Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) - izingane

I-Acute myeloid leukemia ngumdlavuza wegazi nomnkantsha wamathambo. Umnkantsha wamathambo izicubu ezithambile ezingaphakathi kwamathambo ezisiza ukwakha amangqamuzana egazi. Okuhle kusho ukuthi umdlavuza uqala ngokushesha.

Bobabili abadala nezingane bangathola i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Lo mbhalo ukhuluma nge-AML ezinganeni.

Ezinganeni, i-AML ayivamile kakhulu.

I-AML ifaka amaseli emnkantsheni wethambo ovame ukuba ngamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lawa maseli we-leukemia ayakheka emnkantsheni nasegazini, kungashiyi sikhala sokwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu namhlophe namaplatelet. Ngoba awekho amaseli anempilo anele okwenza imisebenzi yawo, izingane ezine-AML maningi amathuba okuba nazo:

• Ukushoda kwegazi
• Ingozi eyengeziwe yokopha nokulimaza
• Izifo

Isikhathi esiningi, ukuthi yini ebangela i-AML akwaziwa. Ezinganeni, ezinye izinto zingakhuphula ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-AML:

• Ukuvezwa kotshwala noma intuthu kagwayi ngaphambi kokuzalwa
• Umlando wezifo ezithile, njenge-aplastic anemia
• Izinkinga ezithile zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome
• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini ngemithi ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa okwedlule nge-radiation therapy

Ukuba nesici esisodwa noma eziningi zobungozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izoba nomdlavuza. Iningi lezingane ezakha i-AML azinazo izinto eziyingozi ezaziwayo.

Izimpawu ze-AML zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo noma obuhlangene
• Ukutheleleka njalo
• Ukopha okulula noma ukulimaza
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka noma ukhathele
• Imfiva noma ingenalo igciwane
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Izigaxa ezingenantamo entanyeni, emakhwapheni, esiswini, emgodini, noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba ezingaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma nsomi
• Khomba amabala ngaphansi kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukopha
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla nokudla ukudla okuncane

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando wezempilo
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC) nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ucwaningo lwe-chemistry yegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ama-biopsies omnkantsha wethambo, isimila, noma i-lymph node
• Isivivinyo sokubheka ushintsho kuma-chromosomes egazini noma emnkantsheni wethambo

Olunye uvivinyo lungenziwa ukuthola uhlobo oluthile lwe-AML.

Ukwelashwa kwezingane ezine-AML kungafaka:

• Izidakamizwa ze-anticancer (chemotherapy)
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe (kuyaqabukela)
• Izinhlobo ezithile zokwelashwa okuqondisiwe
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi kunganikezwa ukusiza ekwelapheni i-anemia

Umhlinzeki angaphakamisa ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo. Ukufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi akwenziwa kuze kube yilapho i-AML isethethelweni kusuka ekhemotherapy yokuqala. Ukukhululwa kusho ukuthi azikho izimpawu ezibalulekile zomdlavuza ezingatholakala ekuhlolweni noma ekuhlolweni. Ukufakelwa kungenza ngcono amathuba okwelashwa nokusinda isikhathi eside kwezinye izingane.

Ithimba lokwelashwa kwengane yakho lizokuchazela izinketho ezahlukahlukene. Ungase uthande ukubhala amanothi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza imibuzo uma kukhona ongakuqondi.

Ukuba nengane enomdlavuza kungakwenza uzizwe uwedwa kakhulu. Eqenjini lokuxhasa umdlavuza, ungathola abantu ababhekana nezinto ezifanayo nawe. Bangakusiza ubhekane nemizwa yakho. Bangakusiza nokuthi uthole usizo noma izixazululo zezinkinga. Buza ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma abasebenzi esikhungweni somdlavuza ukuthi bakusize uthole iqembu lokwesekwa.

Umdlavuza ungabuya noma nini. Kepha nge-AML, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ubuye ngemuva kokuhamba iminyaka emi-5.

Amaseli we-leukemia angasakazeka egazini aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njenge:

• Ubuchopho
• Uketshezi lomgogodla
• Isikhumba
• Izinsini

Amaseli womdlavuza nawo angakha isimila esiqinile emzimbeni.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha lapho ingane yakho iqala izimpawu ze-AML.

Futhi, bona umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho ine-AML nomkhuhlane noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka ezingapheli.

Imidlavuza eminingi yobuntwana ayinakuvinjelwa. Iningi lezingane eziba nomdlavuza wegazi azinazo izinto eziyingozi.

I-leukemia enamandla kakhulu - izingane; AML - izingane; I-leukemia enamandla ye-granulocytic - izingane; I-leukemia ye-myeloblastic enamandla - izingane; I-acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) - izingane

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society. Iyini i-leukemia yengane? www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-in-children/about/what-is-childhood-leukemia.html. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 12, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 6, 2020.

IGruber TA, uRubnitz JE. I-acute myeloid leukemia ezinganeni. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 62.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-myeloid leukemia / enye i-myeloid malignancies treatment (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-aml-ukulapha-pdq. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 20, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 6, 2020.

U-Redner A, uKessel R. Acute myeloid leukemia. Ku: Lanzkowsky P, Lipton JM, Fish JD, eds. Incwadi kaLanzkowsky yePediatric Hematology ne-Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 19.