Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-West Nile

Igciwane i-West Nile yisifo esisatshalaliswa omiyane. Isimo sisuka kobumnene kuye kwesinzima.

Igciwane le-West Nile laqala ukubonakala ngo-1937 e-Uganda empumalanga ye-Afrika. Kwatholakala okokuqala e-United States ehlobo lika-1999 eNew York. Kusukela lapho, igciwane lisabalale kulo lonke elase-US.

Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile lisakazeka lapho umiyane uluma inyoni enalesi sifo bese uluma umuntu.

Omiyane baphatha inani eliphakeme kakhulu legciwane ekuqaleni kwekwindla, yingakho abantu abaningi bethola lesi sifo ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Njengoba isimo sezulu siba sibanda nomiyane bafa, zimbalwa izimo zesifo.

Yize abantu abaningi belunywa omiyane abaphethe igciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile, iningi labo alazi ukuthi linalo.

Izingozi zokuthuthukisa uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwegciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile zifaka:

• Izimo ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba, njenge-HIV / AIDS, ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwakamuva
• Umdala noma umncane kakhulu
• Ukukhulelwa

Igciwane le-West Nile lingasakazeka ngokumpontshelwa igazi nokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba. Kungenzeka ukuthi umama onegciwane asakaze igciwane enganeni yakhe ngobisi lwebele.

Izimpawu zingavela ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuya kweziyi-14 ngemuva kokutheleleka. Isifo esincane, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiWest Nile fever, singadala ezinye noma zonke izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu nomphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukungabi nesifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nohudo
• I-Rash
• Ama-lymph node avuvukile

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6, kepha zingathatha inyanga.

Izinhlobo zezifo ezinzima kakhulu zibizwa nge-West Nile encephalitis noma i-West Nile meningitis, kuya ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingenzeka, futhi zidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha:

• Ukudideka noma ukuguqula ikhono lokucabanga kahle
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ikhoma
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Intamo eqinile
• Ubuthakathaka bengalo noma umlenze owodwa

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane le-West Nile ziyefana nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo. Kungase kungabikho okutholakele okuqondile ekuhlolweni komzimba. Cishe isigamu sabantu abanesifo segciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile bangaba nokuqubuka.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthola igciwane le-West Nile kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma umpompi womgogodla ukuhlola amasosha omzimba alwa negciwane
• Iskena sekhanda le-CT
• Iskena sekhanda le-MRI

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo asibangelwa amagciwane, ama-antibiotic awelapheki ngegciwane le-West Nile. Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuba nezinkinga ekuguleni okukhulu.

Abantu abanegciwane elincane leNtshonalanga yeNayile benza kahle ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Kulabo abanesifo esibi, umbono awuqinisekile. I-West Nile encephalitis noma i-meningitis ingaholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo nasekufeni. Umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi onokuvuvukala kobuchopho akasindi.

Izinkinga ezivela ekuthelelekeni kwegciwane elincane laseNtshonalanga Nile akuvamile.

Izinkinga ezivela ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane le-West Nile ezinzima zifaka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ubuthakathaka obuhlala njalo bemisipha (kwesinye isikhathi bufana novendle)
• Ukufa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane le-West Nile, ikakhulukazi uma kungenzeka ukuthi waxhumana nomiyane. Uma ugula kakhulu, hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Akukho muthi wokwelashwa wokugwema ukuthola ukutheleleka ngegciwane laseWest Nile ngemuva kokulunywa omiyane. Abantu abanempilo enhle ngokuvamile abakutholi ukutheleleka okuyingozi eNtshonalanga Nile.

Indlela engcono yokuvikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane laseNtshonalanga Nile ukugwema ukulunywa omiyane:

• Sebenzisa imikhiqizo ephikisana nomiyane equkethe i-DEET
• Gqoka imikhono emide namabhulukwe
• Khipha amachibi amanzi amile, njengemigqomo kadoti nososo bezitshalo (omiyane bazalela emanzini amile)

Ukufafaza komphakathi omiyane nakho kunganciphisa ukuzalanisa omiyane.

I-Encephalitis - iNayile eNtshonalanga; I-Meningitis - iNtshonalanga yeNayile

• Umiyane, ukudla kwabantu abadala esikhunjeni
• Umiyane, isiphungumangathi
• Umiyane, isihlenga samaqanda
• Umiyane, omdala
• Amamenyu wobuchopho

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Igciwane le-West Nile. www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 10, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 7, 2018.

UNaides SJ. Ama-Arboviruses abangela umkhuhlane nama-syndromes wokuqubuka. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 382.

UThomas SJ, u-Endy TP, uRothman AL, uBarrett AD. Ama-Flaviviruses (udenga, i-yellow fever, i-encephalitis yaseJapan, i-West Nile encephalitis, iSt. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 155.