I-Metformin

-Delile

• Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-metformin,
• Lo muthi ungadala ushintsho kushukela wakho wegazi. Kufanele wazi izimpawu zikashukela wegazi ophansi futhi ophakeme nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma unalezi zimpawu.
• I-Metformin ingadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima, ungahambi, uhambe ubuye, noma ungaqali isikhashana ngemuva kokuqala ukuthatha i-metformin:
• Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nenye yalezi zimpawu noma lezo ezibalwe esigabeni ESIBALULEKILE SEXWAYISO, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:
• Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zingafaka phakathi izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia kanye nokulandelayo:

I-Metformin ingahle ingabangi isimo esibi, esisongela impilo esibizwa nge-lactic acidosis. Tshela udokotela wakho uma unesifo sezinso. Udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzokutshela ukuthi ungathathi i-metformin. Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala futhi uma wake wahlaselwa yinhliziyo; unhlangothi; i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (ushukela wegazi ophakeme ngokwanele ukudala izimpawu ezinzima futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo); ikhoma; noma isifo senhliziyo noma sesibindi. Ukuthatha eminye imithi nge-metformin kungakhuphula ubungozi be-lactic acidosis. Tshela udokotela wakho uma uthatha i-acetazolamide (Diamox), i-dichlorphenamide (Keveyis), i-methazolamide, i-topiramate (i-Topamax, e-Qsymia), noma i-zonisamide (i-Zonegran).

Tshela udokotela wakho uma ngabe usanda kuba nalezi zimo ezilandelayo, noma uma uzenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa: ukutheleleka okunzima; uhudo olunzima, ukuhlanza, noma imfiva; noma uma uphuza uketshezi oluncane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Kungadingeka uyeke ukuthatha i-metformin uze ululame.

Uma uhlinzwa, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa kwamazinyo, noma iyiphi inqubo enkulu yezokwelapha, tshela udokotela ukuthi uthatha i-metformin. Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma uhlela ukuba nenqubo ethile ye-x-ray lapho kufakwa khona udayi, ikakhulukazi uma uphuza noma wake waphuza utshwala obuningi noma unesifo sesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ungadinga ukuyeka ukuthatha i-metformin ngaphambi kwenqubo bese ulinda amahora angama-48 ukuqala kabusha ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela kahle ukuthi kufanele uyeke nini ukuthatha i-metformin nokuthi kufanele uqale nini ukuyithatha futhi.

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, yeka ukuthatha i-metformin bese ushayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha: ukukhathala ngokweqile, ubuthakathaka, noma ukungakhululeki; isicanucanu; ukuhlanza; ubuhlungu besisu; ukuncipha kokudla; ukuphefumula okujulile nokusheshayo noma ukuphefumula okuncane; isiyezi; ikhanda elikhanyayo; ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okuhamba kancane; ukuqhuma kwesikhumba; ubuhlungu bemisipha; noma uzizwa ubanda, ikakhulukazi ezandleni noma ezinyaweni zakho.

Tshela udokotela wakho uma uphuza njalo utshwala noma kwesinye isikhathi uphuza utshwala obuningi ngesikhathi esifushane (ukuzitika ngokweqile). Ukuphuza utshwala kwandisa ingozi yokuba ne-lactic acidosis noma kungadala ukwehla kweshukela egazini. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungakanani utshwala obuphephile ukuphuza ngenkathi uthatha i-metformin.

Gcina wonke ama-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho kanye nelabhorethri. Udokotela wakho uzo-oda izivivinyo ezithile ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze abheke ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani nempendulo yomzimba wakho ku-metformin. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngengozi (s) yokuthatha i-metformin.

