Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamathambo

Ukuhlolwa kwe-bone mineral density (BMD) kukala ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium nezinye izinhlobo zamaminerali ezisendaweni yethambo lakho.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthola ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo futhi abikezele ubungozi bakho bokuphuka kwamathambo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana.

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu futhi enembile isebenzisa ukuskena okubili kwe-x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). I-DEXA isebenzisa ama-x-ray anomthamo ophansi. (Uthola imisebe eyengeziwe kusuka ku-x-ray yesifuba.)

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuskena kwe-DEXA:

• ICentral DEXA - Ulala etafuleni elithambile. Iskena sidlula umgogodla nesinqe sakho esiphansi. Ezimweni eziningi, awudingi ukukhumula. Lokhu kuskena isivivinyo esihle kakhulu sokubikezela ubungozi bakho bokuphuka, ikakhulukazi okhalweni.
• I-Peripheral DEXA (p-DEXA) - Le mishini emincane ilinganisa ubukhulu bamathambo esihlakaleni sakho, eminwe, emlenzeni, noma esithendeni. Le mishini isemahhovisi okunakekelwa kwezempilo, emakhemisi, ezikhungweni zezitolo, nasemibukisweni yezempilo.

Uma ukhulelwe noma ungakhulelwa, tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa.

UNGAThathi izithasiselo ze-calcium amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Uzotshelwa ukuthi ususe zonke izinto zensimbi emzimbeni wakho, ezinjengobucwebe namabhakede.

Iskena asibuhlungu. Udinga ukuhlala uzolile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bone mineral density (BMD) kusetshenziselwa:

• Xilonga ukulahleka kwamathambo namathambo
• Bona ukuthi umuthi we-osteoporosis usebenza kahle kanjani
• Ukubikezela ubungozi bakho bokuphuka kwamathambo esikhathini esizayo

Kunconywa ukuhlolwa kobukhulu bamathambo kubo bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu.

Akukho sivumelwano esiphelele sokuthi ngabe amadoda kufanele yini enze lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa. Amanye amaqembu ancoma ukuhlolwa kwamadoda eneminyaka engama-70, kanti amanye athi ubufakazi abucaci ngokwanele ukusho ukuthi abesilisa kule minyaka bayazuza yini ngokuhlolwa.

Abesifazane abasebasha, kanye nabesilisa banoma yibuphi ubudala, bangadinga futhi ukuhlolwa kwamathambo uma banezici zobungozi be-osteoporosis. Lezi zici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ukuqhekeka kwethambo ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50
• Umlando womndeni onamandla we-osteoporosis
• Umlando wokwelashwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye noma umdlavuza webele
• Umlando wezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo samathambo, isifo sikashukela, ukungalingani kwe-thyroid, noma i-anorexia nervosa
• Ukunqamuka kokuqala kokuya esikhathini (kungaba ngezimbangela zemvelo noma i-hysterectomy)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi efana ne-corticosteroids, i-hormone yegilo, noma i-aromatase inhibitors
• Isisindo somzimba esiphansi (esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu ayi-127) noma inkomba yomzimba ophansi (ngaphansi kuka-21)
• Ukulahleka okuphawulekayo kokuphakama
• Ugwayi wesikhathi eside noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho ivame ukubikwa njenge-T-score ne-Z-score:

• I-T-score iqhathanisa ubukhulu bamathambo akho nowesifazane osemusha onempilo.
• I-Z-score iqhathanisa ubukhulu bamathambo akho nabanye abantu bobudala bakho, ubulili, nohlanga.

Ngamaphuzu amabili, inombolo engemihle isho ukuthi unamathambo amancane kunesilinganiso. Uma inani elibi kakhulu, kukhuphuka ubungozi bakho bokuphuka kwethambo.

I-T-score ingaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile uma ingu -1.0 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamaminerali akutholi ukuqhekeka. Kanye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi ongaba nazo, kusiza ukubikezela ubungozi bakho bokuqhekeka kwamathambo ngokuzayo. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokusiza uqonde imiphumela.

Uma i-T-score yakho ingu:

• Phakathi kuka -1 no--2.5, ungahle ulahlekelwe amathambo kusenesikhathi (i-osteopenia)
• Ngezansi -2.5, kungenzeka une-osteoporosis

Incomo yokwelashwa incike engcupheni yokuphuka kwakho okuphelele. Le ngozi ingabalwa kusetshenziswa isilinganiso se-FRAX. Umhlinzeki wakho angakutshela kabanzi ngalokhu. Ungathola futhi imininingwane mayelana ne-FRAX online.

Ubuningi bamathambo busebenzisa inani elincane lemisebe. Ochwepheshe abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi ingozi iphansi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zokuthola i-osteoporosis ngaphambi kokuba uphule ithambo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-BMD; Ukuvivinywa kwamathambo; I-densitometry yamathambo; Ukuskena kwe-DEXA; I-DXA; Amandla we-x-ray absorptiometry; p-DEXA; I-osteoporosis - iBMD; I-x-ray absorptiometry engabili

• Iskena sokuqina kwamathambo
• I-osteoporosis
• I-osteoporosis

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UKendler D, Almohaya M, Almehthel M. Dual x-ray absorptiometry nokukalwa kwethambo. Ku: Hochberg MC, Gravallese EM, Silman AJ, Smolen JS, Weinblatt ME, Weisman MH, abahleli. I-Rheumatology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 51.

Umsebenzi Wokuvikela Wezinsizakalo Zase-US; UCurry SJ, uKrist AH, u-Owens DK, et al. Ukuhlolisiswa kwamathambo ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka: Isitatimende sezincomo se-US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 319 (24): 2521-2531. I-PMID: 29946735 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29946735/.

I-Weber TJ. I-osteoporosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 230.