ILopinavir neRitonavir

-Delile

• Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir,
• ILopinavir ne-ritonavir kungadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:
• Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:

I-Lopinavir ne-ritonavir okwamanje kufundwa ezifundweni eziningana eziqhubekayo zokwelashwa zokwelashwa kwesifo se-coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) kungaba yedwa noma ngeminye imithi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lopinavir ne-ritonavir ekwelapheni i-COVID-19 akukasungulwa. Abanye ososayensi banethemba ngoba le mithi isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izifo ezifanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

I-Lopinavir ne-ritonavir kufanele zithathwe KUPHELA ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela ekwelapheni i-COVID-19.

Inhlanganisela ye-lopinavir ne-ritonavir isetshenziswa neminye imithi yokwelapha ukutheleleka nge-immunodeficiency virus (HIV). I-Lopinavir ne-ritonavir basesigabeni semithi ebizwa nge-protease inhibitors. Basebenza ngokunciphisa inani le-HIV egazini. Lapho i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir zihlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​i-ritonavir ibuye isize ukukhulisa inani le-lopinavir emzimbeni ukuze umuthi ube nomthelela omkhulu. Yize i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir zingeke ziyelaphe i-HIV, le mithi inganciphisa amathuba okuba ne-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS) kanye nezifo ezihlobene ne-HIV ezinjengezifo ezibucayi noma umdlavuza. Ukuthatha le mithi kanye nokwenza ucansi oluphephile nokwenza ezinye izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kunganciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane le-HIV kwabanye abantu.

Inhlanganisela ye-lopinavir ne-ritonavir iza njengethebhulethi kanye nesisombululo (uketshezi) ukuthatha ngomlomo. Imvamisa iphuzwa kabili ngosuku, kepha ingathathwa kanye ngosuku ngabantu abadala abathile. Isixazululo kufanele sithathwe ngokudla. Amaphilisi angaphuzwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Landela izinkomba ezikulebuli kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, bese ubuza udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho ukuthi akuchaze nganoma iyiphi ingxenye ongayiqondi. Thatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir njengoba nje kuqondisiwe. Ungayithathi kancane noma uyithathe kaningi kunokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho.

Gwinya wonke amaphilisi; ungawahlukanisi, ungawahlafune noma uwagxoze.

Uma usebenzisa isisombululo, sinyakazise kahle ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ngakunye ukuxuba umuthi ngokulinganayo. Sebenzisa isipuni noma inkomishi yokulinganisa umthamo ukukala inani elifanele liketshezi kumthamo ngamunye, hhayi isipuni sasendlini esijwayelekile.

Qhubeka nokuthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma uphuthelwa imithamo, thatha okungaphansi kwenani elibekiwe, noma uyeke ukuthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir, isimo sakho singaba nzima ukwelashwa.

Lo muthi ungabekelwa okunye ukusetshenziswa; buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir,

