Ukujova kwe-Insulin yomuntu

-Delile

• Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin,
• Lo muthi ubangela ushintsho kushukela wakho wegazi. Kufanele wazi izimpawu zikashukela wegazi ophansi futhi ophakeme nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma unalezi zimpawu.
• I-insulin yomuntu ingadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:
• Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:
• Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-insulin yomuntu kungenzeka uma usebenzisa i-insulin yomuntu ngokweqile noma uma usebenzisa inani elifanele le-insulin yomuntu kepha udle okuncane kunokujwayelekile noma uzivocavoca ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-insulin yomuntu kungadala i-hypoglycemia. Uma unezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uba ne-hypoglycemia. Ezinye izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:

I-insulin yomuntu isetshenziselwa ukulawula ushukela wegazi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (isimo lapho umzimba ungenzi i-insulin ngakho-ke awukwazi ukulawula inani likashukela egazini) noma kubantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela (isimo lapho ushukela egazini uphakeme kakhulu ngoba umzimba awukhiqizi noma usebenzise i-insulin ngokujwayelekile) ongeke ulawulwe ngemithi yomlomo kuphela. I-insulin yomuntu isekilasini lemithi ebizwa ngamahomoni. I-insulin yomuntu isetshenziselwa ukuthatha indawo ye-insulin evame ukukhiqizwa ngumzimba. Isebenza ngokusiza ukuhambisa ushukela egazini uye kwezinye izicubu zomzimba lapho usetshenziselwa khona amandla. Iphinde ime isibindi ekukhiqizeni ushukela owengeziwe. Zonke izinhlobo ze-insulin ezikhona zisebenza ngale ndlela. Izinhlobo ze-insulin ziyehluka kuphela ekutheni ziqala ukusebenza ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi ziqhubeka isikhathi eside kangakanani ukulawula ushukela wegazi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye noshukela ophakeme wegazi bangakhula babe nezinkinga ezinkulu noma ezisongela impilo, kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, izinkinga zezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa nezinkinga zamehlo. Ukusebenzisa imithi, ukwenza izinguquko endleleni ophila ngayo (isb., Ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, ukuyeka ukubhema), nokuhlola njalo ushukela wegazi lakho kungasiza ukuphatha isifo sikashukela futhi kuthuthukise impilo yakho. Lokhu kwelashwa kunganciphisa namathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela njengokuhluleka kwezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa (okundikindiki, imilenze ebandayo noma izinyawo; ukwehla kwekhono lezocansi kwabesilisa nabesifazane), izinkinga zamehlo, kufaka phakathi izinguquko noma ukulahleka kombono, noma isifo sezinsini. Udokotela wakho nabanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazokhuluma nawe ngendlela engcono yokuphatha isifo sikashukela.

I-insulin yomuntu iza njengesisombululo (uketshezi) nokumiswa (uketshezi olunezinhlayiya ezizohlala ngokuma). ukujova ngomgogodla (ngaphansi kwesikhumba). I-insulin yomuntu ivamise ukujojelwa ngomgogodla izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, futhi kungadingeka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-insulin. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo (ama) lwe-insulin ongayisebenzisa, ukuthi usebenzise i-insulin engakanani, nokuthi uyijova kangaki i-insulin. Landela lezi zinkomba ngokucophelela. Ungayisebenzisi kakhulu noma ngaphansi i-insulin noma uyisebenzise kaningi kunokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho.

Isixazululo se-insulin yomuntu (i-Myxredlin, i-Humulin R U-100, i-Novolin R) nayo ingajovwa ngemithambo (emthanjeni) ngudokotela noma umhlengikazi endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokuqapha ngokucophelela ngemiphumela engemihle.

