Isigaxa sendlala yegilo

I-nodule ye-thyroid ukukhula (isigaxa) endleni yegilo. Indlala yegilo ikhona ngaphambili entanyeni, ngenhla nje lapho amathambo akho e-collar ahlangana khona phakathi.

Amaqhubu endlala yegilo abangelwa ukugcwala kwamaseli endlala yegilo. Lokhu kukhula kungaba:

• Hhayi umdlavuza (ubungozi), umdlavuza wegilo (onobungozi), noma kuyaqabukela, eminye imidlavuza noma izifo
• Okugcwele uketshezi (ama-cysts)
• I-nodule eyodwa noma iqembu lamaqhubu amancane
• Ukukhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid (i-nodule eshisayo) noma ungenzi ama-hormone e-thyroid (i-nodule ebandayo)

Amaqhubu endlala yegilo ajwayelekile kakhulu. Zenzeka kaningi kwabesifazane kunakubesilisa. Ithuba lomuntu lokuthola i-nodule ye-thyroid landa ngokukhula.

Kunamaqhuqhuva ambalwa wegilo kuphela ngenxa yomdlavuza wegilo. I-nodule ye-thyroid kungenzeka ibe ngumdlavuza uma:

• Yiba ne-nodule eqinile
• Yiba ne-nodule enamathele ezakhiweni eziseduze
• Unomlando womndeni womdlavuza wegilo
• Ngibone ushintsho ezwini lakho
• Bangaphansi kuka-20 noma ngaphezulu kuka-70
• Unomlando wokuchayeka ngemisebe ekhanda noma entanyeni
• Abesilisa

Izimbangela zamaqhubu e-thyroid azitholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha zingafaka:

• Isifo sikaHashimoto's (ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba ngokulwa nendlala yegilo)
• Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni

Iningi lamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid awazibangeli izimpawu.

Amaqhuqhuva amakhulu angacindezela ezinye izakhiwo entanyeni. Lokhu kungadala izimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• I-goiter ebonakalayo (indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe)
• Ukubola noma ukushintsha kwezwi
• Ubuhlungu entanyeni
• Izinkinga ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma ulele phansi
• Izinkinga zokugwinya ukudla

Amaqhuqhuva akhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid kungenzeka abangele izimpawu zedlala le-thyroid elisebenza ngokweqile, kufaka phakathi:

• Isikhumba esifudumele, esijulukile
• Ishayela Fast and palpitations
• Ukwanda kwesifiso
• Ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukuphumula noma ukulala kabi
• Ukuqhakaza isikhumba noma ukuqhuma
• Ukuhamba kwamathumbu kaningi
• Ukuthuthumela
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Izikhathi zokuya esikhathini ezingajwayelekile noma ezilula

Abantu abadala abane-nodule ekhiqiza i-hormone eningi ye-thyroid bangaba nezimpawu ezingacacile kuphela, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukukhathala
• Ukushaya kancane
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukulahleka kwememori

Amaqhubu endlala yegilozi kwesinye isikhathi atholakala kubantu abanesifo sikaHashimoto. Lokhu kungadala izimpawu zegciwane le-thyroid elingasebenzi, njenge:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Isikhumba esomile
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso
• Ukukhathala
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele
• Ukuzwa ukubanda lapho abanye abantu bengakwenzi
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo
• Izikhathi zokuya esikhathini ezingajwayelekile

Imvamisa, amaqhuqhuva avelisi zimpawu. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukuthola amaqhubu e-thyroid ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba okujwayelekile noma ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okwenziwa ngesinye isizathu. Abantu abambalwa banezigaxa ze-thyroid ezikhulu ngokwanele ukuthi bazibonela ngokwabo i-nodule bese becela umhlinzeki ukuthi ahlole intamo yabo.

Uma umhlinzeki ethola i-nodule noma unezimpawu ze-nodule, lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo zingenziwa:

• Izinga le-TSH nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-thyroid
• I-ultrasound yegilo
• Ukuskena kwe-thyroid (umuthi wenuzi)
• I-biopsy aspiration biopsy enhle ye-nodule noma yama-nodules amaningi (kwesinye isikhathi nokuhlolwa okukhethekile kofuzo kuzicubu ze-nodule)

Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe konke noma ingxenye yendlala yakho yegilo uma i-nodule ingu:

• Ngenxa yomdlavuza wegilo
• Kubangela izimpawu ezifana nezinkinga zokugwinya noma zokuphefumula
• Uma inaliti i-biopsy enhle ingaphelele, futhi umhlinzeki wakho akakwazi ukusho ukuthi i-nodule iwumdlavuza yini
• Ukwenza i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu

Abantu abanezigaxa ezenza i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu bangaphathwa nge-radioiodine therapy. Lokhu kunciphisa ubukhulu nomsebenzi we-nodule. Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abesifazane abasancelisa ibele abanikezwa le ndlela yokwelashwa.

Kokubili ukuhlinzwa ukususa izicubu ze-thyroid gland kanye nokwelashwa kwe-iodine enemisebe kungadala i-hypothyroidism yempilo yonke (i-thyroid engasebenzi). Lesi simo sidinga ukwelashwa ngokufakwa esikhundleni sehomoni yegilo (umuthi wansuku zonke).

Kumaqhuqhuva angenalo umdlavuza angabangeli izimpawu futhi angakhuli, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kungaba:

• Ukulandelelwa ngokucophelela ngokuhlolwa komzimba ne-ultrasound
• I-biopsy ye-thyroid iphindaphindwe izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-12 ngemuva kokuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi uma i-nodule isikhulile

Okunye ukwelashwa okungenzeka ukwelashwa ngomjovo we-ethanol (alcohol) ku-nodule ukuze unciphise.

Amaqhubu we-thyroid angadli umdlavuza awasongeli impilo. Eziningi azidingi ukwelashwa. Izivivinyo zokulandelela zanele.

Umbono womdlavuza we-thyroid uncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza. Ngezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza we-thyroid, umbono muhle kakhulu ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma uzizwa noma ubona isigaxa entanyeni yakho, noma uma unezimpawu zesigaxa segilo.

Uma uvezwe yimisebe ebusweni noma entanyeni, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho. I-ultrasound yentamo ingenziwa ukubheka amaqhubu we-thyroid.

Isimila se-thyroid - i-nodule; I-adenoma yegilo - i-nodule; I-carcinoma yegiloza - i-nodule; Umdlavuza wegilo - nodule; Isigameko se-thyroid; I-nodule eshisayo; I-cold nodule; I-Thyrotoxicosis - i-nodule; Hyperthyroidism - i-nodule

• Ukususwa kwendlala yegilo - ukukhishwa

• Indlala yegilo yegilo

UHaugen BR, u-Alexander EK, i-Bible KC, et al.Imihlahlandlela yokuphathwa kwe-2015 American Thyroid Association yeziguli zabantu abadala ezinamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid nomdlavuza we-thyroid owehlukanisayo: I-American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Indlala yegilo. 2016; 26 (1): 1-133. I-PMID: 26462967 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462967/.

UFiletti S, uTuttle M, uLeboulleux S, u-Alexander EK. I-nontoxic isabalalisa i-goiter, ukuphazamiseka kwe-nodular thyroid, kanye ne-thyroid malignancies. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 14.

UJonklaas J, Cooper DS. Indlala yegilo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 213.