I-HIV / AIDS kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nasezinsaneni

I-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) igciwane elibanga ingculaza. Lapho umuntu engenwa yi-HIV, leli gciwane lihlasela futhi lenze buthaka amasosha omzimba. Njengoba amasosha omzimba eba buthakathaka, umuntu usengozini yokuthola izifo ezisongela impilo nomdlavuza. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukugula kubizwa nge-AIDS.

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingadluliselwa embungwini noma enganeni esanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma sokubeletha, noma ngokuncelisa.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma nge-HIV / AIDS kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nasezinsaneni.

Iningi lezingane ezine-HIV zithola leli gciwane uma lisuka kumama one-HIV laya enganeni. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha, noma lapho uncelisa.

Igazi, isidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, nobisi lwebele kuphela okukhonjisiwe ukudlulisa ukutheleleka kwabanye.

Leli gciwane ALISADLULISELWA ezinganeni ngu:

• Ukuthintana okuvamile, njengokugona noma ukuthinta
• Ukuthinta izinto ezithintwe ngumuntu onaleli gciwane, njengamathawula noma izindwangu zokuwasha
• Amathe, izithukuthuku, noma izinyembezi ezingaxutshwanga negazi lomuntu onegciwane

Iningi lezinsana ezizalwa ngabesifazane abane-HIV e-United States ALIHAMBI nge-HIV uma umama nosana benokunakekelwa okuhle ngaphambi kokubeletha nangemva kokubeletha.

Izinsana ezitheleleke nge-HIV kaningi azinazo izimpawu ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezi-3 zokuqala. Lapho nje izimpawu sezithuthukile, zingahluka. Izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka ngemvubelo (i-candida) emlonyeni
• Ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala nokukhula
• Izindlala ze-lymph ezivuvukile
• Izindlala zamathe ezivuvukile
• Ubende obukhulisiwe noma isibindi
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe nesono
• Izifo ezingenhla zokuphefumula
• Ukwephuza ukuhamba, ukukhasa, noma ukukhuluma ngokuqhathaniswa nezinsana ezinempilo
• Uhudo

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV ukuthi kungakhuli.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izivikeli mzimba zengane ziba buthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukutheleleka okungajwayelekile ezinganeni ezinempilo kuyakhula. Lokhu ukutheleleka okunzima emzimbeni. Zingabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, noma i-protozoa. Kuleli qophelo, ukugula sekube yingculaza egcwele ngokuphelele.

Nazi izivivinyo umama okhulelwe nengane yakhe okungadingeka ukuthi ihlolisise i-HIV:

UVIVINYO LOKUTHOLA I-HIV KWABESIFAZANE ABAKHULELWE

Bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bahlolwe i-HIV kanye nezinye izivivinyo zokubeletha. Abesifazane abasengozini enkulu kufanele bahlolwe okwesibili phakathi ne-trimester yesithathu.

Omama abangakahlolwa bangahlolwa ngokushesha i-HIV ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Owesifazane owaziwa ukuthi une-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uzohlolwa igazi njalo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukubalwa kwe-CD4
• Ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane, ukuhlola ukuthi lingakanani i-HIV egazini
• Isivivinyo sokubona ukuthi ngabe igciwane lizophendula yini emithini esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV (ebizwa nge-resistance test)

IZIVIVINYO ZOKUTHOLA I-HIV EZINGaneni NEZINGANE

Izinsana ezizalwa ngabesifazane abatheleleke nge-HIV kufanele zihlolelwe ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Lokhu kuhlola kubheka ukuthi lingakanani igciwane le-HIV elisemzimbeni. Ezinganeni ezizalwe ngomama abane-HIV, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV:

• Izinsuku eziyi-14 kuya kwezingu-21 ngemuva kokuzalwa
• Ngezinyanga ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2
• Ezinyangeni ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa oku-2 ingethivu, usana alunalo igciwane le-HIV. Uma imiphumela yanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kutholakala ukuthi ingane ine-HIV.

Izingane ezisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-HIV zingahlolwa lapho zizalwa.

I-HIV / AIDS iphathwa ngemishanguzo (antiretroviral therapy (ART)). Le mithi imisa igciwane ekuphindaphindeni.

UKELAPHA ABESIFAZANE ABAKHULELWE

Ukwelapha abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-HIV kuvimbela izingane ekutheleleni.