I-insulin yomuntu ilawula ushukela ophakeme wegazi kepha ayiselaphi isifo sikashukela. Qhubeka nokusebenzisa i-insulin yomuntu noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. Ungayeki ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungashintsheli kolunye uhlobo noma uhlobo lwe-insulin noma ushintshe umthamo wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-insulin oyisebenzisayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

I-insulin yomuntu iza ngezimbiza, amadivayisi we-dosing alahlwayo, kanye ne-cartridges. Ama-cartridges aklanyelwe ukufakwa ezibayeni zokulinganisa. Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwesitsha i-insulin yakho engenayo nokuthi iziphi ezinye izinto, njengezinaliti, imijovo, noma izibaya, ozodinga ukujova umuthi wakho. Qiniseka ukuthi igama negama eliku-insulin yakho yilokho kanye okuyalelwe udokotela wakho.

Uma i-insulini yakho yomuntu ifika ezimbizeni, kuzodingeka usebenzise imijovo ukujova umthamo wakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi ngabe i-insulin yakho yomuntu ingu-U-100 noma u-U-500 futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi usebenzise umjovo omakwe walolo hlobo lwe-insulin. Njalo sebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwenaliti nomjovo. Buza udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho uma unemibuzo ngohlobo lomjovo okufanele uwusebenzise. Funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayidonsela kanjani i-insulin esirinji bese ujova umthamo wakho. Buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ungawujova kanjani umthamo wakho.

Uma i-insulin yakho yomuntu ifika kuma-cartridges, ungahle udinge ukuthenga ipeni le-insulin ngokwehlukana. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngohlobo lwepeni okufanele ulisebenzise. Funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo eza nepeni lakho, bese ucela udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho ukuthi akubonise ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani.

Uma i-insulin yakho yomuntu iza ngedivayisi elahlwayo yokulahla, funda imiyalelo eza nale divayisi ngokucophelela. Cela udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthi akubonise ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani le divayisi.

Ungalokothi usebenzise izinaliti noma imijovo futhi ungalokothi wabelane ngezinaliti, imijovo, ama-cartridges noma amapeni. Uma usebenzisa ipeni le-insulin, hlala njalo ngenaliti ngemuva nje kokujova umthamo wakho. Lahla izinaliti nemijovo esitsheni esingamelana nokubhoboza. Buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthi ungasilahla kanjani isitsha esingamelana nokubhoboza.

Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uhlanganise izinhlobo ezimbili ze-insulin esirinji efanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela kahle ukuthi ungazidweba kanjani zombili izinhlobo ze-insulin esirinji. Landela lezi zinkomba ngokucophelela. Njalo dweba uhlobo olufanayo lwe-insulini kusipontsho kuqala, futhi njalo sebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwezinaliti. Ungalokothi uhlanganise izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-insulin esirinji ngaphandle uma utshelwa ngudokotela wakho ukuthi wenze kanjalo.

Hlala ubheka i-insulin yakho yomuntu ngaphambi kokujova. Uma usebenzisa i-insulin ejwayelekile yomuntu (i-Humulin R, i-Novolin R), i-insulin kufanele icace, ingabi nombala, futhi ibe uketshezi njengamanzi. Ungalusebenzisi lolu hlobo lwe-insulin uma lubonakala lunamafu, lujiyile, noma lunemibala, noma uma lunezinhlayiya eziqinile. Uma usebenzisa i-NPH insulin yomuntu (Humulin N, Novolin N) noma i-insulin engaphambi kwesikhathi equkethe i-NPH (Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30), i-insulin kufanele ibonakale inamafu noma ibisi ngemuva kokuyixuba. Ungazisebenzisi lezi zinhlobo ze-insulin uma kukhona izigaxa ketshezi noma uma kunezinhlayiya ezimhlophe eziqinile ezinamathela ezansi noma ezindongeni zebhodlela. Ungasebenzisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-insulin ngemuva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi oluprintwe ebhodleleni.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-insulin yomuntu kufanele zinyakaziswe noma zijikeleziswe ukuxubana ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthi ngabe uhlobo lwe-insulin oyisebenzisayo kufanele luxutshwe nokuthi kufanele ulixube kanjani uma kunesidingo.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi mayelana nokuthi kufanele ufake kuphi i-insulin yomuntu emzimbeni wakho. Ungafaka i-insulin yakho esiswini, engalweni ephezulu, emlenzeni ongaphezulu, noma ezinqeni. Ungafaki i-insulini yomuntu emisipheni, izibazi, noma ama-moles. Sebenzisa isiza esihlukile ngomjovo ngamunye, okungenani u-1/2 intshi (1.25 amasentimitha) kude nendawo yangaphambilini yomjovo kodwa endaweni efanayo (isibonelo, ithanga). Sebenzisa wonke amasayithi atholakalayo endaweni efanayo ngaphambi kokushintshela kwenye indawo (ngokwesibonelo, ingalo ephezulu).

