Usizo lokuqala olunobuthi

Ubuthi budalwa wukuchayeka entweni eyingozi. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukugwinya, ukujova, ukuphefumula, noma ezinye izindlela. Ubuthi obuningi benzeka ngengozi.

Usizo lokuqala ngokushesha lubaluleke kakhulu esimweni esiphuthumayo sobuthi. Usizo lokuqala olunikezayo ngaphambi kokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha lungasindisa impilo yomuntu.

Lo mbhalo ungowolwazi kuphela. UNGAYisebenzisi ukwelapha noma ukuphatha ukuvezwa kobuthi uqobo. Uma wena noma umuntu onaye unokuchayeka, shayela inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911), noma isikhungo sendawo sakho sobuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

Izigidi zobuthi zibikwa ezikhungweni zokulawula ubuthi e-United States minyaka yonke. Eminingi ibangela ukufa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ngoba iphakethe lingenayo ilebula lokuxwayisa akusho ukuthi into ethile iphephile. Kufanele ucabangele ukufaka ushevu uma othile evele agule kungazelelwe ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ubuthi kufanele futhi bucatshangwe uma lowo muntu etholakala eduze kwesithando somlilo, imoto, umlilo, noma endaweni engenamoya omuhle.

Izimpawu zobuthi zingathatha isikhathi ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi umuntu udliswe ushevu, UNGALINDI ukuba kuvele izimpawu. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izinto ezingadala ubuthi zifaka:

• Carbon monoxide gas (kusuka ezithandweni, izinjini zegesi, imililo, izifudumezi zesikhala)
• Ukudla okuthile
• Amakhemikhali emsebenzini
• Izidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi i-counter-the-counter kanye nemithi kadokotela (njenge-aspirin overdose) nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ezifana ne-cocaine
• Izinto zokugeza zasendlini nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza
• Izitshalo zasendlini nezangaphandle (ukudla izitshalo ezinobuthi)
• Izibulala-zinambuzane
• Amapende

Izimpawu ziyahluka ngokuya ngobuthi, kepha zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukudideka
• Khwehlela
• Uhudo
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• Isiyezi
• Umbono ophindwe kabili
• Ukozela
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isinye
• Ukudikiza kwemisipha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka
• Ukuquleka
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba noma ukusha
• Isiphukuphuku
• Ukungazi lutho (ikhoma)
• Iphunga lokuphefumula elingajwayelekile
• Ubuthakathaka

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngokufaka ubuthi ngokugwinya nokuhogela okuthile:

Hlola futhi uhlole indlela yomoya yomuntu, ukuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma kunesidingo, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula kanye ne-CPR.

1. Zama ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi lo muntu udlisiwe ngempela. Kungaba nzima ukukusho. Ezinye zezimpawu zifaka umoya onuka amakhemikhali, ukusha okuzungeze umlomo, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuhlanza noma iphunga elingajwayelekile kumuntu. Uma kungenzeka, thola ubuthi.
2. UNGENZI umuntu alahle phansi ngaphandle uma etshelwa ukuthi enze njalo ngokulawulwa ubuthi noma uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
3. Uma umuntu ehlanza, sula indlela yomoya yomuntu. Songa indwangu eminwe yakho ngaphambi kokuhlanza umlomo nomphimbo. Uma umuntu egula ngengxenye yesitshalo, gcina ubuhlanzo. Kungasiza ochwepheshe ukubona ukuthi imuphi umuthi ongasetshenziswa ukusiza ukubuyisa ubuthi.
4. Uma umuntu eqala ukudlikizela, nikeza usizo lokuqala lokudlikizela.
5. Gcina umuntu enethezekile. Umuntu kufanele asongwe ohlangothini lwesobunxele, futhi ahlale lapho ngenkathi ethola noma elinde usizo lwezokwelapha.
6. Uma ushevu uchithekele ezingutsheni zomuntu, susa okokugqoka bese ususa isikhumba ngamanzi.

Ngobuthi be-inhalation:

Shayela usizo oluphuthumayo. Ungalokothi uzame ukutakula umuntu ngaphandle kokwazisa abanye kuqala.

Uma kuphephile ukwenza njalo, sindisa umuntu engozini yegesi, intuthu, noma intuthu. Vula amawindi neminyango ukuze ususe intuthu.

