I-Valproic Acid

-Delile

• Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-valproic acid,
• I-Valproic acid ingadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:
• Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo noma lezo ezibalwe esigabeni ESIBALULEKILE SESEXWAYISO noma SOKUQAPHA, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:
• Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zingafaka okulandelayo:

I-Divalproex sodium, i-valproate sodium, ne-valproic acid, yonke yimithi efanayo esetshenziswa ngumzimba njenge-valproic acid. Ngakho-ke, igama i-valproic acid izosetshenziselwa ukumela yonke le mithi kule ngxoxo.

I-Valproic acid ingadala umonakalo omkhulu noma osongela impilo esibindini okungenzeka ukuthi yenzeke ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokwelashwa. Ingozi yokuthola ukulimala kwesibindi inkulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemibili ubudala futhi futhi zisebenzisa imithi engaphezu kweyodwa ukuvimbela ukuquleka, zinezifo ezithile ezizuzwe njengefa ezingavimbela umzimba ekushintsheni ukudla kube amandla ngokujwayelekile, noma yimuphi umbandela kuthinta ikhono lokucabanga, ukufunda nokuqonda. Tshela udokotela wakho uma unesimo esithile osizuze njengefa esithinta ubuchopho, imisipha, izinzwa, nesibindi (i-Alpers Huttenlocher Syndrome), i-urea cycle disorder (isimo esizuzwe njengefa esithinta ikhono lokugaya amaprotheni), noma isifo sesibindi. Udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzokutshela ukuthi ungathathi i-valproic acid. Uma uqaphela ukuthi ukuquleka kwakho kubi kakhulu noma kwenzeka kaningi noma uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, fonela udokotela wakho ngokushesha: ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukungabi namandla, ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu ohlangothini lwesokunene sesisu sakho, ukungathandi ukudla, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza ,, umchamo omnyama, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma okumhlophe kwamehlo akho, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso.

I-Valproic acid ingadala ukukhubazeka okungathi sína kokuzalwa (izinkinga zomzimba ezikhona lapho kuzalwa), ikakhulukazi ezithinta ubuchopho nomgogodla futhi zingadala ukuhlakanipha okuphansi nezinkinga ngokuhamba nokuxhumanisa, ukufunda, ukuxhumana, imizwa nokuziphatha ezinganeni ezivezwe i-valproic i-asidi ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Tshela udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abakwaziyo ukukhulelwa futhi abangasebenzisi ukulawulwa kokubeletha okusebenzayo akumele bathathe i-valproic acid ukuvimbela ukuphathwa ikhanda kwe-migraine. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathathe kuphela i-valproic acid ukwelapha ukuxhuzula noma i-bipolar disorder (i-manic-depress disorder; isifo esibangela iziqephu zokudangala, iziqephu ze-mania, nezinye izimo ezingavamile) uma eminye imithi ingazange ilawule ngempumelelo izimpawu zayo noma ingeke esetshenzisiwe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zokusebenzisa i-valproic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma ungowesifazane oseminyakeni yobudala bokubeletha, kufaka phakathi amantombazane kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthomba, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa esikhundleni se-valproic acid. Uma kwenziwa isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-valproic acid, kufanele usebenzise ukulawulwa kokubeletha okusebenzayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokulawula ukubeletha ezizokusebenzela. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha i-valproic acid, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. I-Valproic acid ingalimaza umbungu.

I-Valproic acid ingadala umonakalo omkhulu noma osongela impilo kumanyikwe. Lokhu kungenzeka noma nini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha: ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo obuqala endaweni yesisu kepha bungasabalala emhlanjeni wokuhlanza emuva, ukuhlanza, noma ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla.

Gcina wonke ama-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho kanye nelabhorethri. Udokotela wakho uzo-oda izivivinyo ezithile zelebhu ukuze ahlole impendulo yakho ku-valproic acid.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zokuthatha i-valproic acid noma ngokunikeza i-valproic acid enganeni yakho.

Udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi uzokunikeza ishidi lemininingwane yesiguli lomkhiqizi (Umhlahlandlela Wezokwelapha) lapho uqala ukwelashwa nge-valproic acid futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho ugcwalisa umuthi wakho. Funda imininingwane ngokucophelela bese ubuza udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho uma unemibuzo. Ungavakashela futhi iwebhusayithi ye-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm) noma iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi ukuthola i-Medication Guide.

