Abafundi basekolishi nomkhuhlane

Njalo ngonyaka, umkhuhlane usakazeka kuwo wonke amakolishi asekolishi ezweni lonke. Vala izindawo zokuhlala, izindlu zangasese okwabelwana ngazo, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yezenhlalo kwenza umfundi wasekolishi abe namathuba amaningi okuthola umkhuhlane.

Lo mbhalo uzokunikeza imininingwane mayelana nomkhuhlane nabafundi basekolishi. Lokhu akuyona indawo yezeluleko zezokwelapha ezivela kumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

ZIYINI IZIMPAWU ZEFUWU?

Umfundi wasekolishi onomkhuhlane uvame ukuba nomkhuhlane ka-100 ° F (37.8 ° C) noma ngaphezulu, nomphimbo obuhlungu noma ukukhwehlela. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Amakhaza
• Uhudo
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Iphunga eligijimayo
• Imisipha ebuhlungu
• Ukuhlanza

Iningi labantu abanezimpawu ezinzima kufanele lizizwe lingcono zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kwezi-4 futhi akudingeki ukuthi libone umhlinzeki.

Gwema ukuxhumana nabanye abantu uphuze uketshezi oluningi uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane.

NGIZIPHATHA KANJANI IZIMPAWU ZAMI?

I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) ne-ibuprofen (i-Advil, iMotrin) isiza umkhuhlane ophansi. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-acetaminophen noma ibuprofen uma unesifo sesibindi.

• Thatha i-acetaminophen njalo emahoreni amane kuya kwayisithupha noma njengokuyalelwa.
• Thatha ibuprofen njalo emahoreni ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili noma njengoba kuqondisiwe.
• UNGAYisebenzisi i-aspirin.

Umkhuhlane awudingi ukwehla uze kwejwayelekile ukuze ube lusizo. Iningi labantu lizozizwa lingcono uma izinga labo lokushisa lehla ngezinga elilodwa.

Imithi ebandayo yasesithenjini ingaqeda izimpawu ezithile. Izindwangu zomqala noma izifutho eziqukethe i-anesthetic zizosiza ngomphimbo obuhlungu. Bheka iwebhusayithi yesikhungo sakho sezempilo sabafundi ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

KUTHIWANI NGEMITHI YOKUPHILA?

Abantu abaningi abanezimpawu ezinamandla bazizwa bengcono phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 futhi abadingi ukuphuza imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi umuthi wama-antiviral ukufanele yini. Uma unezinye zezimo zezempilo ezingezansi, ungaba sengozini yesimo esibi kakhulu somkhuhlane:

• Isifo samaphaphu (kufaka phakathi i-asthma)
• Izimo zenhliziyo (ngaphandle kwengcindezi ephezulu yegazi)
• Izimo zezinso, zesibindi, zezinzwa nezemisipha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (kufaka nesifo se-sickle cell)
• Isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo ezithinta umzimba
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo (njenge-AIDS), ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma imithi ethile, kufaka phakathi i-chemotherapy kanye ne-corticosteroids
• Ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha zesikhathi eside (ezingapheli)

Imithi elwa namagciwane efana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu), i-zanamivir (i-Relenza), ne-baloxavir (i-Xofluza) ithathwa njengamaphilisi. I-Peramivir (i-Rapivab) iyatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe ngemithambo. Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha abanye abantu abanomkhuhlane. Le mithi isebenza kangcono uma uqala ukuyithatha zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-2 sezimpawu zakho zokuqala.

NGINGABUYELA NINI ESIKOLENI?

Kufanele ukwazi ukubuyela esikoleni lapho uzizwa uphilile futhi ungenawo umkhuhlane amahora angama-24 (ngaphandle kokuthatha i-acetaminophen, ibuprofen, noma eminye imithi ukwehlisa umkhuhlane).

INGABE KUFANELE NGIWUTHOLE UMGOMO WOMFUTSHANE?

