Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kweLASIK

I-LASIK ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo okuguqula unomphela ukwakheka kwe-cornea (isembozo esicacile ngaphambili kweso). Kwenziwa ukuthuthukisa umbono nokunciphisa isidingo somuntu sezibuko noma amalensi wokuxhumana.

Ukuze ubone kahle, i-cornea yeso kanye nelensi kufanele igobeke (kukhanye) imisebe yokukhanya kahle. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe ukuthi zigxile ku-retina. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izithombe zizofiphala.

Lokhu kufiphala kubizwa ngokuthi "iphutha lokubuyisa." Kubangelwa ukungafani kahle phakathi kokuma kwe-cornea (curvature) nobude beso.

I-LASIK isebenzisa i-excimer laser (i-ultraviolet laser) ukususa ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu zomzimba. Lokhu kunikeza i-cornea ukwakheka okusha ukuze imisebe yokukhanya igxile ngokucacile ku-retina. I-LASIK ibangela ukuthi i-cornea ibe mncane.

I-LASIK inqubo yokuhlinza ngaphandle. Kuzothatha imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15 ukwenza iso ngalinye.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubulala izinzwa esetshenzisiwe amaconsi wamehlo enza ubuso bamehlo bube ndikindiki. Inqubo yenziwa lapho uphapheme, kepha uzothola umuthi ozokusiza uphumule. I-LASIK ingenziwa ngeso elilodwa noma womabili amehlo ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ukwenza inqubo, i-flap of corneal tissue yenziwa. Lesi sigaxa sihluthwa emuva ukuze i-excimer laser ikwazi ukubumba kabusha izicubu zomzimba ezingezansi. Ihenjisi ku-flap liyivimbela ekuhlukanisweni ngokuphelele ne-cornea.

Lapho i-LASIK iqala ukwenziwa, ummese okhethekile ozenzakalelayo (i-microkeratome) wasetshenziselwa ukusika i-flap. Manje, indlela ejwayelekile futhi ephephe kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlobo olwehlukile lwe-laser (femtosecond) ukudala i-corneal flap.

Inani lezicubu zomzimba i-laser elizosusa libalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokubala lokhu ngokuya ngezici eziningana kufaka phakathi:

• Izibuko zakho noma umuthi welensi yokuxhumana
• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili, okulinganisa ukuthi ukukhanya kuhamba kanjani ngeso lakho
• Isimo se-cornea surface yakho

Lapho ukwakhiwa kabusha sekuphelile, udokotela ohlinzayo ungena esikhundleni bese evikela i-flap. Azikho iziqu ezidingekayo. I-cornea ngokwemvelo izobamba ichopho endaweni yayo.

I-LASIK ivame ukwenziwa kubantu abasebenzisa izingilazi noma ama-contact lens ngenxa yokubona eduze (myopia). Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukubona kude. Kungase futhi kulungise i-astigmatism.

I-FDA kanye neAmerican Academy of Ophthalmology benze imikhombandlela yokunquma abazongenela ukhetho lwe-LASIK.

• Kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka eyi-18 (ama-21 kwezinye izimo, kuya nge-laser esetshenzisiwe). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umbono ungaqhubeka nokushintsha kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18. Okuhlukile okungajwayelekile yingane eneso elilodwa eliseduze kakhulu nelinye iso elijwayelekile. Ukusebenzisa i-LASIK ukulungisa iso eliseduze kakhulu kungavimbela i-amblyopia (iso elvilaphayo).
• Amehlo akho kumele aphile kahle futhi nomuthi wakho uzinze. Uma ubonelwa eduze, kufanele uhlehlise i-LASIK kuze kube isimo sakho sizinzile. Ukubona eduze kungaqhubeka nokwanda kwabanye abantu kuze kube maphakathi neminyaka engama-20.
• Isidakamizwa sakho kufanele sibe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obungalungiswa nge-LASIK.
• Kufanele ube nempilo enhle ejwayelekile. I-LASIK kungenzeka inganconywa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, isifo samathambo, i-lupus, i-glaucoma, ukutheleleka kwe-herpes kweso, noma i-cataract. Kufanele uxoxe ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo.

Ezinye izincomo:

• Linganisa izingozi nemivuzo. Uma ujabulile ngokugqoka amalensi noma izibuko zokuxhumana, ungahle ungafuni ukuhlinzwa.
• Qiniseka ukuthi unokulindela okungokoqobo ekuhlinzweni.

Kubantu abane-presbyopia, i-LASIK ayikwazi ukulungisa umbono ukuze iso elilodwa likwazi ukubona kude nakude. Noma kunjalo, i-LASIK ingenziwa ukuvumela iso elilodwa ukuthi libone eduze nelinye kude. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "monovision." Uma ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalokhu kulungiswa, kungaqeda noma kunciphise isidingo sakho sokufunda izingilazi.

Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka kuhlinzwe iso elilodwa kuphela. Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi ungokhetho, buza ngobuhle nobubi bawo.

Akufanele ube nale nqubo uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, ngoba lezi zimo zingathinta izilinganiso zamehlo.

Akufanele ube nale nqubo uma uthatha imishanguzo ethile kadokotela, njenge-Accutane, Cardarone, Imitrex, noma i-oral prednisone.

Izingozi zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-Corneal
• Izilonda ze-corneal noma izinkinga ezingapheli ngokuma kwe-cornea, okwenza kube nzima ukugqoka amalensi wokuxhumana
• Nciphisa ukuzwela ngokungafani, noma ngabe unombono ka-20/20, izinto zingabonakala zibhidlikile noma mpunga
• Amehlo omile
• I-Glare noma i-halos
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya
• Izinkinga zokushayela ebusuku
• Amapeshi abomvu noma abomvana emhlophe esweni (imvamisa okwesikhashana)
• Ukwehlisa umbono noma ukulahleka kombono unomphela
• Ukuklwebheka

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kuzokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amehlo akho aphilile. Olunye uvivinyo luzokwenziwa ukukala ukugobeka kwe-cornea, ubukhulu babafundi ekukhanyeni nasebumnyameni, iphutha lokubuyisa amehlo, nobukhulu be-cornea (ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uzoba nezicubu zomzimba ezanele ezisele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa).

Uzosayina ifomu lokuvuma ngaphambi kwenqubo. Leli fomu liqinisekisa ukuthi uyabazi ubungozi benqubo, izinzuzo, okunye ongakhetha kukho, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa:

• Ungahle ube nokushisa, ukunwaya, noma umuzwa wokuthi okuthile kusesweni. Lo muzwa awuhlali ngaphezu kwamahora angu-6 ezimweni eziningi.
• Kuzobekwa isihlangu samehlo noma isichibi phezu kweso ukuvikela i-flap. Kuzosiza futhi ukuvimbela ukugcotshwa noma ukucindezelwa esweni kuze kube yilapho ithole isikhathi esanele sokuphola (imvamisa ubusuku bonke).
• Kubaluleke kakhulu UKUTHI ungahlikihli iso ngemuva kwe-LASIK, ukuze i-flap ingadedisi noma inyakaze. Emahoreni ayisithupha okuqala, gcina iso livaliwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Udokotela anganikeza umuthi wezinhlungu ophansi kanye nesidambisi.
• Umbono uvame ukufiphala noma ube mfiliba ngosuku lokuhlinzwa, kepha ukufiphala kuzothuthuka ngosuku olulandelayo.

Shayela udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha uma unezinhlungu ezinzima noma yiziphi izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho okuhleliwe kokulandela (amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa).

Ekuhambeleni kokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kuzosuswa isihlangu samehlo futhi udokotela uzohlola iso lakho futhi avivinye ukubona kwakho. Uzothola amaconsi wamehlo ukusiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokuvuvukala.

Ungashayeli kuze kube yilapho umbono wakho usuthuthuke ngokwanele ukwenza lokho ngokuphepha. Ezinye izinto okufanele uzigweme zifaka:

• Ukubhukuda
• Amabhavu ashisayo neziphepho
• Xhumana nezemidlalo
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-lotion, okhilimu, nokwenza izimonyo wamehlo amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-4 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokunika imiyalo ethile.

Umbono wabantu abaningi uzozinza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa kwabanye abantu, kungathatha izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-3 kuya kwezi-6.

Inani elincane labantu lingadinga ukuthi liphinde lihlinzwe ngoba umbono ungaphezulu noma ulungiswe kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi, kusazodingeka ukuthi ugqoke amalensi noma izibuko zokuxhumana.

Abanye abantu badinga ukuhlinzwa kwesibili ukuze bathole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Yize ukuhlinzwa kwesibili kungathuthukisa ukubona ibanga, kungahle kungakhululi ezinye izimpawu, njengokukhanya, ama-halos, noma izinkinga ngokushayela ebusuku. Lezi yizikhalazo ezijwayelekile kulandela ukuhlinzwa kwe-LASIK, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa indlela endala. Lezi zinkinga zizophela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, inani elincane labantu lingaqhubeka libe nezinkinga ngokukhanya.

Uma umbono wakho webanga ulungisiwe nge-LASIK, kungenzeka ukuthi usazodinga izibuko zokufunda eminyakeni yobudala engama-45.

I-LASIK ivame ukwenziwa e-United States kusukela ngo-1996. Abantu abaningi babonakala benokuthuthuka kombono okuzinzile nokuhlala njalo.

I-Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis; Ukulungiswa kombono we-Laser; Ukubona eduze - Lasik; I-Myopia - Lasik

• Ukukhishwa kwe-corneal corneal - ukukhipha
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-corneal refractive - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho

• Ukuhlinzwa kweso kweLasik - uchungechunge

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