I-Valproic acid isetshenziswa yodwa noma neminye imithi yokwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zokuquleka. I-Valproic acid isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-mania (iziqephu zesidina, imizwa ejabule ngokungajwayelekile) kubantu abane-bipolar disorder (i-manic-depress disorder; isifo esibangela iziqephu zokucindezeleka, iziqephu ze-mania, nezinye izimo ezingavamile). Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuvimbela ukuphathwa yikhanda le-migraine kepha hhayi ukukhulula ikhanda elivele seliqalile. I-Valproic acid isekilasini lemithi ebizwa ngama-anticonvulsants. Isebenza ngokwandisa inani lezinto ezithile zemvelo ebuchosheni.

I-Valproic acid iza njenge-capsule, ithebhulethi ekhishwa isikhathi eside (esebenza isikhathi eside), ukukhishwa okulibazisekile (kukhipha umuthi emathunjini ukuvimbela ukulimala esiswini) ithebhulethi, i-capsule (i-capsule equkethe ubuhlalu obuncane bemithi ingafafazwa ekudleni), nesiraphu (uketshezi) ongayiphuza ngomlomo. Isiraphu, amaphilisi, amaphilisi okukhipha okulibazisekile, namaphilisi afafaza ngokuvamile athathwa izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu nsuku zonke. Amathebulethi akhishwa isikhathi eside athathwa kanye ngosuku. Thatha i-valproic acid ngasikhathi sinye nsuku zonke. Thatha i-valproic acid ngokudla ukusiza ukuvimbela umuthi ekuphazamiseni isisu sakho. Landela izinkomba ezikulebuli kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, bese ubuza udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho ukuthi akuchaze nganoma iyiphi ingxenye ongayiqondi. Thatha i-valproic acid njengoba nje iyalelwe. Ungayithathi kancane noma uyithathe kaningi kunokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho.

Gwinya amaphilisi avamile, i-capsule ekhishwe ukubambezeleka, namaphilisi wokukhishwa okunwetshiwe ephelele; ungawahlukanisi, ungawahlafune noma uwagxoze.

Ungagwinya amaphilisi we-sprinkle uphelele, noma ungavula ama-capsule bese ufafaza ubuhlalu obuqukethe ku-isipuni sokudla okuthambile, njenge-appleauce noma i-pudding. Gwinya inhlanganisela yobuhlalu bokudla nemithi ngemuva nje kokuyilungisa. Qaphela ukuthi ungahlafune ubuhlalu. Musa ukugcina inhlanganisela engasetshenziswanga yokudla nemithi.

Ungahlanganisi isiraphu kunoma yisiphi isiphuzo se-carbonated.

Imikhiqizo ye-Divalproex sodium, i-valproate sodium, nemikhiqizo ye-valproic acid imuncwa ngumzimba ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi ayinakufakwa esikhundleni somunye. Uma udinga ukushintsha usuka komunye umkhiqizo uye komunye, udokotela wakho angadinga ukulungisa umthamo wakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uthola umuthi wakho, hlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uwutholile yini umkhiqizo obunikezwe wona. Buza usokhemisi wakho uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uthole umuthi ofanele.

Udokotela wakho angakuqala ngomthamo ophansi we-valproic acid futhi akhuphule kancane umthamo wakho.

IValproic acid ingasiza ukulawula isimo sakho kepha ngeke iselaphe. Qhubeka uthathe i-valproic acid noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-valproic acid ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho, noma ngabe uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi njengokushintsha okungavamile kokuziphatha noma kwemizwelo noma uma uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe. Uma ngokungazelelwe uyeka ukuthatha i-valproic acid, ungahle uthole ukuhlaselwa okunzima, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okungenzeka kusongele impilo. Udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzokwehlisa umthamo wakho kancane kancane.

I-Valproic acid kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuqhuma kobudlova ezinganeni ezinenkinga yokunganakekelwa (ADHD; ubunzima obengeziwe bokugxila noma bokuhlala buthule noma buthule kunabanye abantu abalinganayo). Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezingozi zokusebenzisa lo muthi ngesimo sakho.

Lo muthi kwesinye isikhathi ubekelwa okunye ukusetshenziswa. Buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-valproic acid,

