Kuyini Ukutheleleka Nge-HIV Okunamandla?

-Delile

• Kuyini ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?
• Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?
• Yini ebangela ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?
• Ubani osengozini yokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?
• Ngabe kutholakala kanjani ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody
• Okunye ukuhlolwa
• Kuphathwa kanjani ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?
• Uyini umbono womuntu onegciwane elibi le-HIV?
• Kungavinjelwa kanjani ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?
• Umuntu one-HIV angakutholaphi ukwesekwa?

Kuyini ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?

Ukutheleleka nge-HIV okuyisigaba sokuqala se-HIV, futhi kuhlala kuze kube yilapho umzimba usuzakhele amasosha omzimba alwa naleli gciwane.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuqala masonto amabili kuya kwamane emva kokuba umuntu esethole i-HIV. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo kwe-HIV noma i-acute retroviral syndrome. Ngalesi sigaba sokuqala, igciwane liyanda ngesivinini esisheshayo.

Ngokungafani namanye amagciwane, amasosha omzimba ngokuvamile angalwa nawo, i-HIV ayinakususwa amasosha omzimba.

Isikhathi eside, igciwane lihlasela futhi libhubhise amaseli omzimba, kushiye amasosha omzimba engakwazi ukulwa nezinye izifo nezifo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaholela esigabeni sekwephuzile se-HIV, esaziwa nge-AIDS noma isigaba 3 se-HIV.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole i-HIV kumuntu onegciwane elibi le-HIV ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphindeka kwamagciwane ngalesi sikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu abanesifo esibi se-HIV abazi nokuthi balitholile yini leli gciwane.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zokuqala zixazulula zodwa noma zingahle ziphazanyiswe ngesinye isifo esifana nomkhuhlane. Ukuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba okujwayelekile kwe-HIV akuhlali kukwazi ukuthola lesi sigaba se-HIV.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ziyafana nalezo zomkhuhlane nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ngakho abantu bangasola ukuthi bathole i-HIV.

Eqinisweni, ukulinganiswa kwabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-1.2 e-United States abaphila ne-HIV, cishe amaphesenti ayi-14 abo abazi ukuthi banalo leli gciwane. Ukuhlolwa ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla zingabandakanya:

• ukuqubuka
• imfiva
• Ukugodola
• ikhanda
• ukukhathala
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ukujuluka ebusuku
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• izilonda ezivela emlonyeni noma emlonyeni, esophagus, noma ezithweni zangasese
• ama-lymph node avuvukile
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• isifo sohudo

Akuzona zonke izimpawu ezingaba khona, futhi abantu abaningi abanesifo esibi se-HIV abanazo izimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu eba nezimpawu, angahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma aze afike kumaviki ama-4, bese enyamalala ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?

Ukutheleleka ngamandla nge-HIV kwenzeka emavikini amabili kuya kwamane ngemuva kokuchayeka okokuqala kwaleli gciwane. I-HIV idluliselwa nge:

• ukumpontshelwa igazi okungcolisiwe, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kuka-1985
• ukwabelana imijovo noma izinaliti nomuntu ophila ne-HIV
• ukuxhumana negazi, isidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma uketshezi lwendunu oluqukethe i-HIV
• ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa uma umama ene-HIV

I-HIV ayidluliswa ngokuthintana okungajwayelekile komzimba, njengokugona, ukuqabulana, ukubambana ngezandla, noma ukwabelana ngezinto zokudla.

Amathe awadlulisi i-HIV.

Ubani osengozini yokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?

I-HIV ingathinta abantu banoma ibuphi ubudala, ubulili, ubuhlanga, noma ubulili. Kodwa-ke, izici zokuziphatha zingabeka amaqembu athile engcupheni eyandayo ye-HIV. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• abantu ababelana ngezinaliti nemijovo
• amadoda alala namadoda

Ngabe kutholakala kanjani ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?

Uma umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo esola ukuthi umuntu une-HIV, bazokwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukubheka ukuthi unegciwane yini.

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngeke kuthole ukutheleleka okunamandla kwe-HIV.

Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV kubheka ama-antibody e-HIV kunaleli gciwane uqobo. Ama-antibody amaphrotheni abona futhi aqede izinto eziyingozi, njengama-virus namagciwane.

Ukuba khona kwama-antibodies athile kuvame ukukhombisa ukutheleleka okukhona manje. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokudluliswa kokuqala kwama-antibodies e-HIV.

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba yomuntu ingenayo kodwa umhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo akholelwa ukuthi bangaba negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, nabo bangahlolwa umthamo wegciwane egazini.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo futhi angacela ukuba baphinde bahlole ukuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba emasontweni ambalwa kamuva ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-antibody athuthukile.

Okunye ukuhlolwa

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingakwazi ukubona izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla zibandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesisindo segciwane le-HIV RNA
• p24 ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-antigen
• ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-HIV antigen kanye ne-antibody (okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesizukulwane sesine)

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi i-p24 antigen kuthola i-p24 antigen, iphrotheni etholakala kuphela kubantu abane-HIV. I-antigen yinto engaziwa edala ukuphendula komzimba emzimbeni.

Ukuhlolwa kwesizukulwane sesi-4 ukuhlolwa okubucayi kakhulu, kepha akuhlali kuthola ukutheleleka phakathi kwamasonto amabili okuqala.

