Ubuthulu bezinzwa

Ubuthulu bezinzwa luhlobo lokulahleka kokuzwa. Kwenzeka kusukela ekulimaleni kwendlebe yangaphakathi, inzwa egijima isuka endlebeni iye ebuchosheni (i-nerve auditory), noma ubuchopho.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Eminye imisindo ibonakala iphakeme kakhulu endlebeni eyodwa.
• Unezinkinga ekulandeleni izingxoxo lapho abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu bekhuluma.
• Unezinkinga zokuzwa ezindaweni ezinomsindo.
• Kulula ukuzwa amazwi abesilisa kunamazwi abesifazane.
• Kunzima ukutshela imisindo ephezulu kakhulu (efana ne- "s" noma "th") komunye nomunye.
• Amazwi abanye abantu azwakala ekhungathekile noma edidekile.
• Unenkinga yokuzwa lapho kunomsindo wangemuva.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ungekho ebhalansi noma isiyezi (esivame kakhulu ngesifo seMeniere kanye ne-acoustic neuromas)
• Ukukhala noma ukubhuza umsindo ezindlebeni (tinnitus)

Ingxenye engaphakathi yendlebe iqukethe amangqamuzana amancane ezinwele (iziphetho zezinzwa), aguqula imisindo ibe amasiginali kagesi. Izinzwa bese zihambisa lezi zimpawu ziye ebuchosheni.

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-Sensorineural (SNHL) kubangelwa ukulimala kulawa maseli akhethekile, noma kumicu yezinzwa endlebeni yangaphakathi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukulahleka kwezindlebe kubangelwa ukulimala kwenzwa ethwala amasiginali ayise ebuchosheni.

Ubuthulu obuzwayo obukhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (ukuzalwa) kuvame ukubangelwa:

• Ama-syndromes ezakhi zofuzo
• Ukutheleleka okudluliselwa ngumama enganeni yakhe esibelethweni (toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes)

I-SNHL ingahle ikhule ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala kamuva empilweni (etholwe) ngenxa yalokhu:

• Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuhlobene nobudala
• Isifo semithambo yegazi
• Izifo zomzimba
• Ukutheleleka, okufana ne-meningitis, uqwilikana, umkhuhlane obomvu, nesimungumungwane
• Ukulimala
• Imisindo emikhulu noma imisindo, noma imisindo ephezulu ehlala isikhathi eside
• Isifo seMeniere
• Isimila, njenge-acoustic neuroma
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile
• Ukusebenza ngokuzungeza imisindo emikhulu nsuku zonke

Kwezinye izimo, imbangela ayaziwa.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuthuthukisa ukuzwa kwakho. Okulandelayo kungasiza:

• Izinsiza-kuzwa
• Izikhulisi zefoni nezinye izinto ezisizayo
• Izinhlelo zokuphepha nezexwayiso zekhaya lakho
  
• Ulimi lwezandla (lwalabo abalahlekelwe kakhulu ukuzwa)
• Ukufundwa kwenkulumo (njengokufunda izindebe nokusebenzisa izinkomba zokubuka ukusiza ukuxhumana)

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kunganconywa kubantu abathile abanokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuzwa. Kuhlinzwa ukwenziwa ukubeka okufakelwayo. Ukufakwa kwenza imisindo ibonakale iphakeme, kepha akubuyisi ukuzwa okujwayelekile.

Uzofunda namasu wokuphila nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa nezeluleko zokwabelana nalabo abaseduze kwakho ngokukhuluma nomuntu onenkinga yokuzwa.

Izithulu zemizwa; Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa - inzwa; Ukuthola ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa; SNHL; Ukulahleka kokuzwa okwenziwe ngomsindo; NIHL; I-Presbycusis

• I-anatomy yendlebe

Ubuciko HA, Adams ME. Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa kubantu abadala. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 152.

Eggermont JJ. Izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Ku: Eggermont JJ, ed. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa. ICambridge, MA: I-Elsevier Academic Press; I-2017: isahluko 5.

U-Le Prell CG. Ukulahleka kokuzwa okubangelwe umsindo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 154.

I-National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders iwebhusayithi. Ukulahleka kokuzwa okubangelwe umsindo. I-NIH Pub. Inombolo 14-4233. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss. Kubuyekezwe ngoMeyi 31, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 23, 2020.

UShearer AE, uShibata SB, uSmith RJH. Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe zofuzo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 150.