I-Metformin isetshenziswa yodwa noma ngeminye imithi, kufaka phakathi i-insulin, ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili (isimo lapho umzimba ungasebenzisi i-insulin ngokujwayelekile futhi, ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukulawula inani likashukela egazini). IMetformin isesigabeni semithi ebizwa ngama-biguanides. I-Metformin isiza ukulawula inani le-glucose (ushukela) egazini lakho. Iyanciphisa inani le-glucose oyiphuzayo ekudleni kwakho kanye nenani le-glucose elenziwe yisibindi sakho. I-Metformin futhi inyusa impendulo yomzimba wakho ku-insulin, into yemvelo elawula inani le-glucose egazini. IMetformin ayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (isimo lapho umzimba ungakhiqizi i-insulin ngakho-ke awukwazi ukulawula inani likashukela egazini).

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye noshukela ophakeme wegazi bangakhula babe nezinkinga ezinkulu noma ezisongela impilo, kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, izinkinga zezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa nezinkinga zamehlo. Ukuthatha imishanguzo, ukwenza ushintsho endleleni ophila ngayo (isb., Ukudla, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuyeka ukubhema), nokuhlola njalo ushukela wegazi lakho kungasiza ukuphatha isifo sikashukela nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho. Lokhu kwelashwa kunganciphisa namathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela njengokuhluleka kwezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa (okundikindiki, imilenze ebandayo noma izinyawo; ukwehla kwekhono lezocansi kwabesilisa nabesifazane), izinkinga zamehlo, kufaka phakathi izinguquko noma ukulahleka kombono, noma isifo sezinsini. Udokotela wakho nabanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazokhuluma nawe ngendlela engcono yokuphatha isifo sikashukela.

IMetformin iza njengoketshezi, ithebhulethi, kanye nethebhulethi ekhishwe isikhathi eside (esebenza isikhathi eside) ezothathwa ngomlomo. Uketshezi kuvame ukuthathwa ngokudla kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Ithebhulethi ejwayelekile ivame ukuthathwa ngokudla kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Ithebhulethi ekhishwa isikhathi eside ithathwa kanye nsuku zonke ngesidlo sakusihlwa. Ukukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthatha i-metformin, yithathe ngasikhathi sinye nsuku zonke. Landela izinkomba ezikulebuli kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, bese ubuza udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho ukuthi akuchaze nganoma iyiphi ingxenye ongayiqondi. Thatha i-metformin njengoba iqondisiwe. Ungayithathi kancane noma uyithathe kaningi kunokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho.

Swallow metformin enwetshiwe amaphilisi aphelele; ungawahlukanisi, ungawahlafune noma uwagxoze.

Udokotela wakho angakuqala ngomthamo ophansi we-metformin futhi kancane kancane akhuphule umthamo wakho hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kwesisodwa njalo emavikini ayi-1-2. Uzodinga ukuqapha ushukela wegazi lakho ngokucophelela ukuze udokotela wakho akwazi ukutshela ukuthi i-metformin isebenza kahle kangakanani.

IMetformin ilawula isifo sikashukela kepha ayiselaphi. Qhubeka uthathe i-metformin noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-metformin ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Buza usokhemisi noma udokotela wakho ikhophi lemininingwane yomkhiqizi yesiguli.

Lo muthi ungabekelwa okunye ukusetshenziswa; buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-metformin,

• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi uma unegciwane ku-metformin, noma iziphi izithako ze-metformin liquid noma amaphilisi, noma yimuphi omunye umuthi. Buza usokhemisi wakho noma hlola imininingwane yesiguli somkhiqizi ukuthola uhlu lwezithako.
• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi ukuthi imiphi eminye imishanguzo kadokotela neyokungabhalisi, amavithamini, izithasiselo zokudla okunempilo, nemikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo. Qiniseka ukuthi usho noma ikuphi kokulandelayo: i-amiloride (Midamor); i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors efana ne-benazepril (Lotensin, eLotrel), i-captopril, i-enalapril (i-Vasotec, ngesi-Vaseretic), i-fosinopril, i-lisinopril (e-Zestoretic), i-moexipril (i-Univasc), i-perindopril (i-Aceon) , ramipril (Altace), kanye ne-trandolapril (Mavik); ama-beta-blockers anjenge-atenolol (Tenormin), labetalol (Trandate), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard, eCorzide), nepropranolol (Hemangeol, Inderal, InnoPran); ama-calcium channel blocker afana ne-amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Diltzac, others), felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine (Cardene), nifedipine (Adalat, Afeditab CR, Procardia), nimodipine (Nymalize), nisoldipine (Sular), kanye ne-verapamil (Calan, Covera, Verelan, eTarka); i-cimetidine (Tagamet); i-digoxin (i-Lanoxin); isisu (‘amaphilisi amanzi’); i-furosemide (i-Lasix); ukwelashwa kwe-hormone esikhundleni; i-insulin noma eminye imithi yesifo sikashukela; i-isoniazid (iLaniazid, eRifamate, eRifater); imithi yesifuba somoya nemikhuhlane; imithi yokugula ngengqondo kanye nesicanucanu; imithi yesifo se-thyroid; i-morphine (i-MS Contin, abanye); i-niacin; izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo (’amaphilisi okulawula inzalo); i-steroids yomlomo efana ne-dexamethasone, i-methylprednisolone (i-Medrol), ne-prednisone (i-Rayos); i-phenytoin (iDilantin, Phenytek); procainamide; i-quinidine (ku-Nuedexta); i-quinine; i-ranitidine (iZantac); i-triamterene (Dyrenium, eMaxzide, abanye); i-trimethoprim (i-Primsol); noma i-vancomycin (i-Vancocin). Udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha imithamo yemithi yakho noma akuqaphele ngokucophelela ngemiphumela emibi.
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma ngabe uke waba nesimo esithile sezempilo noma wake waba naso, ikakhulukazi labo okukhulunywe ngabo esigabeni ESIBALULEKILE SEXWAYISO.
• utshele udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, hlela ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha i-metformin, shayela udokotela wakho.
• tshela udokotela wakho uma udla kancane noma uzivocavoca umzimba kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungathinta ushukela wegazi lakho. Udokotela wakho uzokunika imiyalo uma lokhu kwenzeka.

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela zonke izincomo zokuzivocavoca nezokudla ezenziwa ngudokotela wakho noma udokotela odlayo. Kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okunempilo.

Thatha umthamo ongabanjwanga ngokushesha nje lapho uwukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo olandelayo, weqa umthamo ongabanjwanga bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile yokulinganisa. Ungathathi umthamo ophindwe kabili ukwenza okulahlekile.

Lo muthi ungadala ushintsho kushukela wakho wegazi. Kufanele wazi izimpawu zikashukela wegazi ophansi futhi ophakeme nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma unalezi zimpawu.

I-Metformin ingadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima, ungahambi, uhambe ubuye, noma ungaqali isikhashana ngemuva kokuqala ukuthatha i-metformin:

• isifo sohudo
• ukuqunjelwa
• ubuhlungu besisu
• igesi
• ukugaya ukudla
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukunambitheka kwensimbi okungathandeki emlonyeni
• isilungulela
• ikhanda
• ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• izipikili ziyashintsha
• ubuhlungu bemisipha

Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nenye yalezi zimpawu noma lezo ezibalwe esigabeni ESIBALULEKILE SEXWAYISO, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukuqubuka

I-Metformin ingadala eminye imiphumela emibi. Shayela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga ezingavamile ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Uma uthola imiphumela emibi kakhulu, wena noma udokotela wakho ungathumela umbiko kuhlelo lwe-Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) noma ngocingo ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina le mithi esitsheni efike ngayo, ivalwe ngokuqinile, futhi lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona. Yigcine ekamelweni lokushisa kude nokukhanya, ukushisa okweqile, nomswakama (hhayi endlini yangasese).

