Izinguquko zokuguga emathanjeni - imisipha - amalunga

Izinguquko ekumeni nasekuhambeni (iphethini yokuhamba) zivamile ngokuguga. Izinguquko esikhunjeni nasezinweleni nazo zivamile.

Amathambo ahlinzeka ukwesekwa nokwakheka komzimba. Amalunga yizindawo lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo. Vumela amathambo ukuthi aguquguquke ukunyakaza. Ngokuhlanganyela, amathambo awaxhumani ngqo. Esikhundleni salokho, zigcinwa uqwanga emalungeni, ulwelwesi lwe-synovial oluzungeze ilunga, noketshezi.

Imisipha inikeza amandla namandla okuhambisa umzimba. Ukudidiyela kuqondiswa ubuchopho, kepha kuthinteka yizinguquko ezicutshini nasemalungeni. Izinguquko emisipheni, emalungeni nasemathanjeni zithinta ukuma nokuhamba, futhi kuholele ebuthakathakeni nasekuhambeni okuhamba kancane.

IZINGUQUKO EZIKHULU

Abantu balahlekelwa isisindo samathambo noma ukuqina njengoba bekhula, ikakhulukazi abesifazane ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Amathambo alahlekelwa i-calcium namanye amaminerali.

Umgogodla wakhiwa ngamathambo abizwa ngama-vertebrae. Phakathi kwethambo ngalinye kunomcamelo ofana ne-gel (obizwa nge-disk). Ngokuguga, indawo yomzimba (isiqu) iba mfushane njengoba amadiski kancane kancane elahlekelwa uketshezi futhi eba mncane.

IVertebrae futhi ilahlekelwa okunye kokuqukethwe kwamaminerali, okwenza ithambo ngalinye libe mncane. Ikholomu lomgogodla ligobile futhi licindezelwe (lihlanganiswe ndawonye). I-Bone spurs ebangelwa ukuguga nokusetshenziswa ngokuphelele komgogodla nayo ingakha kuma-vertebrae.

Imengamo yezinyawo iye ingabonakali kakhulu, okufaka ekulahlekelweni okuncane kokuphakama.

Amathambo amade ezingalo nemilenze ayaqhekeka ngenxa yokulahleka kwamaminerali, kepha awashintshi ubude. Lokhu kwenza izingalo nemilenze kubukeke kukude uma kuqhathaniswa nesiqu esifushane.

Amalunga ayaqina futhi angaguquguquki. Uketshezi emajoyini lungancipha. Uqwanga lungaqala luguqane futhi luphele. Amaminerali angafaka futhi azungeze amanye amalunga (calcification). Lokhu kuvamile ehlombe.

Amalunga we-Hip namadolo angaqala ukulahlekelwa uqwanga (izinguquko eziwohlozayo). Amalunga omunwe alahlekelwa uqwanga namathambo akhuluphele kancane. Izinguquko ezihlangene zeminwe, ezivame ukuvuvukala ngamathambo okuthiwa ama-osteophyte, zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Lezi zinguquko zingazuzwa njengefa.

Isisindo somzimba esinciphile sincipha. Lokhu kwehla kubangelwa ukulahleka kwezicubu zemisipha (i-atrophy). Ijubane nenani lokushintshwa kwemisipha kubonakala sengathi kubangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Izinguquko zemisipha zivame ukuqala kuma-20s kwabesilisa naku-40s kwabesifazane.

I-Lipofuscin (i-pigment ehlobene nobudala) namafutha kufakwa ezicutshini zemisipha. Imicu yemisipha iyancipha. Izicubu zemisipha zithathelwa indawo kancane kancane. Izicubu zemisipha ezilahlekile zingashintshwa ngezicubu ezinzima ezinemicu. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ezandleni, ezingabukeka zizacile futhi zinamathambo.

Imisipha ayinamathoni amancane futhi ayikwazi ukungenelela ngenxa yezinguquko ezicutshini zemisipha nezinguquko ezijwayelekile zokuguga ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Imisipha ingaba lukhuni ngeminyaka futhi ingalahlekelwa yithoni, noma ngabe uvivinya umzimba njalo.

UMPHUMELA WOKUGUQUKA

Amathambo ayaqina futhi angahle aphuke kalula. Ukuphakama sekukonke kuyancipha, ikakhulukazi ngoba isiqu nomgogodla kuyancipha.