• Tshela udokotela kanye nosokhemisi wakho uma une-aleji ku-lopinavir, ritonavir (Norvir), noma imuphi omunye umuthi, noma iziphi izithako ezikumaphilisi we-lopinavir kanye ne-ritonavir noma isisombululo. Buza usokhemisi wakho ukuthola uhlu lwezithako.
• utshele udokotela wakho uma uthatha noma iyiphi yale mithi elandelayo: i-alfuzosin (i-Uroxatral); i-apalutamide (i-Erleada); i-cisapride (Propulsid) (ayitholakali e-U.S.); i-colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare) kubantu abanezifo zezinso noma zesibindi; i-dronedarone (iMultaq); i-elbasvir ne-grazoprevir (iZepatier); imithi ye-ergot efana ne-dihydroergotamine (i-DHE 45, i-Migranal), i-ergotamine (i-Ergomar, eCafergot, eMigergot), ne-methylergonovine (Methergine); lomitapide (Juxtapid); i-lovastatin (Altoprev); i-lurasidone (Latuda); i-midazolam ethathwe ngomlomo (Versed); ipimozide (i-Orap); i-ranolazine (Ranexa); i-rifampin (Rimactane, Rifadin, eRifamate, eRifater); i-sildenafil (uphawu lwe-Revatio kuphela olusetshenziselwa isifo samaphaphu); simvastatin (iZocor, eVytorin); ISt John's wort; noma i-triazolam (Halcion). Udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzokutshela ukuthi ungathathi i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir uma uphuza eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yale mithi.
• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi ukuthi imiphi eminye imishanguzo kadokotela neyokunganikezwa imishanguzo, amavithamini, nezithako zokudla okunomsoco okwenzayo. Qinisekisa ukusho noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo: ama-anticoagulants (’ama-thinner egazi’) njenge-warfarin (i-Coumadin, i-Jantoven) ne-rivaroxaban powder (i-Xarelto); imishanguzo efana ne-itraconazole (i-Onmel, i-Sporanox), i-isavuconazonium (i-Cresemba), i-ketoconazole (i-Nizoral), ne-voriconazole (i-Vfend); i-atovaquone (iMepron, eMalarone); i-bedaquiline (Sirturo); beta-blocker; i-bosentan (iTracleer); i-bupropion (Wellbutrin, iZyban, abanye); ama-calcium-channel blocker afana ne-felodipine, i-nicardipine (i-Cardene), ne-nifedipine (i-Adalat, i-Afeditab CR, i-Procardia); imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol efana ne-atorvastatin (Lipitor, eCaduet), ne-rosuvastatin (Crestor); i-clarithromycin (i-Biaxin, ku-Prevpac); i-digoxin (i-Lanoxin); elagolix (Orilissa); fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Onsolis, abanye); i-fosamprenavir (Lexiva); imishanguzo ethile yomdlavuza efana ne-abemaciclib (Verzenio), dasatinib (Sprycel), encorafenib (Braftovi), ibrutinib (Imbruvica), ivosidenib (Tibsovo), neratinib (Nerlynx), nilotinib (Tasigna), venetoclax (Venclextine), vin ; imithi ethile yokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile njenge-amiodarone (Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), bepridil (ayisatholakali e-US; i-Vascor), i-lidocaine (i-Lidoderm; e-Xylocaine ne-Epinephrine), ne-quinidine (eNuedexta); imishanguzo ethile yegciwane le-hepatitis C (HCV) njenge-boceprevir (i-Victrelis; ayisatholakali e-U.S.); i-glecaprevir ne-pibrentasvir (iMavyret); simeprevir (ayisatholakali e-U.S .; i-Olysio); i-sofosbuvir, i-velpatasvir, ne-voxilaprevir (i-Sovaldi, i-Epclusa, i-Vosevi); kanye neparitaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir, kanye / noma i-dasabuvir (iViekira Pak); imithi ethile yokuquleka efana ne-carbamazepine (Equetro, Tegretol, Teril, abanye), lamotrigine (Lamictal), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek), ne-valproate; imithi evimbela amasosha omzimba njenge-cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune), ne-tacrolimus (Astagraf, Prograf); i-methadone (i-Dolophine, i-Methadose); i-steroids yomlomo noma ehogelwayo efana ne-betamethasone, i-budesonide (i-Pulmicort), i-ciclesonide (i-Alvesco, i-Omnaris), i-dexamethasone, i-fluticasone (i-Flonase, i-Flovent, e-Advair), i-methylprednisolone (i-Medrol), i-mometasone (e-Dulera). i-prednisone (iRayos), ne-triamcinolone; eminye imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane njenge-abacavir (iZiagen, e-Epzicom, eTrizivir, eminye); atazanavir (Reyataz, e-Evotaz), delavirdine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva, e-Atripla), indinavir (Crixivan), maraviroc (Selzentry), nelfinavir (Viracept), nevirapine (Viramune), ritonavirt (Norvir, Kalevir, Kalevir, (IViread, e-Atripla, eTruvada), tipranavir (Aptivus), saquinavir (Invirase), kanye ne-zidovudine (Retrovir, eCombivir, eTrizivir); i-quetiapine (iSeroquel); i-rifabutin (i-Mycobutin); i-salmeterol (iSerevent, e-Advair); i-sildenafil (i-Viagra); i-tadalafil (i-Adcirca, i-Cialis); i-trazodone; kanye ne-vardenafil (i-Levitra). Uma uthatha isisombululo somlomo, tshela nodokotela wakho uma uthatha i-disulfiram (Antabuse) noma i-metronidazole (i-Flagyl, eNuvessa, eVandazole). Udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha imithamo yemithi yakho noma akuqaphele ngokucophelela ngemiphumela emibi.