Abantu kufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma noma ngabe sebeke baba nokugula okufana nomkhuhlane. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) incoma ukuthi wonke umuntu onezinyanga eziyisithupha nangaphezulu kufanele athole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kuzokusiza ukuthi uvikeleke ekutholeni umkhuhlane.

NGINGAYITHOLA KUPHI IVACCINE YEFU?

Imishanguzo yemikhuhlane ivame ukutholakala ezikhungweni zezempilo zendawo, emahhovisi abahlinzeki, nasemakhemisi. Buza isikhungo sakho sezempilo sabafundi, umhlinzeki, ikhemisi, noma indawo osebenzela kuyo uma bekuhlinzeka ngomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

NGIVIKELA KANJANI UKUBAMBA NOMA UKUSABALALISA IFLU?

• Hlala efulethini lakho, ekamelweni lokulala, noma ekhaya okungenani amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuphela komkhuhlane wakho. Gqoka imaski uma uphuma ekamelweni lakho.
• UNGABI ngokuhlanganyela ukudla, izitsha, izinkomishi, noma amabhodlela.
• Vala umlomo wakho ngezicubu lapho ukhwehlela bese uyilahla ngemuva kokusetshenziswa.
• Khwehlela emkhonweni wakho uma izicubu zingatholakali.
• Phatha i-sanitizer yezandla esuselwa kotshwala. Yisebenzise kaningi emini futhi njalo ngemuva kokuthinta ubuso bakho.
• Ungathinti amehlo akho, ikhala, nomlomo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Iningi labafundi basekolishi alidingi ukubona umhlinzeki lapho banezimpawu zomkhuhlane omncane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi labantu abaneminyaka yobudala basekolishi abekho engozini yecala elinzima.

Uma uzizwa kufanele ubone umhlinzeki, shayela ihhovisi kuqala ubatshele izimpawu zakho. Lokhu kusiza abasebenzi balungiselele ukuvakasha kwakho, ukuze ungasabalalisi amagciwane kwabanye abantu lapho.

Uma unengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zomkhuhlane, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho. Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• Izinkinga zamaphaphu zesikhathi eside (ezingapheli) (kufaka phakathi i-asthma noma i-COPD)
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo (ngaphandle kwengcindezi ephezulu yegazi)
• Isifo sezinso noma ukwehluleka (isikhathi eside)
• Isifo sesibindi (isikhathi eside)
• Ingqondo noma ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (kufaka nesifo se-sickle cell)
• Isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo ezithinta umzimba
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka (njengabantu abane-AIDS, umdlavuza, noma ukufakelwa isitho somzimba; ukuthola i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy; noma ukuthatha amaphilisi e-corticosteroid nsuku zonke)

Ungase futhi ufune ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma useduze nabanye abangase babe sengozini yesimo esibi somkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi abantu:

• Phila noma unakekele ingane enezinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphansi
• Sebenza endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi uxhumane ngqo neziguli
• Phila noma unakekele umuntu onenkinga yezokwelapha yesikhathi eside (engapheli) ongakagonyelwe umkhuhlane

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma une:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Isiyezi esingazelelwe
• Ukudideka, noma izinkinga ukucabanga
• Ukuhlanza okukhulu, noma ukuhlanza okungapheli
• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ziyathuthuka, kepha bese zibuyela emuva ziphethwe umkhuhlane kanye nokukhwehlela okubi

IBrenner GM, uStevens CW. Izidambisigciwane. Ku: Brenner GM, Stevens CW, eds. IBrenner kanye neStevens ’Pharmacology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 43.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Okufanele ukwazi ngemishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza. www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/whatyoushould.htm. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 22, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 7, 2019.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Vimbela umkhuhlane wonyaka. www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/index.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 23, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 7, 2019.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Amaqiniso asemqoka ngokugoma komkhuhlane wonyaka. www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/keyfacts.htm. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 6, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 7, 2019.

I-Ison MG, iHayden FG. Umkhuhlane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 340.