Lo muthi ungabekelwa okunye ukusetshenziswa. Buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin,

• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi uma unalengozi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-insulin noma yimuphi omunye umuthi.
• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo kadokotela neyokungabhalisi, amavithamini, izithako zokudla okunempilo, nemikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo noma ohlela ukuyithatha.Qiniseka ukuthi usho noma yikuphi okulandelayo: i-albuterol (i-Proair, i-Proventil, i-Ventolin, abanye); i-alpha blockers efana ne-doxazosin (Cardura), i-prazosin (i-Minipress), i-terazosin (i-Hytrin), i-tamsulosin (i-Flomax), ne-alfuzosin (i-Uroxatral); i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors efana ne-benazepril (Lotensin), i-captopril (i-Capoten), i-enalapril (i-Vasotec), i-fosinopril (i-Monopril), i-lisinopril (i-Zestril), i-moexipril (i-Univasc), i-perindopril, (i-Aceoponil (Ace) , ramipril (Altace), kanye ne-trandolapril (Mavik); ama-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) afana ne-candesartan (Atacand), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar, e-Hyzaar), valsartan (Diovan), abanye; imishanguzo; i-asparaginase (Elspar); i-antipsychotic efana ne-aripiprazole (Abilify), i-clozapine (i-Clozaril, i-Fazaclo, i-Versacloz), i-olanzapine (i-Zyprexa, e-Symbyax), i-risperidone (i-Risperdal), abanye; ama-beta blockers anjenge-atenolol (Tenormin), i-carvedilol (Coreg), i-labetalol (i-Normodyne), i-metoprolol (i-Lopressor, i-Toprol XL), i-nadolol (i-Corgard), i-pindolol, i-propranolol (i-Inderal), i-sotalol (i-Betapace, i-Sorine) ne-timolol (i-Blocadren) ); i-clonidine (iCatapres, iKapvay); i-danazol; diazoxide (Proglycem); i-disopyramide (iNorpace); i-diuretics ('amaphilisi amanzi'); imicu efana ne-fenofibrate (Fenoglide, Tricor, Trilipix), fenofibric acid (Fibricor), gemfibrozil (Lopid); i-isoniazid (eRifater, eRifamate); i-lithium; imithi yesifuba somoya nemikhuhlane; imithi yokugula kwengqondo noma isicanucanu; i-monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors efana ne-isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), ne-tranylcypromine (iParnate); izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zamahomoni (amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha, amabala, izindandatho, imijovo, noma okufakelwa); i-niacin (i-Niacor, i-Niaspan, iSlo-Niacin); i-octreotide (iSandostatin); imishanguzo yomlomo yesifo sikashukela efana ne-pioglitazone (Actos, e-Actoplus Met nabanye) ne-rosiglitazone (i-Avandia, e-Avandamet nabanye); i-steroids yomlomo efana ne-dexamethasone (i-Decadron, i-Dexone), i-methylprednisolone (i-Medrol), ne-prednisone (i-Deltasone); ipentamidine (Nebupent); i-pentoxifylline (Pentoxil); i-pramlintide (Symlin); I-HIV protease inhibitors (PI) efana ne-atazanavir (Reyataz, e-Evotaz), darunavir (Prezista), indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir; eKaletra, Viekira Pak, nabanye); i-quinine; i-quinidine; ubuhlungu be-salicylate buqeda njenge-aspirin; somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope, Zomacton, abanye); i-sulfa antibiotic; i-terbutaline (iBrethine); nemithi yegilo. Udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha imithamo yemithi yakho noma akuqaphele ngokucophelela ngemiphumela emibi.
• utshele udokotela wakho uma uke waba nomonakalo wezinzwa obangelwa yisifo sikashukela; ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo; noma inhliziyo, i-adrenal (indlala encane eseduze kwezinso), i-pituitary (indlala encane ebuchosheni), igilo, isibindi noma isifo sezinso.
• tshela udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, hlela ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi usebenzisa i-insulin yomuntu, shayela udokotela wakho.
• uma uhlinzwa, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa kwamazinyo, tshela udokotela noma udokotela wamazinyo ukuthi usebenzisa i-insulin yomuntu.
• Utshwala bungadala ukwehla kukashukela egazini. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kweziphuzo ezidakayo ngenkathi usebenzisa i-insulin yomuntu.
• buza udokotela wakho ukuthi wenzeni uma ugula, uba nengcindezi engajwayelekile, uhlela ukuhamba unqamule izindawo ezinesikhathi, noma ushintshe izinga lokuzivocavoca nomsebenzi. Lezi zinguquko zingathinta ushukela wegazi lakho kanye nenani le-insulin yomuntu ongayidinga.
• buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlole kaningi kangakanani ushukela wegazi lakho. Yazi ukuthi i-hypoglycemia ingathinta ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi efana nokushayela bese ubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi udinga ukuhlola ushukela wegazi ngaphambi kokushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini.