1. Thatha umoya ophefumulayo kaningana, bese ubamba umoya wakho lapho ungena. Bamba indwangu emanzi emakhaleni nasemlonyeni.
2. UNGALAYISHI umentshisi noma usebenzise ilambu ngoba amanye amagesi angasha.
3. Ngemuva kokuhlenga umuntu engozini, hlola futhi ubheke indlela yokuphefumula yomuntu, ukuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma kunesidingo, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula kanye ne-CPR.
4. Uma kunesidingo, yenza usizo lokuqala lokulimala kweso noma usizo lokuqala lokudlikizela.
5. Uma umuntu ehlanza, sula indlela yomoya yomuntu. Songa indwangu ezungeze iminwe yakho ngaphambi kokuhlanza umlomo nomphimbo.
6. Noma ngabe umuntu ubonakala ephelele, thola usizo lwezokwelapha.

UNGENZI:

• Nikeza umuntu oqulekile noma yini ngomlomo.
• Yenza ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwalapho utshelwa yiPhoyinti Control Center noma udokotela. Ubuthi obunamandla obusha lapho kwehla umphimbo nawo uzolimaza lapho ubuyela emuva.
• Zama ukunciphisa ubuthi ngejusi likalamula noma uviniga, noma enye into, ngaphandle uma utshelwa yiPhoyinti Control Center noma udokotela.
• Sebenzisa noma imuphi umuthi wokuvikela ikhambi "wokwelapha konke".
• Lindela izimpawu ezizovela uma usola ukuthi kunomuntu ofakwe ubuthi.

Isikhungo sakho sendawo esinoshevu singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke engakhokhelwa (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingi ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Ngemuva kokwenza izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ekhaya, kungadingeka ukuthi uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Thatha isiqukathi uhambe naso uye esibhedlela, uma kungenzeka. Esibhedlela uzohlolwa. Ungadinga nokuhlolwa kanye nokwelashwa okulandelayo.

• Amalahle avuliwe
• Ukusekelwa kwe-Airway, kufaka phakathi i-oxygen, ishubhu lokuphefumula ngomlomo (intubation), ne-ventilator (umshini wokuphefumula)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Iskena se-CT (computerized tomography, noma i-advanced imaging)
• I-EKG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (IV)
• I-Laxative
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu, kufaka phakathi ama-antidotes wokuguqula imiphumela yobuthi uma ikhona

Qaphela ubuthi ekhaya lakho naseduze kwakho. Thatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izingane ezincane ezintweni ezinobuthi. Gcina yonke imithi, izinto zokuhlanza, izimonyo, namakhemikhali asendlini lapho izingane zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo, noma emakhabethe anezintambo ezingangeni izingane.

Jwayelana nezitshalo ekhaya lakho, egcekeni nasezindaweni eziseduze. Gcina izingane zakho zinolwazi, nazo. Susa noma yiziphi izitshalo ezinobuthi. Ungalokothi udle izitshalo zasendle, amakhowe, izimpande, noma amajikijolo ngaphandle kokuthi ujwayelene kakhulu nazo.

Fundisa izingane ngobungozi bezinto eziqukethe ubuthi. Faka ilebuli kuwo wonke ubuthi.

UNGABEKI amakhemikhali asendlini ezitsheni zokudla, noma ngabe zifakwe ilebula. Iningi lezinto ezingezona zokudla zinobuthi uma zithathwa ngemithamo emikhulu.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ubuthi bezimboni bungangcolisa umhlaba noma amanzi aseduze, bika ukukhathazeka kwakho emnyangweni wezempilo wendawo noma kuhulumeni noma kuhulumeni we-Environmental Protection Agency.

Abanye ubuthi noma ukuvezwa kwemvelo akudingi imithamo emikhulu noma ukuthintana nabo ukudala izimpawu nokulimala. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukugwema ukulimala okukhulu. Umphumela uzoncika ohlotsheni lobuthi umuntu ahlangane naye nokunakekelwa okutholakele ukwelapha ukuvezwa.

• Bheka indlela yomoya

UGummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Osterthaler KM, Banner W. 2017 Umbiko Wonyaka we-American Association of Poison Control Centers 'National Poison Data System (NPDS): Umbiko wonyaka wama-35. I-Clin Toxicol (UPhila). 2018; 56 (12): 1213-1415. I-PMID: 30576252 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30576252.

UMeehan TJ. Sondela esigulini esinobuthi. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 139.

UNelson LS, Ford MD. Ubuthi obunzima. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 110.