• uma uthatha i-didanosine, thatha ihora eli-1 ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 uthathe isiphuzo se-lopinavir ne-ritonavir ngokudla. Uma uthatha amaphilisi e-lopinavir ne-ritonavir, ungawaphuza esiswini esingenalutho ngasikhathi sinye njengoba uphuza i-didanosine.
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nesikhawu eside se-QT (inkinga yenhliziyo engajwayelekile engadala ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukuquleka, noma ukufa okungazelelwe), ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, izinga eliphansi le-potassium egazini lakho, i-hemophilia, i-cholesterol ephezulu noma i-triglycerides (amafutha) egazini, i-pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe), noma isifo senhliziyo noma sesibindi.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir kungehlisa ukusebenza kokuvimbela inzalo ngamahomoni (amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha, amabala, izindandatho, noma imijovo). Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokusebenzisa enye indlela yokulawula ukubeletha.
• tshela udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, hlela ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir, shayela udokotela wakho. Akufanele uncelise ibele uma utheleleke nge-HIV noma uma uthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi izithako ezithile kusisombululo se-lopinavir ne-ritonavir zingadala imiphumela emibi futhi esongela impilo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Isixazululo somlomo se-Lopinavir ne-ritonavir akufanele sinikezwe izingane ezinesikhathi esigcwele ezingaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-14 ubudala noma ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezingaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-14 kudlule usuku lwazo lokuzalwa, ngaphandle uma udokotela ecabanga ukuthi kunesizathu esizwakalayo sokuthi ingane ithole umuthi ngendlela efanele emva kokuzalwa. Uma udokotela wengane yakho ekhetha ukunika ingane yakho i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir solution ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane yakho izobhekwa ngokucophelela ukuze ibhekane nezimpawu zemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela udokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha uma ingane yakho ilele kakhulu noma inezinguquko ekuphefumuleni ngesikhathi yokwelashwa kwayo nge-lopinavir ne-ritonavir solution solution.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi amafutha omzimba wakho angakhuphuka noma ahambele ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho, njengasemhlane wakho ongaphezulu, entanyeni (’’ inyathi ’), amabele, nasesizungeze isisu sakho. Ungaqaphela ukulahleka kwamafutha omzimba ebusweni bakho, emilenzeni nasezingalweni.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi ungathola i-hyperglycemia (iyanda kushukela wakho wegazi) ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi, noma ngabe awunaso vele isifo sikashukela. Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ngenkathi uthatha i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir: ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, ukulamba ngokweqile, ukungaboni kahle, noma ubuthakathaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubiza udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ngoba ushukela wegazi ongelashwa ungadala isimo esibi esibizwa nge-ketoacidosis. I-Ketoacidosis ingasongela impilo uma ingelashwa kusenesikhathi. Izimpawu ze-ketoacidosis zifaka phakathi: umlomo owomile, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukuphefumula okunuka izithelo, nokuncipha kokwazi.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi ngenkathi uthatha imishanguzo yokwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV, amasosha omzimba wakho angaqina futhi aqale ukulwa nezinye izifo ezazivele zisemzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi ube nezimpawu zalezo zifo. Uma unezimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-lopinavir ne-ritonavir, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho.

Ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ngenye indlela, qhubeka nokudla okuvamile.

Thatha umthamo ongabanjwanga ngokushesha nje lapho uwukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo olandelayo, weqa umthamo ongabanjwanga bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile yokulinganisa. Ungathathi umthamo ophindwe kabili ukwenza okulahlekile.

ILopinavir ne-ritonavir kungadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:

• ubuthakathaka
• isifo sohudo
• igesi
• isilungulela
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ikhanda
• ubunzima bokulala noma ukulala
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukuba ndikindiki, ukushiswa, noma ukuncinza ezandleni noma ezinyaweni
• ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:

• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukukhathala ngokweqile
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ubuhlungu engxenyeni engenhla kwesokudla yesisu
• ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma kwamehlo
• isikhumba esilumayo
• isiyezi
• ubumhlophe
• ukuquleka
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• amabhamuza
• ukuqubuka

ILopinavir ne-ritonavir kungadala eminye imiphumela emibi. Shayela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga ezingavamile ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Uma uthola imiphumela emibi kakhulu, wena noma udokotela wakho ungathumela umbiko kuhlelo lwe-Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) noma ngocingo ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina le mithi esitsheni efike ngayo, ivalwe ngokuqinile, futhi lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona. Gcina amaphilisi ekamelweni lokushisa futhi uwavikele kumswakama omningi. Kungcono ukugcina amaphilisi esitsheni abafike ngaso; uma kufanele uzikhiphe esitsheni, kufanele uzisebenzise kungakapheli amasonto ama-2. Ungagcina isisombululo somlomo esiqandisini kuze kufike usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ephrintiwe kulebula, noma ungasigcina ekamelweni lokushisa izinyanga ezifika kwezimbili.

Kubalulekile ukugcina yonke imishanguzo ingabonakali futhi ifinyeleleke ezinganeni njengoba iziqukathi eziningi (njengezingqondo zamaphilisi zamasonto onke kanye nalawo amaconsi wamehlo, okhilimu, amabala, kanye nama-inhalers) azimeleki ezinganeni futhi izingane ezincane zingazivula kalula. Ukuvikela izingane ezisencane ekufakeni ubuthi, hlala uvala amakepisi okuphepha bese ubeka umuthi endaweni ephephile - eyodwa ephezulu futhi engekho futhi engabonakali kubo futhi efinyelela kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Imithi engadingeki kufanele ilahlwe ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo, izingane nabanye abantu abakwazi ukuzidla. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhiphe le mithi ethoyilethi. Esikhundleni salokho, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulahla imithi yakho ngohlelo lokubuyisa umuthi. Khuluma nosokhemisi wakho noma uthinte umnyango wangakini wokulahla udoti / wokusebenzisa kabusha ukuze ufunde ngezinhlelo zokubuyisa emphakathini wakho. Bheka iwebhusayithi yakwa-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ukuthola eminye imininingwane uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuhlelo lokubuyisa.

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile, shayela ucingo losizo lokulawula ubuthi ku-1-800-222-1222. Imininingwane iyatholakala online ku-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Uma isisulu siwile, saba nokuquleka, sinenkinga yokuphefumula, noma singakwazi ukuvuswa, shayela ngokushesha abezimo eziphuthumayo ku-911.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ingane iphuza ngaphezu komthamo ojwayelekile wesisombululo. Isixazululo siqukethe inani elikhulu lotshwala nezinye izithako ezingaba yingozi enganeni.

Gcina wonke ama-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho kanye nelabhorethri. Udokotela wakho uzo-oda izivivinyo ezithile zelebhu ukuze ahlole impendulo yomzimba wakho ku-lopinavir ne-ritonavir.

Ungavumeli omunye umuntu ukuthi athathe imithi yakho. Buza usokhemisi wakho noma imiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokugcwalisa umuthi wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ugcine uhlu olubhaliwe lwayo yonke imishanguzo oyisebenzisayo kadokotela kanye nokungabhaliswanga (ngaphezulu kokuthenga), kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo efana namavithamini, amaminerali, noma ezinye izithako zokudla. Kufanele uze nalolu hlu njalo uma uvakashela udokotela noma uma ungeniswa esibhedlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi nemininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi uphathe uma kwenzeka kunezimo eziphuthumayo.

• I-Kaletra^® (equkethe iLopinavir, Ritonavir)