kwe-pigment zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Izinduna
• Izindawo zeCafé-au-lait
• Ukusikeka, ukusikwa, amanxeba, ukulunywa yizinambuzane kanye nezifo ezincane zesikhumba
• I-Erythrasma
• I-Melasma (chloasma)
• I-Melanoma
• Izimvukuzane (nevi), isiqu sokugeza, noma i-nevi enkulu
• I-melanocytosis yesikhumba
• Pityriasis alba
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• AmaRash
• Ukuzwela elangeni ngenxa yokusabela komuthi noma izidakamizwa ezithile
• Ukushiswa yilanga noma ukushiswa yilanga
• I-Tinea versicolor
• Ukufaka i-sunscreen ngokungalingani, okuholela ezindaweni ezishile, i-tan, futhi akukho tan
• I-Vitiligo
• Ama-acanthosis nigricans

Kwezinye izimo, umbala wesikhumba ojwayelekile ubuya ngokwawo.

Ungasebenzisa okhilimu abahlanzekile abakhanyisa noma abakhanyise isikhumba ukunciphisa ukushintsha kombala noma ithoni yesikhumba lapho izindawo ezine-hypergigmented zikhulu noma zibonakala kakhulu. Buza udokotela wesikhumba sakho kuqala mayelana nokusebenzisa leyo mikhiqizo. Landela imiyalo esephakeji yokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani imikhiqizo enjalo.

I-Selenium sulfide (i-Selsun Blue), i-ketoconazole, noma i-tolnaftate (i-Tinactin) lotion ingasiza ekwelapheni i-tinea versicolor, okuwukutheleleka kwefungal okungabonakala njengamachashazi ane-hypopigmented. Faka isicelo njengoba kuqondiswe endaweni ethintekile nsuku zonke kuze kuphele amapeshi agqamile. I-Tinea versicolor ivame ukubuya, noma ngabe yelashwa.

Ungasebenzisa izimonyo noma odayi besikhumba ukufihla izinguquko zombala wesikhumba. I-Makeup ingasiza futhi ukufihla isikhumba esinamabala, kepha ngeke iselaphe inkinga.

Gwema ukushiswa yilanga ngokweqile futhi uvimbele ukuvikela ilanga nge-SPF okungenani engama-30. Isikhumba sishiswa yilanga kalula, futhi isikhumba esinegciwane singaba mnyama kakhulu. Kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, ukulimala kwesikhumba kungadala ukwanda ngokweqile kwaphakade.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma:

• Unezinguquko ezihlala njalo zombala wesikhumba ezingenayo imbangela eyaziwayo
• Uqaphela imvukuzane entsha noma okunye ukukhula
• Ukukhula okukhona kushintshe umbala, usayizi, noma ukubukeka

Udokotela uzohlola isikhumba sakho ngokucophelela abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Uzobuzwa futhi ngezimpawu zakho zesikhumba, njengalapho uqala ukubona ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba sakho, uma kuqale kungazelelwe, nokuthi ngabe ubulimele isikhumba.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukusikwa kwezilonda zesikhumba
• Isikhumba biopsy
• Isibani sokhuni (i-ultraviolet light) ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukwelashwa kuzoya ngokutholakala kwenkinga yesikhumba sakho.

IDyschromia; Ukuhamba

• Ama-acanthosis nigricans - ukusondela
• Ama-acanthosis nigricans esandleni
• I-Neurofibromatosis - indawo enkulu ye-cafe-au-lait
• I-Vitiligo - isidakamizwa esenziwe
• I-Vitiligo ebusweni
• Halo nevus

UCalonje E, uBrenn T, uLazar AJ, uBillings SD. Ukuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: Calonje E, Brenn T, Lazar AJ, Billings SD, eds. IMcKee's Pathology yeSikhumba. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 20.

IPatterson JW. Ukuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: Patterson JW, ed. I-Weedon's Skin Pathology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 11.

Ubriani RR, Clarke LE, Ming ME. Izinkinga ezingezona ezine-neoplastic zombala. Ku: Busam KJ, ed. Dermatopathology. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 7.