I-Mammogram

I-mammogram isithombe se-x-ray samabele. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola izimila zamabele nomdlavuza.

Uzocelwa ukuthi ukhumule kusuka okhalweni kuye phezulu. Uzonikezwa ingubo yokugqoka. Kuya ngohlobo lwemishini esetshenzisiwe, uzohlala noma ume.

Isifuba esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye sibekwe endaweni eyisicaba equkethe ipuleti le-x-ray. Umshini obizwa ngokuthi i-compressor uzocindezelwa uqinile ngokuqinile esifubeni. Lokhu kusiza ukucaba izicubu zamabele.

Izithombe ze-x-ray zithathwe ezinhlangothini eziningana. Ungacelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya njengoba isithombe ngasinye sithathwa.

Ungacelwa ukuthi ubuye kamuva ukuze uthole ezinye izithombe ze-mammogram. Lokhu akusho njalo ukuthi unomdlavuza webele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angahle adinge ukuhlola kabusha indawo ebingabonakali kahle esivivinyweni sokuqala.

IZINHLOBO ZE-MAMMOGRAPHY

I-mammography yendabuko isebenzisa ifilimu, efana ne-x-ray ejwayelekile.

I-Digital mammography yindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke:

• Manje isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlola amabele.
• Ivumela isithombe se-x-ray sebele ukuthi sibukwe futhi senziwe ngendlela efanele esikrinini sekhompyutha.
• Kunganemba kakhudlwana kwabesifazane abasebancane abanamabele aminyene. Okwamanje akukaze kufakazelwe ukuthi kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yowesifazane yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza webele uma kuqhathaniswa ne-film mammography.

I-Three-dimensional (3D) mammography uhlobo lwe-digital mammography.

UNGAYisebenzisi into enamakha, amakha, izimpushana, noma izinto zokugcoba ngaphansi kwezingalo zakho noma emabeleni akho ngosuku lwe-mammogram. Lezi zinto zingase zifihle ingxenye yezithombe. Susa konke ubucwebe entanyeni nasesifubeni sakho.

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho kanye ne-x-ray technologist uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, noma ngabe uke waba ne-biopsy yebele.

Izindawo ze-compressor zingazizwa zibanda. Lapho isifuba sicindezelwe phansi, ungaba nobuhlungu obuthile. Lokhu kudinga ukwenziwa ukuthola izithombe ezisezingeni elihle.

Kufanele ube nini futhi kangaki ukuba ne-mammogram yokuhlola okufanele ukwenze. Amaqembu ochwepheshe abehlukene awavumelani ngokugcwele ngesikhathi esihle salolu vivinyo.

Ngaphambi kokwenza i-mammogram, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bokwenza isivivinyo. Buza mayelana:

• Ingozi yakho yomdlavuza webele
• Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kunciphisa amathuba akho okubulawa ngumdlavuza webele
• Noma ngabe kukhona yini ukulimala ekuhlolweni komdlavuza webele, njengemiphumela emibi evela ekuhlolweni noma ekwelashweni komdlavuza lapho kutholakala

Mammography kwenziwa ukuhlola abesifazane ukuthola umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi welapheke. I-Mammography ivame ukunconyelwa lokhu:

• Abesifazane abaqala eminyakeni engama-40, baphinda njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-2. (Lokhu akunconyelwe yizo zonke izinhlangano ezingongoti.)
• Bonke abesifazane abaqala eminyakeni yobudala engama-50, baphinda njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-2.
• Abesifazane abanomama noma udadewabo ababenomdlavuza webele esemncane kufanele bacabangele ama-mammograms minyaka yonke. Kufanele baqale ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala lapho ilungu labo lomndeni elincane kunazo zonke latholakala.

I-Mammography nayo isetshenziselwa:

• Landela owesifazane oye waba ne-mammogram engavamile.
• Linganisa owesifazane onezimpawu zesifo samabele. Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya isigaxa, ukuphuma kwengono, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuncipha kwesikhumba esifubeni, ushintsho lwengono, noma okunye okutholakele.

Izicubu zamabele ezingakhombisi zimpawu zesisindo noma zokubala kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.

Ukutholwa okungajwayelekile okuningi ku-mammogram yokuhlola kuvela ukuthi kuyingozi (hhayi umdlavuza) noma akukho okumele ukhathazeke ngakho. Okutholakele okusha noma izinguquko kumele kuqhubeke kuhlolwe.

Udokotela we-radiology (i-radiologist) angabona izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokutholwa ku-mammogram:

• Indawo echazwe kahle, ejwayelekile, necacile (lokhu kungenzeka kube yisimo esingenomdlavuza, njenge-cyst)
• IMisa noma izigaxa
• Izindawo eziminyene esifubeni okungaba umdlavuza webele noma zifihle umdlavuza webele
• Ukubalwa, okubangelwa yimali encane ye-calcium kuzicubu zesifuba (ukubalwa okuningi akulona uphawu lomdlavuza)

Ngezinye izikhathi, izivivinyo ezilandelayo ziyadingeka ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlolwa kokutholwa kwe-mammogram:

• Ukubukwa okungeziwe kwe-mammogram, kufaka phakathi ukuboniswa kokukhulisa noma kokucindezela
• I-ultrasound yamabele
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba se-MRI (okungajwayelekile ukwenziwa)

Ukuqhathanisa i-mammogram yakho yamanje kuma-mammograms akho adlule kusiza udokotela we-radiologist akutshele ukuthi ngabe uthole ukutholwa okungavamile esikhathini esidlule nokuthi kushintshile yini.

Lapho imiphumela ye-mammogram noma ye-ultrasound ibukeka isolisa, kwenziwa i-biopsy ukuhlola isicubu bese kubhekwa ukuthi sinomdlavuza yini. Izinhlobo ze-biopsies zifaka:

• I-Stereotactic
• I-Ultrasound
• Vula

Izinga lemisebe liphansi futhi noma iyiphi ingozi evela ku-mammography iphansi kakhulu. Uma ukhulelwe futhi udinga ukuhlolwa okungajwayelekile, indawo yakho yesisu izombozwa futhi ivikelwe nge-apron ehamba phambili.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-mammography okujwayelekile akwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngenkathi uncelisa.

Mammography; Umdlavuza webele - i-mammography; Umdlavuza webele - ukuhlolwa kwe-mammography; Isigaxa sesifuba - i-mammogram; I-tomosynthesis yamabele

• Ibele lesifazane
• Izigaxa zamabele
• Izimbangela zezigaxa zamabele
• Indlala yesifuba
• Ukukhishwa okungavamile engonweni
• Ukuguqulwa kwesifuba se-Fibrocystic
• Isimame

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society. Izincomo zeAmerican Cancer Society zokutholakala kokuqala komdlavuza webele. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 3, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

I-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) iwebhusayithi. I-ACOG Practice Bulletin: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele nokuhlolwa kwabesifazane abanobungozi obuphakathi. www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Gynecology/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-and-Screening-in-Average-Risk-Women. Cha. 179, Julayi 2017. Ifinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Kubuyekezwe ngoJuni 19, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 18, 2019.

Siu AL; I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza webele: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. U-Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. I-PMID: 26757170 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757170.