Amanani okusinda kanye ne-Outlook ye-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

-Delile

• Ayini amazinga okusinda kwe-AML?
• Izingane ezine-AML
• Yiziphi izinto ezithonya izinga lokusinda?
• Ubudala bunamuphi umphumela ezingeni lokusinda?
• Uhlobo luni lwe-AML lunomphumela kuzinga lokusinda?
• Impendulo yokwelashwa inamuphi umphumela ezingeni lokusinda?
• Umuntu angakufuna kanjani ukwesekwa?
• Buza imibuzo
• Thola izinhlangano ezinikeza ukusekelwa
• Joyina iqembu lokusekela
• Finyelela kubangani nomndeni
• Thola izindlela ezijabulisayo zokuqeda ukucindezeleka

Iyini i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

I-Acute myeloid leukemia, noma i-AML, uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta umnkantsha negazi. Kuyaziwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-acute myelogenous leukemia kanye ne-non-lymphocytic leukemia. I-AML uhlobo lwesibili lwe-leukemia oluvame kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Odokotela babiza i-AML ngokuthi "i-acute" ngoba isimo singathuthuka ngokushesha. Igama elithi "leukemia" lisho umdlavuza womnkantsha wamathambo namaseli egazi. Igama elithi myeloid, noma i-myelogenous, libhekisela ohlotsheni lweseli oluthintayo.

Amaseli we-Myeloid ayizandulela kwamanye amaseli egazi. Imvamisa la maseli aqhubeka nokukhula abe ngamaseli abomvu egazi (ama-RBC), ama-platelets nezinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBCs). Kepha ku-AML, abakwazi ukukhula ngendlela ejwayelekile.

Lapho umuntu ene-AML, amaseli awo we-myeloid ayashintsha futhi akhe ukuqhuma kwe-leukemic. Lawa maseli awasebenzi njengamaseli ajwayelekile enza. Bangakwazi ukugcina umzimba ungenzi amaseli ajwayelekile, anempilo.

Ekugcineni, umuntu uzoqala ukuswela ama-RBC athwala umoya-mpilo, amaplatelets avimbela ukopha kalula, nama-WBC avikela umzimba ezifweni. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi umzimba wabo umatasa kakhulu wenza amangqamuzana wokuqhuma kwegazi.

Umphumela ungabulala. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi, i-AML iyisifo eselaphekayo.

Ayini amazinga okusinda kwe-AML?

Intuthuko ekwelashweni komdlavuza nasekuqondeni kodokotela kwalesi sifo kusho ukuthi bayanda abantu abasinda kulesi sifo unyaka nonyaka.

Njalo ngonyaka odokotela bathola abantu abalinganiselwa ku-19,520 e-United States abane-AML. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangu-10,670 abafayo abenzeka minyaka yonke ngenxa yalesi sifo.

Iningi labantu abane-AML bathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Le mithi ibulala ngokushesha amaseli ahlukanisayo, njengamaseli womdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungaholela ekuxolelweni, okusho ukuthi umuntu akanazo izimpawu zesifo futhi ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi akhe kusebangeni elijwayelekile.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 abantu abanohlobo lwe-AML olwaziwa njenge-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) bazongena ekuxolelweni ngemuva "kokungeniswa" (umzuliswano wokuqala) we-chemo. Lokhu kushiwo yi-American Cancer Society (ACS).Kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-AML, izinga lokuxolelwa lingamaphesenti angama-67.

Labo abadala kuneminyaka yobudala engama-60 abaphenduli ekwelashweni futhi, cishe ingxenye yabo iya ekuxolelweni ngemuva kokungeniswa.

Abanye abantu abangena ekuthethelelweni bahlala ekuthethelelweni. Noma kunjalo, kwabaningi, i-AML ingabuya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwe-AML singamaphesenti angama-27.4, ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute (NCI). Lokhu kusho ukuthi emashumini ezinkulungwane zabantu baseMelika abaphila ne-AML, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-27.4 asaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Izingane ezine-AML

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezine-AML zibhekwa njengengozi ephansi kunabantu abadala. Cishe amaphesenti angama-85 kuye kwangama-90 ezingane ezine-AML zizoxolelwa ngemuva kokufakwa, ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society. I-AML izobuya kwezinye izimo.

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lezingane ezine-AML lingamaphesenti angama-60 kuye kwangama-70.

Yiziphi izinto ezithonya izinga lokusinda?

Umbono nokubikezela kwe-AML kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Odokotela babheka izinto eziningi lapho benikeza umuntu isibikezelo, njengeminyaka yomuntu noma uhlobo lwe-AML.

