Ukufakelwa kwesibindi

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi ukuhlinzwa ukufaka isibindi esigulayo ngesibindi esinempilo.

Isibindi esinikelwayo singavela ku:

• Umxhasi osanda kushona futhi ongazange alimale esibindini. Lolu hlobo lomnikeli lubizwa nge-cadaver donor.
• Kwesinye isikhathi, umuntu ophilile uzonikela ngengxenye yesibindi sakhe kumuntu onesibindi esinesifo. Isibonelo, umzali anganikela enganeni. Lolu hlobo lomnikeli lubizwa ngokuthi ngumnikeli ophilayo. Isibindi siyakwazi ukuphinde sizikhule. Bobabili abantu bavame ukuphela nezibindi ezisebenza ngokugcwele ngemuva kokufakelwa ngempumelelo.

Isibindi somnikeli sithuthwa ngesisombululo samanzi usawoti (amanzi anosawoti) apholile agcina isitho amahora afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili. Ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kungenziwa lapho ukufanisa umnikeli nomamukeli.

Isibindi esisha siyasuswa kumnikeli ngokusikeka kokuhlinzwa esiswini esingenhla. Ibekwa kumuntu odinga isibindi (obizwa ngokuthi umamukeli) futhi unamathiselwe emithanjeni yegazi nakumapayipi enyongo. Lo msebenzi ungathatha amahora angafika kwayi-12. Umamukeli uzodinga inani elikhulu legazi ngokumpontshelwa.

Isibindi esinempilo senza imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-400 usuku ngalunye, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukwenza i-bile, ebalulekile ekugayeni ukudla
• Ukwenza amaprotheni asiza ekunqandeni igazi
• Ukususa noma ukuguqula amabhaktheriya, imithi, kanye nobuthi egazini
• Ukugcina ushukela, amafutha, insimbi, ithusi, namavithamini

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokufakelwa kwesibindi ezinganeni yi-biliary atresia. Ezimweni eziningi zalezi zimo, ukufakelwa okuvela kumnikeli ophilayo.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokufakelwa kwesibindi kubantu abadala yi-cirrhosis. I-Cirrhosis iyisibazi sesibindi esivimbela isibindi ukuthi sisebenze kahle. Kungaba kubi ukwehluleka kwesibindi. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi yizi:

• Ukutheleleka isikhathi eside nge-hepatitis B noma i-hepatitis C
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile isikhathi eside
• I-Cirrhosis ngenxa yesifo sesibindi esingenamafutha
• Ubuthi obunzima kusuka ekudleni ngokweqile kwe-acetaminophen noma ngenxa yokudla amakhowe anobuthi.
  

Ezinye izifo ezingadala ukuqina kwesibindi nokuhluleka kwesibindi zifaka:

• I-hepatitis ezenzakalelayo
• I-hepatic vein blood clot (i-thrombosis)
• Ukulimala kwesibindi kusuka kubuthi noma emithini
• Izinkinga ngohlelo lokudonswa kwesibindi (ipheshana le-biliary), njenge-cirrhosis eyinhloko ye-biliary noma i-primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Izinkinga ze-Metabolic zethusi noma i-iron (Isifo seWilson ne-hemochromatosis)

Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwesibindi akuvame ukunconywa kubantu abane:

• Ukutheleleka okuthile, njengesifo sofuba noma i-osteomyelitis
• Kunzima ukuthatha imithi izikhathi eziningana usuku ngalunye izimpilo zabo zonke
• Isifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu (noma ezinye izifo ezisongela impilo)
• Umlando womdlavuza
• Ukutheleleka, njenge-hepatitis, okubhekwa njengokusebenza
• Ukubhema, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma izidakamizwa, noma eminye imikhuba eyingozi yokuphila

Izingozi zanoma iyiphi i-anesthesia yilezi:

• Izinkinga ukuphefumula
• Ukusabela emithini

Izingozi zanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Ukopha
• Isifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi
• Ukutheleleka

Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwesibindi nokuphathwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kunezingozi ezinkulu. Kunobungozi obandayo bokutheleleka ngoba kufanele uthathe imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa komzimba. Izimpawu zokutheleleka zifaka:

• Uhudo
• Amapayipi amanzi
• Imfiva
• I-jaundice
• Ububomvu
• Ukuvuvukala
• Ubumnene

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokudlulisela esikhungweni sokufakelwa kabusha. Ithimba lokufakelwa kabusha lizofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo wokufakelwa kwesibindi. Uzovakasha okumbalwa emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Uzodinga ukuthi udonswe igazi kuthathwe nama-x-ray.