Imithi engadingeki kufanele ilahlwe ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo, izingane nabanye abantu abakwazi ukuzidla. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhiphe le mithi ethoyilethi. Esikhundleni salokho, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulahla imithi yakho ngohlelo lokubuyisa umuthi. Khuluma nosokhemisi wakho noma uthinte umnyango wangakini wokulahla udoti / wokusebenzisa kabusha ukuze ufunde ngezinhlelo zokubuyisa emphakathini wakho. Bheka iwebhusayithi yakwa-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ukuthola eminye imininingwane uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuhlelo lokubuyisa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina yonke imishanguzo ingabonakali futhi ifinyeleleke ezinganeni njengoba iziqukathi eziningi (njengezingqondo zamaphilisi zamasonto onke kanye nalawo amaconsi wamehlo, okhilimu, amabala, kanye nama-inhalers) azimeleki ezinganeni futhi izingane ezincane zingazivula kalula. Ukuvikela izingane ezisencane ekufakeni ubuthi, hlala uvala amakepisi okuphepha bese ubeka umuthi endaweni ephephile - eyodwa ephezulu futhi engekho futhi engabonakali kubo futhi efinyelela kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile, shayela ucingo losizo lokulawula ubuthi ku-1-800-222-1222. Imininingwane iyatholakala online ku-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Uma isisulu siwile, saba nokuquleka, sinenkinga yokuphefumula, noma singakwazi ukuvuswa, shayela ngokushesha abezimo eziphuthumayo ku-911.

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zingafaka phakathi izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia kanye nokulandelayo:

• ukukhathala ngokweqile
• ubuthakathaka
• ukungakhululeki
• ukuhlanza
• isicanucanu
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukuncipha kokudla
• ukuphefumula okujulile, okusheshayo
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isiyezi
• ubumhlophe
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okuhamba kancane
• ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ngizwe kubanda

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani impendulo yakho kulo muthi ngokulinganisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ekhaya. Landela le miyalo ngokucophelela.

Uma uthatha amaphilisi akhululiwe, ungaqaphela okuthile okubukeka njengethebhulethi kusitulo sakho. Leli igobolondo nje elingenalutho lethebhulethi, futhi lokhu akusho ukuthi awutholanga umthamo wakho ophelele wemithi.

Kufanele njalo ufake isongo lokuhlonza isifo sikashukela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele esimeni esiphuthumayo.

Ungavumeli omunye umuntu ukuthi athathe imithi yakho. Buza usokhemisi wakho noma imiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokugcwalisa umuthi wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ugcine uhlu olubhaliwe lwayo yonke imishanguzo oyisebenzisayo kadokotela kanye nokungabhaliswanga (ngaphezulu kokuthenga), kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo efana namavithamini, amaminerali, noma ezinye izithako zokudla. Kufanele uze nalolu hlu njalo uma uvakashela udokotela noma uma ungeniswa esibhedlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi nemininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi uphathe uma kwenzeka kunezimo eziphuthumayo.

• I-Fortamet^®
• I-Glucophage^®
• UGlumetza^®
• I-Riomet^®
• Trijardy^® (njengomkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe oqukethe i-Empagliflozin, i-Linagliptin, i-Metformin)

• I-Actoplus Met^® (equkethe iMetformin, iPioglitazone)
• I-Avandamet^® (equkethe iMetformin, iRosiglitazone)
• I-Invokamet^® (equkethe iCanagliflozin, iMetformin)
• UJanumet^® (equkethe iMetformin, iSitagliptin)
• Jentadueto^® (equkethe iLinagliptin, Metformin)
• Kazano^® (equkethe i-Alogliptin, iMetformin)
• UKombiglyze^® I-XR (equkethe iMetformin, iSaxagliptin)
• I-Metaglip^® (equkethe iGlipizide, Metformin)^¶
• Prandimet^® (equkethe iMetformin, Repaglinide)
• Qternmet^® XR (equkethe iDapagliflozin, Metformin, Saxagliptin), Segluromet^® (equkethe i-Ertugliflozin, iMetformin)
• Okufanayo^® (equkethe i-Empagliflozin, Metformin)
• Xigduo^® I-XR (equkethe iDapagliflozin, Metformin)

^¶ Lo mkhiqizo onophawu alusekho emakethe. Ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zingatholakala.