• Tshela udokotela kanye nosokhemisi wakho uma une-aleji ye-valproic acid, noma imiphi eminye imithi, noma iziphi izithako zohlobo lwe-valproic acid obunikezwe yona. Buza usokhemisi wakho ukuthola uhlu lwezithako.
• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo kadokotela neyokungabhalisi, amavithamini, izithako zokudla okunempilo, nemikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo noma ohlela ukuyithatha. Qiniseka ukuthi usho noma yikuphi okulandelayo: i-acyclovir (i-Zovirax), i-anticoagulants ('i-blood thinner') efana ne-warfarin (i-Coumadin), i-amitriptyline, i-aspirin, i-carbamazepine (i-Tegretol), i-cholestyramine (i-Prevalite), i-clonazepam (i-Klonopin), i-diazepam (i-Valium) ), i-doripenem (i-Doribax), i-ertapenem (i-Invanz), i-ethosuximide (i-Zarontin), i-felbamate (i-Felbatol), imishanguzo ethile yokuvimbela inzalo yamahomoni (amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha, izindandatho, iziqeshana, izimila, imijovo, kanye nezinto zangaphakathi), imipenem ne-cilastatin (Primaxin), i-lamotrigine (i-Lamictal), imishanguzo yokukhathazeka noma yokugula kwengqondo, i-meropenem (i-Merrem), i-nortriptyline (i-Pamelor), i-phenobarbital, i-phenytoin (i-Dilantin), i-primidone (i-Mysoline), i-rifampin (i-Rifadin), i-rufinamide (i-Banzel), imishanguzo, amaphilisi okulala, i-tolbutamide , i-topiramate (i-Topamax), i-tranquilizers, ne-zidovudine (Retrovir). Udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha imithamo yemithi yakho noma akuqaphele ngokucophelela ngemiphumela emibi.
• utshele udokotela wakho uma ngabe uke waba neziqephu zokudideka nokulahlekelwa yikhono lokucabanga nokuqonda, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha; ikhoma (ukulahlekelwa ukwazi isikhathi esithile); ubunzima bokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza kwakho; igciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-HIV); noma i-cytomegalovirus (CMV; igciwane elingadala izimpawu kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka).
• tshela udokotela wakho uma uncelisa.
• uma uhlinzwa, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa kwamazinyo, tshela udokotela noma udokotela wamazinyo ukuthi uthatha i-valproic acid.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi i-valproic acid ingakwenza ukozele. Ungashayeli imoto noma usebenzise imishini uze wazi ukuthi lo muthi ukuthinta kanjani.
• khumbula ukuthi utshwala bungangezela ukozela okubangelwa yilomuthi.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi i-valproic acid ingadala ukozela ngokweqile okungadala ukuthi udle noma uphuze kancane kunalokho obejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma usumdala. Tshela udokotela wakho uma ungakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza njengoba ujwayele ukwenza.
• kufanele wazi ukuthi impilo yakho yengqondo ingashintsha ngezindlela ezingalindelekile futhi ungazibulala (ucabanga ngokuzilimaza noma ukuzibulala noma ukuhlela noma ukuzama ukwenza kanjalo) ngenkathi uthatha i-valproic acid yokwelapha isithuthwane, ukugula ngengqondo, noma ezinye izimo . Inani elincane labantu abadala nezingane ezineminyaka engu-5 nangaphezulu (cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-500) abathathe ama-anticonvulsants afana ne-valproic acid ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene phakathi kwezifundo zokwelashwa baba nokuzibulala ngesikhathi belashwa. Abanye balaba bantu bahlakulela imicabango yokuzibulala nokuziphatha kungakapheli isonto elilodwa beqale ukuthatha umuthi. Kunobungozi bokuthi ungathola ushintsho empilweni yakho yengqondo uma uthatha umuthi we-anticonvulsant ofana ne-valproic acid, kepha kungahle kube nengozi yokuthi uzohlangabezana nezinguquko empilweni yakho yengqondo uma isimo sakho singelashwa. Wena nodokotela wakho nizonquma ukuthi izingozi zokuthatha umuthi we-anticonvulsant zinkulu yini kunezingozi zokungawuthathi umuthi. Wena, umndeni wakho, noma umnakekeli wakho kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ukwethuka; ukuphazamiseka noma ukungahlaliseki; ukucasuka okusha noma okuya kuba kubi, ukukhathazeka, noma ukucindezeleka; ukwenza izinkanuko eziyingozi; ubunzima bokulala noma ukulala; ulaka, intukuthelo, noma ukuziphatha okunodlame; i-mania (i-frenzied, imood ejabule ngokungavamile); ukukhuluma noma ukucabanga ngokufuna ukuzilimaza noma ukuqeda impilo yakho; ukuhoxa kubangani nomndeni; ukukhathazeka ngokufa nokufa; ukuphana ngezinto eziyigugu; noma olunye uguquko olungajwayelekile ekuziphatheni noma emoyeni. Qiniseka ukuthi umndeni wakho noma umnakekeli wakho uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba zimbi kakhulu ukuze bakwazi ukubiza udokotela uma ungakwazi ukuzifunela ukwelashwa wedwa.

Ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ngenye indlela, qhubeka nokudla okuvamile.

Thatha umthamo ongabanjwanga ngokushesha nje lapho uwukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekuyisikhathi sedosi yakho elandelayo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka nesimiso sakho sokulinganisa. Ungathathi umthamo ophindwe kabili ukwenza okulahlekile.