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela zonke izincomo zokuzivocavoca nezokudla ezenziwa ngudokotela wakho noma udokotela odlayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi udle ukudla okunempilo futhi udle inani elilinganayo lezinhlobo ezifanayo zokudla cishe ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke. Ukweqa noma ukubambezela ukudla noma ukushintsha inani noma uhlobo lokudla okudlayo kungadala izinkinga ngokulawulwa kukashukela egazini lakho.

Uma uqala ukusebenzisa i-insulin yomuntu, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi enzeni uma ukhohlwa ukujova umthamo ngesikhathi esifanele. Bhala lezi zinkomba ukuze ukwazi ukubheka kuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lo muthi ubangela ushintsho kushukela wakho wegazi. Kufanele wazi izimpawu zikashukela wegazi ophansi futhi ophakeme nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma unalezi zimpawu.

I-insulin yomuntu ingadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:

• ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, nokunwaya endaweni yomjovo
• izinguquko ekuzizweleni kwesikhumba sakho, ukuqina kwesikhumba (ukwakha amafutha), noma ukucindezeleka okuncane esikhunjeni (ukonakala kwamafutha)
• ukuzuza kwesisindo
• ukuqunjelwa

Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:

• ukuqubuka kanye / noma ukulunywa emzimbeni wonke
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isifuba
• isiyezi
• ukungaboni kahle
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukujuluka
• ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukugwinya
• ubuthakathaka
• amajaqamba
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• ukuzuza okukhulu kwesisindo esikhathini esifushane
• ukuvuvukala kwezingalo, izandla, izinyawo, amaqakala, noma imilenze engezansi

Uma uthola imiphumela emibi kakhulu, wena noma udokotela wakho ungathumela umbiko kuhlelo lwe-Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) noma ngocingo ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina izitsha ezingavulwa ze-insulini yomuntu, amadivayisi wokulahla angavulwa nezibaya ze-insulin ezingavulwa esiqandisini. Ungafaki i-insulini yomuntu futhi ungasebenzisi i-insulin yomuntu efriziwe. Izitsha ezivuliwe ze-insulini yomuntu kufanele zigcinwe esiqandisini kodwa futhi zingagcinwa nasekamelweni lokushisa, endaweni epholile ekude nokushisa nelanga eliqondile. Isitolo savula izibaya ze-insulin yomuntu futhi savula amadivayisi wokulinganisa ekamelweni lokushisa. Hlola imininingwane yomkhiqizi ukuthola ukuthi ungayigcina isikhathi esingakanani ipeni lakho noma idosi yokulinganisa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala.