• Uma owesifazane ethola ukuthi unegciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uzothola i-ART ngenkathi ekhulelwe. Imvamisa uzothola uhlobo lwemithi emithathu.
• Ingozi yale mithi yama-ART enganeni esesibelethweni iphansi. Umama angaba nenye i-ultrasound ku-trimester yesibili.
• I-HIV ingatholakala kowesifazane lapho ebeletha, ikakhulukazi uma engakatholi ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha. Uma kunjalo, uzokwelashwa ngemishanguzo yokudambisa igciwane ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi le mithi izonikezwa ngomthambo (IV).
• Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokutholakala ukuthi une-HIV kuyisikhathi sokubeletha, ukuthola i-ART ngaso leso sikhathi ngesikhathi sokubeletha kunganciphisa izinga lokutheleleka ezinganeni liye cishe ku-10%.

UKULAPHA IZINGANE NEZINGANE

Izinsana ezizalwa ngomama abanegciwane ziqala ukuthola ama-ART kungakapheli amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili ngemuva kokuzalwa. Umuthi owodwa noma ngaphezulu wezidambisigciwane kufanele uqhubeke okungenani amasonto ayisithupha ngemuva kokuzalwa.

UKUNCELA IBELE

Abesifazane abane-HIV akufanele bancelise ibele. Lokhu kunjalo ngisho nakwabesifazane abathatha imishanguzo ye-HIV. Ukwenza kanjalo kungadlulisela i-HIV enganeni ngobisi lwebele.

Izinselelo zokuba ngumnakekeli wengane ene-HIV / AIDS zivame ukusizwa ngokujoyina iqembu elisekelayo. Kula maqembu, amalungu abelana ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga.

Ingozi yokuthi umama adlulise i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha iphansi komama abakhonjwayo nabelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lapho elashwa, ithuba lokuthi ingane yakhe itheleleke lingaphansi kuka-1%. Ngenxa yokuhlolwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, kunezingane ezingaphansi kwezingama-200 ezizalwa zine-HIV e-United States ngonyaka.

Uma isimo sowesifazane se-HIV singatholakali kuze kufike isikhathi sokubeletha, ukwelashwa okufanele kunganciphisa izinga lokutheleleka ezinganeni kuya cishe ku-10%.

Izingane ezine-HIV / AIDS zizodinga ukuthatha ama-ART impilo yazo yonke. Ukwelashwa akulapheki ukutheleleka. Imithi isebenza kuphela uma ithathwa nsuku zonke. Ngokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, izingane ezine-HIV / AIDS zingaphila impilo ejwayelekile.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma une-HIV noma usengozini ye-HIV, FUTHI uyakhulelwa noma ucabanga ukukhulelwa.

Abesifazane abane-HIV abangakhulelwa kufanele bakhulume nomhlinzeki wabo ngengozi enganeni yabo engakazalwa. Kufanele futhi baxoxe ngezindlela zokuvimbela ukuthi ingane yabo ingatheleleki, njengokuphuza ama-ARV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokushesha lapho owesifazane eqala imithi, kwehla amathuba okutheleleka enganeni.

Abesifazane abane-HIV akufanele bancelise izingane zabo ibele. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukudlulisela i-HIV enganeni ngobisi lwebele.

Ukutheleleka nge-HIV - izingane; Igciwane lomuntu lokuzivikela komzimba - izingane; Ukutholakala kwesifo sokuzivikela komzimba - izingane; Ukukhulelwa - i-HIV; I-HIV Yomama; I-Perinatal - i-HIV

• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV okuyisisekelo
• I-HIV

Clinicalinfo.HIV.gov iwebhusayithi. Imihlahlandlela yokusetshenziswa kwama-antiretroviral agents ekuthelelekeni nge-HIV ezinganeni. clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/pediatric-arv/whats-new- imihlahlandlela. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 12, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 9, 2021.

Clinicalinfo.HIV.gov iwebhusayithi. Izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwezidambisigciwane kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanegciwane le-HIV kanye nokungenelela ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza e-United States. clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/whats-new- imihlahlandlela. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 10, 2021. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 9, 2021.

IHayes EV. Igciwane lesandulela-mzimba lokutholwa komzimba nokuthola i-immunodeficiency syndrome. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 302.

I-Weinberg GA, iSiberry GK. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kwengane. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 127.