Abantu abenza ukuhlolwa kwesizukulwane sesine noma i-p24 antigen test yegazi nabo bazodinga ukuqinisekisa isimo sabo se-HIV ngokuhlolelwa umthamo wegciwane egazini.

Noma ngubani oye wachayeka ku-HIV futhi okungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezana nokutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla kufanele ahlolwe khona manjalo.

Uma umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo azi ukuthi othile ube nokuchayeka ku-HIV muva nje, bazosebenzisa olunye lwezivivinyo ezikwazi ukuthola ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?

Ukwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile kubantu abatholakale bene-HIV.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo nososayensi bayavuma ukuthi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi ngemishanguzo okumele isetshenziswe yibo bonke abantu abane-HIV abakulungele ukuqala ukuphuza imishanguzo yansuku zonke.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa imiphumela yegciwane kumasosha omzimba.

Imishanguzo emisha yezidambisigciwane ivame ukubekezelelwa kahle kakhulu, kodwa kuhlale kukhona amathuba emiphumela engemihle.

Uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi uhlangabezana nomphumela ohlangothini noma ukusabela okweqile emithini yakhe, kufanele axhumane nomhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Ngokungeziwe ekwelashweni, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangaphakamisa nezinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila, kufaka phakathi:

• ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganisela ukusiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba
• ukwenza ucansi ngamakhondomu noma ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye nokuthola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs)
• ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka, okunganciphisa futhi amasosha omzimba
• ukugwema ukuvezwa kubantu abanezifo kanye namagciwane, ngoba amasosha omzimba alabo abane-HIV angaba nesikhathi esinzima sokuphendula kulesi sifo
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo
• ukuhlala usebenza futhi ugcina ukuzilibazisa
• ukunciphisa noma ukugwema utshwala nokujova izidakamizwa
• usebenzisa izinaliti ezihlanzekile lapho ujova izidakamizwa
• ukuyeka ukubhema

Uyini umbono womuntu onegciwane elibi le-HIV?

Alikho ikhambi le-HIV, kepha ukwelashwa kuvumela abantu abane-HIV ukuthi baphile impilo ende futhi enempilo. Umbono ungcono kakhulu kubantu abaqala ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba i-HIV ilimaze amasosha abo omzimba.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okulungile kusiza ukuvimbela i-HIV idlulele engculazini.

Ukwelashwa okuyimpumelelo kuthuthukisa kokubili isikhathi sokuphila kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yomuntu ophila ne-HIV. Ezimweni eziningi, i-HIV ibhekwa njengesimo esingelapheki futhi ingalawulwa isikhathi eside.

Ukwelashwa kungasiza futhi umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ukuthi afinyelele kumthamo wegciwane lengculazi ongabonakali, lapho azokwazi khona ukudlulisela i-HIV kozakwethu abenza nabo ucansi.

Kungavinjelwa kanjani ukutheleleka nge-HIV okunamandla?

Ukutheleleka ngamandla nge-HIV kungavinjelwa ngokugwema ukuchayeka egazini, isidoda, uketshezi lwendunu, noketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane somuntu ophila ne-HIV.

Ngezansi kunezindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV:

• Nciphisa ukuvezwa ngaphambi kocansi, ngesikhathi nangemva kocansi. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvimbela ziyatholakala kufaka phakathi amakhondomu (owesilisa noma owesifazane), i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), ukwelashwa njengokuvimbela (TasP), ne-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinaliti. Ungalokothi wabelane noma usebenzise kabusha izinaliti lapho ujova izidakamizwa noma uthola i-tattoo. Amadolobha amaningi anezinhlelo zokushintshana ngezinaliti ezinikezela ngezinaliti eziyinyumba.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuphatha ngenkathi uphatha igazi. Uma uphatha igazi, sebenzisa amagilavu ​​we-latex nezinye izithiyo.
• Hlolela i-HIV namanye ama-STI. Ukuhlolelwa ukuphela kwendlela umuntu angazi ngayo ukuthi une-HIV noma enye i-STI. Labo abahlolwa ukuthi banegciwane bangafuna ukwelashwa okungagcina kuqede ubungozi bokudlulisela i-HIV kozakwabo abalala nabo. Ukuhlolelwa nokwelashwa kwama-STI kunciphisa ubungozi bokuwadlulisela kumlingani ocansini. I-CDC okungenani ihlola minyaka yonke kubantu abajova izidakamizwa noma abaya ocansini ngaphandle kwekhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimbela.

Umuntu one-HIV angakutholaphi ukwesekwa?

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kungakhungathekisa abanye abantu ngokomzwelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola inethiwekhi yokusekela enamandla yokusiza ekubhekaneni nanoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okuba khona.

Kunezinhlangano eziningi nabantu abazinikele ekusekeleni abantu abaphila ne-HIV, kanye nemiphakathi eminingi yasendaweni kanye ne-inthanethi enganikeza ukwesekwa.

Ukukhuluma nomeluleki noma ukujoyina iqembu labasekeli kuvumela abantu abane-HIV ukuthi baxoxe ngokukhathazeka kwabo nabanye abangakwazi ukuqondana nalokho abhekene nakho.

Izinombolo zocingo zamaqembu e-HIV ngombuso zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-Health Resources and Services Administration.