Inhliziyo ibubula

Ukukhononda kwenhliziyo kungomsindo ohlabayo, oweshoshayo, noma onomsindo ozwakala ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo. Umsindo ubangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okunesiphithiphithi (okunolaka) ngamaphayiphu enhliziyo noma eduze kwenhliziyo.

Inhliziyo inamagumbi ama-4:

• Amakamelo amabili aphezulu (i-atria)
• Amakamelo amabili aphansi (ama-ventricles)

Inhliziyo inama-valve asondela ngokushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye, okwenza igazi ligeleze liqonde ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Ama-valve atholakala phakathi kwamakamelo.

Ukububula kungenzeka ngezizathu eziningi, njenge:

• Lapho i-valve ingavali ngokuqinile futhi negazi livuza emuva (ukuphinda wenze kabusha)
• Lapho igazi ligeleza nge-valve yenhliziyo enciphile noma eqinile (stenosis)

Kunezindlela eziningana lapho umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angachaza khona ukukhononda:

• Ukububula kuhlukaniswa ("kuhlelwe") kuye ngokuthi ukukhononda kuzwakala kangakanani nge-stethoscope. Ukufakwa kusesilinganisweni. Ibanga ngingezwa kahle. Isibonelo sencazelo yokububula "ukukhononda kwebanga lesi-II / VI." (Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhononda kubanga lesi-2 esikalini sika-1 kuye ku-6).
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhononda kuchazwa yisigaba sokushaya kwenhliziyo lapho kuzwakala ukukhononda. Ukububula kwenhliziyo kungachazwa njenge-systolic noma i-diastolic. (ISystole kulapho inhliziyo icindezela igazi kanti i-diastole ilapho igcwala khona igazi.)

Lapho ukukhononda kubonakala kakhulu, umhlinzeki angakwazi ukukuzwa ngesandla sesandla ngaphezu kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "injabulo".

Izinto umhlinzeki azobheka ekuhlolweni zifaka:

• Ngabe ukukhononda kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo iphumule noma isebenza?
• Ingabe ihlala kuyo yonke inhliziyo?
• Ingabe kuyashintsha lapho uthuthela?
• Kungazwakala kwezinye izingxenye zesifuba, ngemuva, noma entanyeni?
• Kukuphi ukukhononda okuzwakala kakhulu?

Ukububula kwenhliziyo okuningi akunangozi. Lezi zinhlobo zokububula zibizwa ngokububula okungenacala. Ngeke zibangele noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinkinga. Ukububula okungenacala AKUDingi ukwelashwa.

Okunye ukukhononda kwenhliziyo kungakhombisa ukungajwayelekile enhliziyweni. Lokhu kububula okungavamile kungabangelwa:

• Izinkinga ze-aortic valve (i-aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis)
• Izinkinga ze-mitral valve (i-mitral stenosis engapheli noma ebucayi, i-mitral stenosis)
• I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Ukubuyiswa kwamapulmonary (ukubuyela emuva kwegazi ku-ventricle efanele, okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwe-valve yamaphaphu ukuvala ngokuphelele)
• I-pulmonary valve stenosis
• Izinkinga ze-tricuspid valve (tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis)

Ukukhononda okuphawulekayo ezinganeni kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangelwe:

• Ukubuya kwama-pulmonary venous venous (ukwakheka okungavamile kwemithambo yamaphaphu)
• I-Atrial septal defect (ASD)
• Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta
• I-Patent ductus arteriosus (i-PDA)
• Isici se-Ventricular septal (VSD)

Ukukhononda okuningi kungavela enhlanganisweni yezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Izingane zivame ukububula njengengxenye ejwayelekile yentuthuko. Lokhu kukhononda AKUDingi ukwelashwa. Zingafaka:

• Ukububula kokugeleza kwamaphaphu
• Namanje ukukhononda
• I-venous hum

Umhlinzeki angalalela imisindo yenhliziyo yakho ngokubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho. Uzobuzwa imibuzo ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu, njenge:

• Ngabe amanye amalungu omndeni abe nokububula noma eminye imisindo yenhliziyo engajwayelekile?
• Unomlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo?
• Ingabe unobuhlungu besifuba, uyaquleka, uphefumula kanzima, noma ezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula?
• Ngabe uke waba nokuvuvukala, ukuzuza kwesisindo, noma imithambo evuthayo entanyeni?
• Ingabe isikhumba sakho sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Umhlinzeki angakucela ukuthi ugaxe, ume, noma ubambe umoya wakho ngenkathi ubamba phansi noma ubamba okuthile ngezandla zakho ukulalela inhliziyo yakho.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-Echocardiography

Imisindo yesifuba - ukububula; Imisindo yenhliziyo - engavamile; Ukububula - okungenacala; Ukububula okungenacala; Ukububula kwenhliziyo ye-Systolic; Inhliziyo ye-diastolic ibubula

• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• Ama-valve enhliziyo

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I-Swartz MH. Inhliziyo. Ku: Swartz MH, ed. I-Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: Umlando Nokuhlolwa. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 14.