Ukopha kwesitho sangasese noma kwesibeletho

Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngokujwayelekile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kowesifazane, lapho ethola isikhathi sakhe. Isikhathi sabo bonke abesifazane sihlukile.

• Iningi labesifazane linemijikelezo ephakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-24 nezingama-34 ngokuhlukana. Imvamisa ihlala izinsuku ezi-4 kuye kwezi-7 ezimweni eziningi.
• Amantombazane amancane angathola ukuya esikhathini kwawo kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-21 kuye kwezingu-45 noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle.
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-40 bavame ukubona ukuthi isikhathi sabo senzeka kaningi.

Abesifazane abaningi banegazi elingajwayelekile phakathi nesikhathi sabo esikhathini esithile sezimpilo zabo. Ukopha okungavamile kwenzeka uma une:

• Ukopha okusindayo kunokujwayelekile
• Ukopha izinsuku ezingaphezu kokujwayelekile (menorrhagia)
• Ukubeka noma ukopha phakathi kwezikhathi
• Ukopha ngemuva kocansi
• Ukopha ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini
• Ukopha ngesikhathi ukhulelwe
• Ukopha ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engu-9
• Imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini isikhathi eside kunezinsuku ezingama-35 noma mfushane kunezinsuku ezingama-21
• Akunasikhathi sezinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6 (i-amenorrhea)

Kunezimbangela eziningi zokopha okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

AMAHORONI

Ukopha okungavamile kuvame ukuxhumaniswa nokwehluleka kwe-ovulation ejwayelekile (i-anovulation). Odokotela babiza le nkinga ngokungajwayelekile ukopha kwesibeletho (AUB) noma ukopha kwesibeletho okugcobayo. I-AUB ivame kakhulu entsheni nakwabesifazane abasondela esikhathini sokuya esikhathini.

Abesifazane abathatha izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo bangathola iziqephu zokuphuma kwegazi ngokungajwayelekile. Imvamisa lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphuma kwegazi." Le nkinga ivame ukuhamba yodwa. Kodwa-ke, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unenkinga mayelana nokopha.

UKUKHULELWA

Izinkinga zokukhulelwa njenge:

• Ukukhulelwa kwe-Ectopic
• Ukuphuphuma kwesisu
• Ukuphuphuma kwesisu okusongelwayo
  

IZINKINGA NGEZINHLANGANO ZOKUZALISA

Izinkinga ngezitho zokuzala zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka esibelethweni (isifo sokuvuvukala okhalo)
• Ukulimala kwakamuva noma ukuhlinzwa esibelethweni
• Ukukhula okungafaki umdlavuza esibelethweni, kufaka phakathi i-uterine fibroids, i-uterine noma i-polyps yomlomo wesibeletho, ne-adenomyosis
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka komlomo wesibeletho (cervicitis)
• Ukulimala noma isifo sokuvulwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane (okubangelwa ukuya ocansini, ukutheleleka, i-polyp, izinsumpa zangasese, isilonda, noma imithambo ye-varicose)
• I-endometrial hyperplasia (ukuqina noma ukwakha ulwelwesi lwesibeletho)

IZIMO ZOKWELAPHA

Izinkinga ngezimo zezokwelapha zingafaka:

• Isifo se-Polycystic ovary
• I-Cancer noma i-precancer yomlomo wesibeletho, isibeletho, i-ovary, noma i-fallopian tube
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid noma i-pituitary
• Isifo sikashukela
• I-cirrhosis yesibindi
• I-Lupus erythematosus
• Izinkinga zokopha

EZINYE IZIMBANGELA

Ezinye izimbangela zingafaka:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intrauterine device (IUD) yokulawula ukubeletha (kungadala ukubona)
• Umlomo wesibeletho noma we-endometrial noma ezinye izinqubo
• Izinguquko enkambisweni yokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Izinguquko zokudla
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo kwakamuva noma ukuzuza
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile efana ne-thinner yegazi (i-warfarin noma i-Coumadin)
• Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi
• Into esithweni sangasese

Izimpawu zokopha okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane zifaka:

• Ukopha noma ukubona phakathi kwezikhathi
• Ukopha ngemuva kocansi
• Ukopha kakhulu (ukudlula amahlule amakhulu, odinga ukushintsha ukuvikelwa ebusuku, ukumunca iphedi yokuhlanzeka noma i-tampon njalo ngehora amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu ngokulandelana)
• Ukopha izinsuku eziningi kunokujwayelekile noma izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-7
• Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ungaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-28 (kuvame kakhulu) noma ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingama-35 zihlukene
• Ukopha ngemuva kokuthi usudlulile esikhathini sokuya esikhathini
• Ukopha okukhulu okuhambisana ne-anemia (ukubalwa kwegazi okuphansi, i-iron ephansi)
  

Ukopha okuvela engxenyeni noma egazini kumchamo kungahle kube nephutha lokopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile, faka isigaxa esithweni sangasese bese uhlola ukopha.

Gcina irekhodi lezimpawu zakho bese uletha lawa manothi kudokotela wakho. Irekhodi lakho kufanele lifake:

• Lapho ukuya esikhathini kuqala futhi kuphele
• Ukugeleza okungakanani onakho (ubale izinombolo zama pads namathamponi asetshenzisiwe, uqaphele ukuthi acwilisiwe)
• Ukopha phakathi kwezikhathi nangemva kocansi
• Noma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic. Umhlinzeki wakho uzobuza imibuzo ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu.