Imithi engadingeki kufanele ilahlwe ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo, izingane nabanye abantu abakwazi ukuzidla. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhiphe le mithi ethoyilethi. Esikhundleni salokho, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulahla imithi yakho ngohlelo lokubuyisa umuthi. Khuluma nosokhemisi wakho noma uthinte umnyango wangakini wokulahla udoti / wokusebenzisa kabusha ukuze ufunde ngezinhlelo zokubuyisa emphakathini wakho. Bheka iwebhusayithi yakwa-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ukuthola eminye imininingwane uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuhlelo lokubuyisa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina yonke imishanguzo ingabonakali futhi ifinyeleleke ezinganeni njengoba iziqukathi eziningi (njengezingqondo zamaphilisi zamasonto onke kanye nalawo amaconsi wamehlo, okhilimu, amabala, kanye nama-inhalers) azimeleki ezinganeni futhi izingane ezincane zingazivula kalula. Ukuvikela izingane ezisencane ekufakeni ubuthi, hlala uvala amakepisi okuphepha bese ubeka umuthi endaweni ephephile - eyodwa ephezulu futhi engekho futhi engabonakali kubo futhi efinyelela kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile, shayela ucingo losizo lokulawula ubuthi ku-1-800-222-1222. Imininingwane iyatholakala online ku-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Uma isisulu siwile, saba nokuquleka, sinenkinga yokuphefumula, noma singakwazi ukuvuswa, shayela ngokushesha abezimo eziphuthumayo ku-911.

Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-insulin yomuntu kungenzeka uma usebenzisa i-insulin yomuntu ngokweqile noma uma usebenzisa inani elifanele le-insulin yomuntu kepha udle okuncane kunokujwayelekile noma uzivocavoca ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-insulin yomuntu kungadala i-hypoglycemia. Uma unezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uba ne-hypoglycemia. Ezinye izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:

• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• isithuthwane

Gcina wonke ama-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho kanye nelabhorethri. Ushukela wegazi kanye ne-hemoglobin eglycosylated (HbA1c) kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuthola impendulo yakho ku-insulin yomuntu. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela nokuthi ungayihlola kanjani impendulo yakho ku-insulin yomuntu ngokukala amazinga egazi lakho noma umchamo ekhaya. Landela lezi zinkomba ngokucophelela.

Kufanele njalo ufake isongo lokuhlonza isifo sikashukela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele esimeni esiphuthumayo.

Ungavumeli omunye umuntu asebenzise imithi yakho. Buza usokhemisi wakho noma imiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokugcwalisa umuthi wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ugcine uhlu olubhaliwe lwayo yonke imishanguzo oyisebenzisayo kadokotela kanye nokungabhaliswanga (ngaphezulu kokuthenga), kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo efana namavithamini, amaminerali, noma ezinye izithako zokudla. Kufanele uze nalolu hlu njalo uma uvakashela udokotela noma uma ungeniswa esibhedlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi nemininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi uphathe uma kwenzeka kunezimo eziphuthumayo.

• IHumulin R^®
• UHumulin N^®
• I-Humulin 70/30^®
• I-Humulin 50/50^®¶
• Humulin R U-500^®
• Myxredlin^®
• UNovolin R^®
• UNovolin N^®
• UNovolin 70/30^®

^¶ Lo mkhiqizo onophawu alusekho emakethe. Ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zingatholakala.