Ukuhlolwa kokuhlushwa komchamo

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlushwa komchamo kukala amandla ezinso ukonga noma ukukhipha amanzi.

Kulolu vivinyo, ubukhulu bomchamo, ama-electrolyte womchamo, kanye / noma i-osmolality yomchamo kulinganiswa ngaphambi nangemva kokukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:

• Ukulayisha amanzi. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi noma ukuthola uketshezi ngomthambo.
• Ukuncishwa kwamanzi. Ukungaphuzi uketshezi isikhathi esithile.
• Ukuphathwa kwe-ADH. Ukuthola i-antidiuretic hormone (ADH), okufanele yenze ukuthi umchamo ugxile.

Ngemuva kokunikeza isampula yomchamo, ihlolwa khona manjalo. Ngamandla adonsela phansi womchamo, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo usebenzisa idipiki eyenziwe ngephedi ezwela umbala. Umbala we-dipstick uyashintsha futhi utshele umhlinzeki ubukhulu bomchamo wakho. Ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick kunikeza imiphumela emibi kuphela. Ukuze uthole umphumela onembe kakhudlwana wamandla adonsela phansi noma ukulinganiswa kwama-electrolyte womchamo noma i-osmolality, umhlinzeki wakho uzothumela isampula yakho yomchamo ebhodini.

Uma kudingeka, umhlinzeki wakho uzokucela ukuthi uqoqe umchamo wakho ekhaya ngaphezu kwamahora angama-24. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu. Landela imiyalo ngqo.

Yidla ukudla okujwayelekile, okulinganiselayo izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokunika imiyalo yokulayisha amanzi noma ukuncishwa kwamanzi.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokucela ukuthi umise okwesikhashana noma yimiphi imithi engathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela umhlinzeki wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo, kufaka phakathi i-dextran ne-sucrose. Ungayeki ukuthatha noma imuphi umuthi ngaphambi kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho.

Phinda utshele umhlinzeki wakho uma usanda kuthola idayi efakwa emthanjeni (okuphakathi kokuqhathanisa) yokuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge-CT noma i-MRI scan. Idayi nayo ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukuchama okuvamile kuphela. Akukho ukungakhululeki.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi isifo sikashukela esiphakathi siyi-insipidus. Ukuhlolwa kungasiza ukutshela leso sifo esivela ku-nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa futhi uma unezimpawu zesifo se-ADH engafanele (SIADH).

Ngokuvamile, amanani ajwayelekile wamandla adonsela phansi athile ahamba kanjena:

• 1.005 kuya ku-1.030 (amandla adonsela phansi ajwayelekile)
• 1.001 ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi amaningi ngokweqile
• Ngaphezu kuka-1.030 ngemuva kokugwema uketshezi
• Kugxilwe ngemuva kokuthola i-ADH

Ububanzi bamanani ajwayelekile bungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Amanye amalebhu asebenzisa izilinganiso ezahlukahlukene noma avivinye amasampula ahlukile. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlushwa komchamo okwandisiwe kungahle kube ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene, njenge:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukulahlekelwa uketshezi lomzimba (ukoma emzimbeni) okuvela kuhudo noma ukujuluka ngokweqile
• Ukuncipha komthambo wezinso (i-renal arterial stenosis)
• Ushukela, noma i-glucose, emchameni
• Isifo semfihlo se-antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
• Ukuhlanza

Ukwehla kokuhlushwa komchamo kungakhombisa:

• Isifo sikashukela insipidus
• Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso (ukulahlekelwa amandla okubuyisela amanzi kabusha)
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwezinso (pyelonephritis)

Azikho izingozi ngalokhu kuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kokulayishwa kwamanzi; Ukuhlolwa kokuphela kwamanzi

• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlushwa komchamo
• Umgudu womchamo wabesifazane
• Umgudu womchamo wabesilisa

UFogazzi GB, Garigali G. Urinalysis. Ku: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, abahleli. I-Nephrology Yomtholampilo Ephelele. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 4.

URiley RS, uMcPherson RA. Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo komchamo. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhla ka-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 28.