I-Echocardiogram

I-echocardiogram isivivinyo esisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo. Isithombe nolwazi olukhiqizayo lunemininingwane eminingi kunesithombe esijwayelekile se-x-ray. I-echocardiogram ayikuvezi emisebeni.

I-ECHOCARDIOGRAM YOKUDLULA (TTE)

I-TTE uhlobo lwe-echocardiogram abantu abaningi abazoba nayo.

• I-sonographer eqeqeshiwe yenza isivivinyo. Udokotela wenhliziyo (udokotela wenhliziyo) uhumusha imiphumela.
• Ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-transducer libekwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene esifubeni nasesiswini sangaphezulu bese liqondiswa enhliziyweni. Lolu cingo ludedela amaza omsindo aziwa kakhulu.
• I-transducer ithatha ama-echoes amagagasi omsindo bese iwadlulisa njengemizwa kagesi. Umshini we-echocardiography uguqula lezi zinkanuko zibe izithombe ezihambayo zenhliziyo. Namanje izithombe ziyathathwa.
• Izithombe zingaba ngakubili noma zibe ntathu. Uhlobo lwesithombe luzoncika engxenyeni yenhliziyo ehlolwayo nohlobo lomshini.
• I-Doppler echocardiogram ihlola ukunyakaza kwegazi ngenhliziyo.

I-echocardiogram ikhombisa inhliziyo ngenkathi ishaya. Kubonisa futhi ama-valve enhliziyo nezinye izakhiwo.

Kwezinye izimo, amaphaphu akho, izimbambo, noma izicubu zomzimba wakho kungavimbela amagagasi omsindo nama-echoes ekunikezeni isithombe esicacile sokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Uma lokhu kuyinkinga, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angajova inani elincane loketshezi (umehluko) nge-IV ukuze abone kangcono ingaphakathi lenhliziyo.

Imvamisa, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okuthe xaxa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezikhethekile ze-echocardiography.

I-ECHOCARDIOGRAM YOKUGUQULA (TEE)

Kwi-TEE, umhlane womphimbo wakho uphonyiwe futhi ishubhu elide eliguqukayo kodwa eliqinile (elibizwa ngokuthi "iphenyo") elinomshini omncane we-ultrasound transducer ekugcineni lifakwa emphinjeni wakho.

Udokotela wenhliziyo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile uzoqondisa ubukhulu phansi kwesisu nasesiswini. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuthola izithombe ezicacile ze-echocardiographic zenhliziyo yakho. Umhlinzeki angasebenzisa lokhu kuhlola ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka (i-endocarditis) amahlule egazi (i-thrombi), noma ezinye izakhiwo ezingajwayelekile noma ukuxhumana.

Azikho izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-TTE. Uma une-TEE, ngeke ukwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa:

• Uzodinga ukukhumula izingubo zakho kusuka okhalweni uye phezulu ulale etafuleni lezivivinyo ngomhlane.
• Ama-electrode azobekwa esifubeni sakho ukuqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.
• Inani elincane le-gel lisakazeka esifubeni sakho bese i-transducer izohanjiswa esikhunjeni sakho. Uzozwa ukucindezelwa okuncane esifubeni sakho kusuka ku-transducer.
• Ungacelwa ukuthi uphefumule ngandlela thile noma ugingqe uhlangothi lwakho lwesobunxele. Kwesinye isikhathi, kusetshenziswa umbhede okhethekile ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale endaweni efanelekile.
• Uma une-TEE, uzothola imishanguzo yokuthambisa (yokuphumula) ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe iphenyo futhi kufuthwe uketshezi oluyindikimba ngemuva komqala wakho.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuhlola ama-valves namakamelo enhliziyo avela ngaphandle komzimba wakho. I-echocardiogram ingasiza ukuthola:

• Amaphayiphu enhliziyo angajwayelekile
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (ukungajwayelekile okukhona lapho kuzalwa)
• Ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo kusukela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo
• Inhliziyo ibubula
• Ukuvuvukala (i-pericarditis) noma uketshezi esikhwameni esizungeze inhliziyo (i-pericardial effusion)
• Ukutheleleka ngaphakathi noma eduze kwama-valve enhliziyo (i-endocarditis esithathelwanayo)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu
• Amandla enhliziyo okupompa (kubantu abanokwehluleka kwenhliziyo)
• Umthombo we-clot yegazi ngemuva kwesifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA

Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma i-TEE uma:

• Okuvamile (noma kwe-TTE) akucaci. Imiphumela engacacile ingabangelwa ukuma kwesifuba sakho, isifo samaphaphu, noma amafutha omzimba amaningi.
• Indawo yenhliziyo idinga ukubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe.

I-echocardiogram ejwayelekile yembula ama-valve evamile enhliziyo namakamelo nokunyakaza kodonga lwenhliziyo okujwayelekile.

I-echocardiogram engavamile ingasho izinto eziningi. Okunye okungajwayelekile kuncane kakhulu futhi akubeki zingcuphe ezinkulu. Okunye okungajwayelekile kuyizimpawu zesifo senhliziyo esibi. Uzodinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nguchwepheshe kuleli cala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngemiphumela ye-echocardiogram yakho nomhlinzeki wakho.

Azikho izingozi ezaziwayo ezivela kuhlolo lwangaphandle lwe-TTE.

I-TEE inqubo ehlaselayo. Kunengozi ethile ehambisana nokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukusabela emithini yokuthambisa.
• Ukulimala komphimbo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu uma usuvele unenkinga nge-esophagus yakho.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezingozi ezihambisana nalokhu kuhlolwa.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingakhombisa:

• Isifo se-valve senhliziyo
• I-Cardiomyopathy
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Pericardial
• Okunye okungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola nokuqapha izimo eziningi zenhliziyo ezihlukene.

I-echocardiogram yeTransthoracic (TTE); I-Echocardiogram - i-transthoracic; I-Doppler ultrasound yenhliziyo; I-surface echo

• Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi

I-Otto CM. I-Echocardiography. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 55.

USolomon SD, uWu JC, uGillam L, uBulwer B. Echocardiography. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 14.