Ukuvaleka kwe-vein yokubuyisa

Ukuvalelwa kwe-vein retinal ukuvimba kwemithambo emincane ethwala igazi lisuke kwi-retina. I-retina ungqimba lwezicubu ngemuva kweso elingaphakathi eliguqula izithombe ezilula zibe amasignali ezinzwa bese luzithumela ebuchosheni.

Ukuvalwa komthambo we-Retinal kuvame ukubangelwa ukuqina kwemithambo (i-atherosclerosis) nokwakheka kwegazi.

Ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo emincane (imithambo yegatsha noma i-BRVO) ku-retina kuvame ukuvela ezindaweni lapho imithambo ye-retinal eye yaqina noma yaqiniswa yi-atherosclerosis iwela futhi ifaka ingcindezi emthanjeni we-retina.

Izici zobungozi bokuvalwa kwe-vein retina zifaka:

• I-atherosclerosis
• Isifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• Ezinye izimo zamehlo, njenge-glaucoma, i-macular edema, noma i-vitreous hemorrhage

Ubungozi balezi zinkinga buyakhula ngokuguga, ngakho-ke ukuvalwa kwe-vein retinal kuvame ukuthinta abantu abadala.

Ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo ye-retina kungadala ezinye izinkinga zamehlo, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Glaucoma (umfutho ophakeme esweni), obangelwa yimithambo yegazi emisha engajwayelekile ekhula engxenyeni engaphambili yeso
• I-Macular edema, edalwa ukuvuza koketshezi ku-retina

Izimpawu zifaka ukufiphala okungazelelwe noma ukulahleka kombono kukho konke noma ingxenye yeso elilodwa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolela ukuvinjelwa kwe-vein kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-retina ngemuva kokuhlanza umfundi
• I-Fluorescein angiography
• Ingcindezi yangaphakathi
• Impendulo ye-reflex yabafundi
• Ukuhlolwa kweso lokubuyisa
• Ukuthwebula izithombe
• Sika ukuhlolwa kwelambu
• Ukuhlolwa kombono oseceleni (ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo ukuthola izinhlamvu ezincane kunazo zonke ongazifunda eshadini

Ezinye izivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sikashukela, cholesterol ephezulu, kanye namazinga e-triglyceride
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka inkinga yokujiya noma yokuqina kwegazi (hyperviscosity) (kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzoqapha ngokucophelela noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kungathatha izinyanga ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu ukuthola imiphumela eyingozi efana ne-glaucoma ukukhula ngemuva kokuvaleka.

Abantu abaningi bazophinde bathole ukubona, noma bengalashwa. Kodwa-ke, umbono akuvamile ukuthi ubuyele kokujwayelekile. Ayikho indlela yokuhlehlisa noma yokuvula ukuvinjelwa.

Ungadinga ukwelashwa ukuvimbela okunye ukuvimba ukuthi kungakheki kwelinye noma kwelinye iso.

• Kubalulekile ukuphatha isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol.
• Abanye abantu bangadinga ukuthatha i-aspirin noma abanye abahlinza igazi.

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokuvaleka kwe-retina vein kungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-laser okugxile, uma kukhona i-macular edema.
• Ukujova ngemithi elwa ne-anti-vascular endothelial grow factor (anti-VEGF) esweni. Le mithi ingavimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha engadala i-glaucoma. Le ndlela yokwelashwa isacwaningwa.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Laser ukuvimbela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha engajwayelekile eholela kwi-glaucoma.

Umphumela uyehluka. Abantu abane-retinal vein occlusion bavame ukuthola umbono owusizo.

Kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle izimo ezifana ne-macular edema ne-glaucoma. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nenye yalezi zinkinga kungenzeka kuholele emiphumeleni emibi.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• I-Glaucoma
• Ukulahleka kombono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele esweni elithintekile

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ukufiphaza okungazelelwe noma ukulahleka kombono.

Ukuvaleka kwe-vein retinal kuwuphawu lwesifo esijwayelekile semithambo yegazi (semithambo). Izinyathelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi zinganciphisa ubungozi bokuvaleka kwe-vein retinal.

Lezi zinyathelo zifaka:

• Ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amancane
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo
• Ukugcina isisindo esifanele
• Ukungabhemi

I-Aspirin noma ezinye izinciphisi zegazi zingasiza ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kwelinye iso.

Ukulawula isifo sikashukela kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kwe-vein retinal.

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-vein emaphakathi; CRVO; Ukuvaleka kwegatsha le-retina vein; I-BRVO; Ukulahleka kombono - ukuvalwa kwe-vein retinal; Umbono ofiphele - ukuvinjelwa kwe-vein retinal

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UDesai SJ, Chen X, Heier JS. Isifo se-venous occlusive se-retina. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 6.20.

UFlavel CJ, u-Adelman RA, uBaley ST, et al. I-retinal vein occlusions ekhetha iphethini yokwenza. I-Ophthalmology. 2020; 127 (2): P288-P320. I-PMID: 31757503 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31757503/.

I-Freund KB, uSarraf D, uMieler WF, uYanuzzi LA. Isifo semithambo yegazi. Ku: Freund KB, Sarraf D, Mieler WF, Yannuzzi LA, eds. I-Retina Atlas. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 6.

UGuluma K, uLee JE. I-Ophthalmology. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 61.