Ukuwohloka kwamalunga kungaholela ekuvukeleni, ebuhlungu, ekuqineni nasekukhubazekeni. Izinguquko ezihlangene zithinta cishe bonke abantu asebekhulile. Lezi zinguquko zivela ekuqineni okuncane kuya ku-arthritis enamandla.

Ukuma kungahle kukhothame (kugobile). Amadolo nezinqe kungashintsha kakhulu. Intamo ingahle itsheke, futhi amahlombe anciphe ngenkathi i-pelvis iba banzi.

Ukuhamba kuhamba kancane futhi kungancipha. Iphethini yokuhamba (i-gait) iyahamba kancane futhi ibe mfushane. Ukuhamba kungahle kungazinzi, futhi kuncane ukushwiba kwengalo. Abantu abadala bakhathala kalula futhi banamandla amancane.

Amandla nokukhuthazela kuyashintsha. Ukwehla kwesisindo semisipha kunciphisa amandla.

IZINKINGA EZIVAMILE

I-osteoporosis iyinkinga ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane asebekhulile. Amathambo aphuka kalula. Ukuphuka kokucindezelwa kwama-vertebrae kungadala ubuhlungu futhi kunciphise ukuhamba.

Ubuthakathaka bemisipha bufaka isandla ekukhathaleni, ebuthakathakeni, nasekunciphiseni ukubekezelelana komsebenzi. Izinkinga ezihlangene ezisukela ekuqineni okuncane kuya ekunciphiseni i-arthritis (i-osteoarthritis) zivame kakhulu.

Ingozi yokulimala iyanda ngoba izinguquko ze-gait, ukungazinzi, kanye nokulahleka kwebhalansi kungaholela ekuweni.

Abanye abantu asebekhulile baye banciphisa ukucabanga. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa izinguquko emisipheni nasemithanjeni, kunokushintsha kwezinzwa. Ukwehla kwe-knee jerk noma i-ankle jerk reflexes kungenzeka. Olunye ushintsho, njenge-Babinski reflex enhle, akuyona ingxenye ejwayelekile yokuguga.

Ukunyakaza kokuzithandela (ukuthuthumela kwemisipha nokunyakaza okuhle okubizwa nge-fasciculations) kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile. Abantu abadala abangasebenzi bangaba nobuthakathaka noma ukuzwa okungavamile (paresthesias).

Abantu abangakwazi ukuzihambela bodwa, noma abangazeluli imisipha yabo ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, bangathola izinkontileka zemisipha.

UKUVIMBELA

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwehlisa noma ukuvimbela izinkinga ngemisipha, amalunga namathambo. Uhlelo lokuzivocavoca olulinganiselayo lungakusiza ugcine amandla, ukulinganisela, nokuguquguquka. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kusiza amathambo ukuthi ahlale eqinile.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo olusha lokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okunomsoco onenqwaba ye-calcium. Abesifazane kudingeka baqaphele ikakhulukazi ukuthola i-calcium eyanele novithamini D njengoba bekhula. Abesifazane nabesilisa abangemuva kweminyaka engama-70 kufanele bathathe i-1,200 mg ye-calcium ngosuku. Abesifazane nabesilisa abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70 kufanele bathole ama-vitamin D angama-800 amazwe ngamazwe (IU) nsuku zonke. Uma une-osteoporosis, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokwelashwa kadokotela.

IZIHLOKO EZIHLOBENE

• Izinguquko zokuguga kokuma komzimba
• Izinguquko zokuguga ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone
• Izinguquko zokuguga ezithweni, kwizicubu nasemangqamuzaneni
• Izinguquko zokuguga ohlelweni lwezinzwa
• I-calcium ekudleni
• I-osteoporosis

I-osteoporosis nokuguga; Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuhambisana nokuguga; I-osteoarthritis

• I-osteoarthritis
• I-osteoarthritis
• I-osteoporosis
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukwakheka kokuhlanganiswa

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UWalston JD. I-sequelae ejwayelekile yomtholampilo yokuguga. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.

I-Weber TJ. I-osteoporosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 230. UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-US. Izikhungo Zezempilo Zikazwelonke, iwebhusayithi ye-Office of Dietary Supplements. UVitamin D: iphepha lamaqiniso labasebenzi bezempilo. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 11, 2020. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 27, 2020.