Ungahle ube nokuhlolwa okuthile, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap / HPV
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwendlala yegilo
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ukubalwa kwensimbi
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa

Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, ezinye izivivinyo zingadingeka. Ezinye zingenziwa ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wakho. Okunye kungenziwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlinzwa:

• I-Sonohysterography: Uketshezi lufakwa esibelethweni ngokusebenzisa ithubhu elincanyana, kuyilapho izithombe ze-vaginal ultrasound zenziwa esibelethweni.
• I-Ultrasound: Amagagasi omsindo asetshenziselwa ukwenza isithombe sezitho zangasese. I-ultrasound ingenziwa esiswini noma sangasese.
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Kulesi sivivinyo sokuthatha izithombe, kusetshenziswa ozibuthe abanamandla ukwakha izithombe zezitho zangaphakathi.
• IHysteroscopy: Kufakwa umshini omncane wesibonakude onqenqemeni lobulili nokuvuleka komlomo wesibeletho. Ivumela umhlinzeki ukuthi abuke ingaphakathi lesibeletho.
• I-Endometrial biopsy: Kusetshenziswa ipayipi elincane noma elincanyana (ishubhu), izicubu zithathwa kulwelwesi lwesibeletho (endometrium). Kubhekwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu esithile sokuphuma kwegazi esithweni sangasese, kufaka phakathi:

• Izinguquko zehomoni
• I-Endometriosis
• Izindlala zesibeletho
• Ukukhulelwa kwe-Ectopic
• Isifo se-Polycystic ovary

Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya imishanguzo yamahomoni, ukuqeda izinhlungu, nokuhlinzwa okungenzeka.

Uhlobo lwehomoni olithathayo luzoya ngokuthi ufuna ukukhulelwa kanye neminyaka yakho yobudala.

• Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha angasiza ukwenza izikhathi zakho zivame kakhulu.
• AmaHormone nawo anganikezwa njengomjovo, isichibi sesikhumba, ukhilimu wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma nge-IUD ekhipha ama-hormone.
• I-IUD iyithuluzi lokulawula inzalo elifakwa esibelethweni. Ama-hormone akwi-IUD akhishwa kancane futhi angalawula ukopha okungavamile.

Eminye imithi enikezwe i-AUB ingafaka:

• Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ibuprofen noma naproxen) ukusiza ukulawula ukopha nokunciphisa amajaqamba okuya esikhathini
• I-Tranexamic acid ukusiza ekwelapheni ukopha okunzima kokuya esikhathini
• Ama-antibiotic ukwelapha izifo

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ufake iphedi noma i-tampon njalo ngehora amahora amabili kuya kwangu-3.
• Ukopha kwakho kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto eli-1.
• Unegazi elivela esithweni sangasese futhi ukhulelwe noma ungakhulelwa.
• Unobuhlungu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma unezinhlungu lapho ungasayi esikhathini.
• Izikhathi zakho bezisindiswa noma zinde isikhathi eside imijikelezo emithathu noma ngaphezulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile kuwe.
• Unegazi noma ubala ngemuva kokufinyelela esikhathini.
• Unegazi noma ubala phakathi kwezikhathi noma ubangelwa ukuya ocansini.
• Ukopha okungajwayelekile kuyabuya.
• Ukopha kuyakhula noma kuba nzima ngokwanele ukudala ubuthakathaka noma ikhanda elikhanyayo.
• Unomkhuhlane noma ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi
• Izimpawu zakho ziba nzima kakhulu noma zivame kakhulu.

I-Aspirin ingalulaza ukopha futhi kufanele igwenywe uma unezinkinga zokopha. I-Ibuprofen ivame ukusebenza kangcono kune-aspirin yokudambisa amajaqamba okuya esikhathini. Kunganciphisa nenani legazi olilahlekile phakathi nesikhathi.

Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile; Izikhathi ezinzima, ezinde, noma ezingajwayelekile; IMenorrhagia; I-Polymenorrhea; Metrorrhagia nezinye izimo zokuya esikhathini; Izikhathi ezingavamile zokuya esikhathini; Ukopha okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

I-ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 110: ukusetshenziswa okungavimbeli ukukhulelwa kwemithi yokuvimbela inzalo yamahomoni. Isikhubekiso seGynecol. 2010; 115 (1): 206-218. I-PMID: 20027071 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20027071.

I-American College of Obstetricians kanye neGynecologists. Umbono weKomidi le-ACOG No 557: Ukuphathwa kokuphuma okungajwayelekile kwesibeletho kwabesifazane abangakhulelwe abaneminyaka yobudala. Isikhubekiso seGynecol. 2013; 121 (4): 891-896. I-PMID: 23635706 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23635706.

I-Bulun SE. I-Physiology kanye ne-pathology ye-eksisi yokuzala yabesifazane. Ku: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 17.

URyntz T, uLobo RA. Ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho: i-etiology kanye nokuphathwa kokopha ngokweqile nokungapheli. Ku: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. I-Gynecology ephelele. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 26.

Umthengisi RH, Symons AB. Ukungahambi kahle esikhathini. Ku: Umthengisi RH, Symons AB, eds. Ukwahlukaniswa Kokuxilongwa Kwezikhalazo Ezijwayelekile. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 20.