Uma ungumuntu othola isibindi esisha, izivivinyo ezilandelayo zizokwenziwa ngaphambi kwenqubo:

• Izicubu nokuthayipha kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ngeke usenqabe isibindi esinikelwe
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ukuhlola ukutheleleka
• Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo njenge-ECG, i-echocardiogram, noma i-catheterization yenhliziyo
• Uvivinyo lokubheka umdlavuza wokuqala
• Ukuhlolwa kokubheka isibindi sakho, i-gallbladder, amanyikwe, amathumbu amancane, nemithambo yegazi ezungeze isibindi
• Colonoscopy, kuye ngeminyaka yakho

Ungakhetha ukubheka isikhungo esisodwa noma eziningi zokufakelwa ukuze unqume ukuthi yikuphi okulungele wena.

• Buza isikhungo ukuthi zingaki ukufakelwa abakwenzayo minyaka yonke, kanye namazinga abo okusinda. Qhathanisa lezi zinombolo nalezo zezinye izikhungo zokufakelwa.
• Buza ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu osizo abanayo, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokuhamba nezindlu abazinikezayo.
• Buza ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esimaphakathi sokulinda ukufakelwa isibindi.

Uma iqembu lokufakelwa licabanga ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo wokufakelwa isibindi, uzofakwa ohlwini lokulinda lukazwelonke.

• Indawo yakho ohlwini lokulinda isuselwa ezicini eziningi. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka uhlobo lwezinkinga zesibindi onazo, ukuthi sinzima kangakanani isifo sakho, kanye nethuba lokuthi ukufakelwa kabusha kuzophumelela.
• Isikhathi osichitha ohlwini lokulinda ngokuvamile akusona isici sokuthi usithola kanjani isibindi maduzane, ngaphandle kwezingane.

Ngenkathi usalinde isibindi, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Landela noma yikuphi ukudla okunconywa yithimba lakho lokufakelwa.
• Ungaphuzi utshwala.
• Ungabhemi.
• Gcina isisindo sakho ebangeni elifanele. Landela uhlelo lokuzivocavoca olunconywa umhlinzeki wakho.
• Thatha yonke imithi obekelwe yona. Bika ushintsho emithini yakho nakunoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha ezintsha noma eziba zimbi eqenjini lokufakelwa kabusha.
• Landelela umhlinzeki wakho ojwayelekile kanye neqembu lokufakelwa kunoma yikuphi ukuqokwa okwenziwe.
• Qiniseka ukuthi iqembu lokufakelwa linezinombolo zakho zocingo ezifanele, ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana nawe ngokushesha uma kutholakala isibindi. Qiniseka ukuthi, noma ngabe uyaphi, ungaxhumana ngokushesha futhi kalula.
• Lungisa yonke into ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuya esibhedlela.

Uma uthole isibindi esinikelwe, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela isonto noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzodinga ukulandelwa eduze ngudokotela impilo yakho yonke. Uzohlolwa igazi njalo ngemuva kokufakelwa.

Isikhathi sokululama sinezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-12. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lingakucela ukuthi uhlale eduze nesibhedlela izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Uzodinga ukuhlolwa njalo, ngokuhlolwa kwegazi nama-x-ray iminyaka eminingi.

Abantu abathola ukufakelwa isibindi bangasenqaba isitho esisha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha abo omzimba abona isibindi esisha njengento engaphandle futhi azame ukusicekela phansi.

Ukugwema ukwenqatshwa, cishe bonke abemukelwa ngokufakelwa kumele bathathe imishanguzo ecindezela ukuphendula komzimba wabo impilo yabo yonke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-immunosuppressive therapy. Yize ukwelashwa kusiza ukuvimbela ukwaliwa komzimba, kubeka nabantu engcupheni enkulu yokutheleleka kanye nomdlavuza.

Uma uthatha umuthi wokuzivikela emzimbeni, udinga ukuhlolwa njalo umdlavuza. Imithi futhi ingadala umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, futhi kwandise nezingozi zesifo sikashukela.

Ukufakelwa kabusha ngempumelelo kudinga ukulandelelwa okusondele nomhlinzeki wakho. Kufanele njalo uthathe umuthi wakho njengoba uyalelwe.

Ukufakelwa kwe-hepatic; Ukufakelwa kabusha - isibindi; Ukufakelwa kwesibindi se-Orthotopic; Ukwehluleka kwesibindi - ukufakelwa kwesibindi; I-Cirrhosis - ukufakelwa kwesibindi

• Okunamathiselwe kwesibindi somnikeli
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi - uchungechunge

UCarrion AF, ukufakelwa kukaMartin P. Isibindi. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. Sleisenger kanye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 97.

U-Everson GT. Ukwehluleka kwe-hepatic nokufakelwa kwesibindi ku: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 145.