Ukuhlehlisa

I-refraction ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okulinganisa isilinganiso somuthi somuntu sezibuko zamehlo noma amalensi oxhumana naye.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngudokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo. Bobabili laba bachwepheshe bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi "udokotela wamehlo."

Uhlala esihlalweni esinomshini okhethekile (obizwa nge-phoroptor noma i-refractor) onamathele kuso.Ubheka ngale divayisi bese ugxila eshadini leso eliqhele ngamamitha ayi-6. Idivayisi iqukethe amalensi wamandla ahlukene angahanjiswa ekubukweni kwakho. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa iso elilodwa ngasikhathi.

Udokotela wamehlo uzobe esebuza ukuthi ngabe ishadi livela licace ngokwengeziwe noma ngaphansi lapho amalensi ahlukene ekhona.

Uma ugqoka amalensi oxhumana nawo, buza udokotela ukuthi ngabe udinga ukuwasusa nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Akukho ukungakhululeki.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile. Inhloso ukunquma ukuthi unephutha lokuphikisa (isidingo sengilazi noma amalensi wokuxhumana).

Kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 abanombono ojwayelekile webanga kepha ubunzima ngombono oseduze, ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kunganquma amandla afanele okufunda izibuko.

Uma umbono wakho ongalungisiwe (ngaphandle kwezingilazi noma amalensi wokuxhumana) ujwayelekile, khona-ke iphutha lokuphindisela elingu-zero (iplano) futhi umbono wakho kufanele ube ngu-20/20 (noma u-1.0).

Inani lama-20/20 (1.0) ngumbono ojwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungafunda izinhlamvu ezi-3/8-intshi (1 centimeter) ezinyaweni ezingama-20 (6 metres). Usayizi wohlobo oluncane uyasetshenziswa ukunquma okujwayelekile eduze kombono.

Unephutha lokubuyisa uma udinga inhlanganisela yamalensi ukubona i-20/20 (1.0). Izibuko noma amalensi wokuxhumana kufanele akunikeze umbono omuhle. Uma unephutha lokukhipha, unayo "incwadi kadokotela." Umuthi wakho kadokotela uchungechunge lwezinombolo ezichaza amandla wamalensi adingekayo ukukwenza ubone kahle.

Uma umbono wakho wokugcina ungaphansi kuka-20/20 (1.0), ngisho nangamalensi, kungenzeka ukuthi kunenye inkinga, engeyona eyeso lakho.

Izinga lokubona olifinyelelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuphinda ubizwe libizwa ngokuthi i-acuity ebonakalayo elungiswe kahle (BCVA).

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingabangelwa:

• I-Astigmatism (i-cornea egobile ngokungajwayelekile ebangela ukungaboni kahle)
• Hyperopia (ukubona kude)
• I-Myopia (ukubona eduze)
• I-Presbyopia (ukungakwazi ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze ezikhula ngobudala)

Ezinye izimo lapho ukuhlolwa kungenziwa khona:

• Izilonda ze-Corneal kanye nezifo
• Ukulahleka kombono obukhali ngenxa yokonakala kwe-macular
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal (ukuhlukaniswa kolwelwesi oluzwela ukukhanya (i-retina) ngemuva kweso kusuka ezingxenyeni zalo ezisekelayo)
• Ukuvaleka kwesitsha se-retinal (ukuvinjelwa emthanjeni omncane ohambisa igazi ku-retina)
• I-Retinitis pigmentosa (ukuphazamiseka okuzuzwe njengefa kwe-retina)

Azikho izingozi ngalokhu kuhlolwa.

Kufanele uhlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwengu-5 uma ungenankinga. Uma umbono wakho ufiphala, uba kubi, noma uma kukhona ezinye izinguquko ezibonakalayo, hlela ukuhlolwa zisuka nje.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-40 (noma kubantu abanomlando womndeni we-glaucoma), izivivinyo zamehlo kufanele zihlelwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuhlola i-glaucoma. Noma ngubani onesifo sikashukela kufanele ahlolwe iso okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Abantu abanephutha lokuphikisa kufanele bahlolwe iso njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-2, noma lapho umbono wabo ushintsha.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo - ukukhanywa; Ukuhlolwa kombono - ukukhishwa; Ukuhlehlisa

• Umbono ojwayelekile

UChuck RS, uJacobs DS, uLee JK, et al; I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology Iphethini Yokuzijwayeza Ephakanyisiwe / Iphaneli Yokungenelela. Amaphutha wokubonisa kanye nokuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngokhombisi Iphethini Yokuzikhethela Ekhethwayo. I-Ophthalmology. 2018; 125 (1): 1-104. I-PMID: 29108748 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29108748.

UFeder RS, u-Olsen TW, uPrum BE Jr, et al; I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwabantu abadala okuphelele okuncomekayo imihlahlandlela yephethini yokwenza. I-Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. I-PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

U-Wu A. Ukuphinda umtholampilo. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 2.3.