I-Valproic acid ingadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:

• ukozela
• isiyezi
• ikhanda
• isifo sohudo
• ukuqunjelwa
• izinguquko ekudleni
• izinguquko zesisindo
• ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• ukuyaluza
• ukushintsha kwemizwelo
• ukucabanga okungavamile
• ukuzamazama okungalawuleki kwengxenye yomzimba
• izinkinga zokuhamba noma ukuxhumanisa
• ukunyakaza okungalawuleki kwamehlo
• ukufiphala noma ukubona kabili
• kukhala ezindlebeni
• ukulahleka kwezinwele

Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo noma lezo ezibalwe esigabeni ESIBALULEKILE SESEXWAYISO noma SOKUQAPHA, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:

• ukulimaza noma ukopha okungavamile
• amabala amancane ansomi noma abomvu esikhunjeni
• imfiva
• ukuqubuka
• ukulinyazwa
• isifuba
• ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukugwinya
• izindlala ezivuvukele
• ukuvuvukala kobuso, amehlo, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo
• isikhumba esihlabayo noma esishayayo
• ukudideka
• ukukhathala
• ukuhlanza
• ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa komzimba
• ubuthakathaka noma ukuvuvukala emalungeni

I-Valproic acid ingadala eminye imiphumela emibi. Shayela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga ezingavamile ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Uma uthola imiphumela emibi kakhulu, wena noma udokotela wakho ungathumela umbiko kuhlelo lwe-Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) noma ngocingo ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina le mithi esitsheni efike ngayo, ivalwe ngokuqinile, futhi lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona. Yigcine ekamelweni lokushisa, kude nokushisa okweqile nomswakama (hhayi endlini yangasese).

Imithi engadingeki kufanele ilahlwe ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo, izingane nabanye abantu abakwazi ukuzidla. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhiphe le mithi ethoyilethi. Esikhundleni salokho, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulahla imithi yakho ngohlelo lokubuyisa umuthi. Khuluma nosokhemisi wakho noma uthinte umnyango wangakini wokulahla udoti / wokusebenzisa kabusha ukuze ufunde ngezinhlelo zokubuyisa emphakathini wakho. Bheka iwebhusayithi yakwa-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ukuthola eminye imininingwane uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuhlelo lokubuyisa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina yonke imishanguzo ingabonakali futhi ifinyeleleke ezinganeni njengoba iziqukathi eziningi (njengezingqondo zamaphilisi zamasonto onke kanye nalawo amaconsi wamehlo, okhilimu, amabala, kanye nama-inhalers) azimeleki ezinganeni futhi izingane ezincane zingazivula kalula. Ukuvikela izingane ezisencane ekufakeni ubuthi, hlala uvala amakepisi okuphepha bese ubeka umuthi endaweni ephephile - eyodwa ephezulu futhi engekho futhi engabonakali kubo futhi efinyelela kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile, shayela ucingo losizo lokulawula ubuthi ku-1-800-222-1222. Imininingwane iyatholakala online ku-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Uma isisulu siwile, saba nokuquleka, sinenkinga yokuphefumula, noma singakwazi ukuvuswa, shayela ngokushesha abezimo eziphuthumayo ku-911.

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zingafaka okulandelayo:

• ubuthongo
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• ikhoma (ukulahlekelwa ukwazi isikhathi esithile)

Uma uthatha amaphilisi wokufafaza, ungaqaphela ubuhlalu bemithi esitokisini sakho. Lokhu kujwayelekile futhi akusho ukuthi awutholanga umthamo ophelele wemithi.

Uma unesifo sikashukela futhi udokotela wakho ekutshele ukuthi uhlole umchamo wakho ngamaketoni, tshela udokotela ukuthi uthatha i-valproic acid. I-Valproic acid ingadala imiphumela engeyona ekuhlolweni komchamo ngamaketoni.

Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi uvivinyo lwelabhoratri, tshela udokotela wakho nabasebenzi belebhuthi ukuthi uthatha i-valproic acid.

Ungavumeli omunye umuntu ukuthi athathe imithi yakho. Buza usokhemisi wakho noma imiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokugcwalisa umuthi wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ugcine uhlu olubhaliwe lwayo yonke imishanguzo oyisebenzisayo kadokotela kanye nokungabhaliswanga (ngaphezulu kokuthenga), kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo efana namavithamini, amaminerali, noma ezinye izithako zokudla. Kufanele uze nalolu hlu njalo uma uvakashela udokotela noma uma ungeniswa esibhedlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi nemininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi uphathe uma kwenzeka kunezimo eziphuthumayo.

• UDepakene^®
• I-Depakote^®
• I-Depakote^® ER
• I-Depakote^® Fafaza

• I-Divalproex sodium
• I-Valproate sodium