Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo

Umnkantsha wamathambo izicubu ezithambile ezingaphakathi kwamathambo ezisiza ukwakha amangqamuzana egazi. Itholakala engxenyeni engenalutho yamathambo amaningi. Isifiso somnkantsha wethambo ukususwa kwenani elincane lalesi sicubu esisesimweni samanzi ukuze sihlolwe.

Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo akufani nokwenziwa komnkantsha wethambo. I-biopsy isusa umgogodla wezicubu zethambo ukuze ihlolwe.

Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo kungenziwa ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wezempilo noma esibhedlela. Umnkantsha wamathambo uyasuswa ethanjeni lakho lesifuba noma lesifuba. Kwesinye isikhathi, kukhethwa elinye ithambo.

Umongo ususwa ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Uma kudingeka, unikezwa umuthi ozokusiza uphumule.
• Umhlinzeki uhlanza isikhumba bese ejova umuthi oyindikimba endaweni nangaphezulu kwethambo.
• Inaliti ekhethekile ifakwa ethanjeni. Inaliti inephubhu enamathiselwe kuyo, edala ukuncela. Isampula elincane lomnkantsha wethambo ligelezela kubhubhu.
• Inaliti iyasuswa.
• Ingcindezi bese kufakwa ibhandishi esikhunjeni.

Uketshezi lomnkantsha luyathunyelwa elabhorethri bese luhlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Tshela umhlinzeki:

• Uma uxabana nanoma imiphi imithi
• Uma ukhulelwe
• Uma unezinkinga zokopha
• Imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo

Uzozwa ukuzwa nokushisa okuncane lapho kusetshenziswa umuthi onikelayo. Ungazizwa unengcindezi njengoba inaliti ifakwa ethanjeni, kanye nokuzwela okubukhali futhi okuvamise ukuba buhlungu njengoba umnkantsha ukhishwa. Lo muzwa uhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.

Udokotela wakho angalalela lokhu kuhlolwa uma unezinhlobo ezingavamile noma izinombolo zamaseli abomvu noma amhlophe egazi noma ama-platelets ku-count ephelele yegazi.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga:

• I-anemia (ezinye izinhlobo)
• Izifo
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• Eminye imidlavuza yegazi nokuphazamiseka

Kungasiza ukunquma ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze noma usabele ekwelashweni.

Umnkantsha wethambo kufanele ube nenombolo nezinhlobo ezifanele ze:

• Amaseli akha igazi
• Izicubu ezixhuma
• Amaseli amafutha

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingahle ibangelwe umdlavuza womnkantsha wethambo, kufaka phakathi:

• I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphocytic (BONKE)
• I-leukemia enamandla kakhulu (AML)
• I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli (CLL)
• I-leukemia engapheli yomzimba (CML)

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingabangelwa ezinye izimbangela, njenge:

• Umnkantsha wethambo awenzi amaseli wegazi anele (i-aplastic anemia)
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma ukhunta okusakazeke emzimbeni wonke
• Umdlavuza wezicubu zomzimba (i-Hodgkin noma i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Isifo sokopha esibizwa nge-idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• Umdlavuza wegazi ubizwa (multiple myeloma)
• Ukuphazamiseka lapho umnkantsha ubuyiselwa khona yizicubu ezibomvu (myelofibrosis)
• Ukuphazamiseka lapho kwenziwa amaseli egazi anempilo anele (i-myelodysplastic syndrome; i-MDS)
• Inani eliphansi ngokungajwayelekile lama-platelets, asiza igazi ukuba linqume (i-primary thrombocytopenia)
• Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana amhlophe wegazi obizwa ngeWaldenström macroglobulinemia

Kungaba nokopha endaweni yokubhoboza. Izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu, njengokuphuma kwegazi okunzima noma ukutheleleka, akuvamile kakhulu.

I-Iliac crest kampompi; Umpompi ongaphakathi; I-leukemia - ukufisa umnkantsha; I-aplastic anemia - ukufisa umnkantsha; I-Myelodysplastic syndrome - ukufisa umnkantsha; I-thrombocytopenia - ukufisa umnkantsha; I-Myelofibrosis - ukufisa umnkantsha

• Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo
• I-Sternum - ukubuka kwangaphandle (ngaphambili)

IBates I, uBurthem J. Bone umnkantsha we-biopsy. Ku: Bain BJ, Bates I, Laffan MA, eds. UDacie noLewis I-Hematology Esebenzayo. Umhla ka-12. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 7.

IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. Ukuhlaziywa komnkantsha we-Bone - isampuli (i-biopsy, ithambo lensimbi lomnkantsha, ibala lensimbi, umnkantsha). Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ama-eds. Ukuhlolwa Kwelabhoratri Nezinqubo Zokuxilonga. Umhlaka 6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: 241-244.

I-Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwegazi nomnkantsha. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhla ka-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 30.