Okuningi kusekelwe emiphumeleni nasekuhlaziyweni kokuhlolwa kwegazi, izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe, izivivinyo ze-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), kanye ne-bone marrow biopsies.

Abanye abantu abanesibikezelo esibi baphila iminyaka eminingi kakhulu kunalokho okuqagulwe ngudokotela ngenkathi abanye bengahlali isikhathi eside.

Ubudala bunamuphi umphumela ezingeni lokusinda?

Iminyaka yobudala ephakathi yomuntu otholwe ene-AML ineminyaka engama-68 ubudala.

Ubudala bungaba yinto enkulu ekunqumeni impendulo yokwelashwa kwe-AML. Odokotela bayazi ukuthi amazinga okusinda kulabo abatholakala bene-AML athembisa kakhulu kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60.

Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Abanye abantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60 bangaba nezimo ezingalapheki noma bangabi nempilo enhle. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima emizimbeni yabo ukuphatha imishanguzo enamandla yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza ezihambisana ne-AML.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abadala abaningi asebekhulile abane-AML abakutholi ukwelashwa kwalesi simo.

Ucwaningo lwango-2015 luthole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-40 kuphela abantu abangama-66 kuya phezulu athola i-chemotherapy ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuxilongwa. Ngaphandle kokwehluka kwempendulo yokwelashwa phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene (noma ama-cohort), amazinga okusinda jikelele wabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nengama-74 ubudala athuthukile eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule, ngokusho kocwaningo luka-2011.

Uhlobo luni lwe-AML lunomphumela kuzinga lokusinda?

Odokotela bavame ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-AML ngokushintshwa kweseli. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuguquka kwamaseli ziyaziwa ukuthi ziphendula kakhulu ekwelashweni. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-CEBPA eguquliwe futhi inv (16) amaseli we-CBFB-MYH11.

Okunye ukuguquka kwamaseli kungamelana nokwelashwa kakhulu. Izibonelo zifaka i-del (5q) ne-inv (3) RPN1-EVI1. I-oncologist yakho izokutshela ukuthi hlobo luni noma izinhlobo zokuguqulwa kweseli ongaba nazo.

Impendulo yokwelashwa inamuphi umphumela ezingeni lokusinda?

Abanye abantu basabela kangcono ekwelashweni kunabanye. Uma umuntu ethola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi umdlavuza wakhe ungabuyi kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu, kuvame ukubhekwa njengokwelapha.

Uma umdlavuza womuntu ubuya noma ungaphenduli nakancane ekwelashweni, umphumela wabo wokwelashwa awumuhle neze.

Umuntu angakufuna kanjani ukwesekwa?

Kungakhathalekile ukubikezelwa, ukuxilongwa kwe-AML kungadala imizwa yokwesaba, ukukhathazeka nokungaqiniseki. Ungahle ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungabhekaphi noma uthole usizo.

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kunikeza ithuba lokuthi usondele kakhulu kulabo osondelene nabo futhi uhlole ukuthi ungaphila kanjani impilo oyithandayo.

Nawa amathiphu ambalwa wokukusiza uzulazule kulokhu kutholakala nokwelashwa.

Buza imibuzo

Kubalulekile ukuthi usiqonde isimo sakho. Uma kunokuthile ongaqiniseki ngakho mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, ukwelashwa, noma ukubikezelwa, buza udokotela wakho.

Izibonelo zemibuzo ongazibuza zingabandakanya ukuthi “Yiziphi izinketho zami zokwelashwa?” futhi "Yini engingayenza ukuvimbela i-AML ukuthi ingabuyi?"

Thola izinhlangano ezinikeza ukusekelwa

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-American Cancer Society (ACS) zinikela ngezinsizakalo eziningi ezisekelayo.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlela abagibeli abaya ekwelashweni nokusizwa ukuthi uthole abasebenzi abazokusiza, njengodokotela bezokudla noma osonhlalakahle.

Joyina iqembu lokusekela

Amaqembu okusekela ayindlela enhle yokuhlangana nabantu ababhekene nemizwa efana neyakho. Ukubona impumelelo nezingqondo zabanye kungakusiza wazi ukuthi awuwedwa.

Ngaphezu kwezinsizakusebenza ezinjenge-ACS ne-LLS, i-oncologist yakho noma isibhedlela sendawo singanikela ngamaqembu okusekela.

Finyelela kubangani nomndeni

Abangane abaningi namalungu omndeni bazofuna ukusiza. Bayeke bahambise ukudla ngensizakalo enjengeMeyal Train noma bamane balalele ukukhathazeka kwakho. Ukuvulekela abanye kungakusiza ugcine isimo sengqondo esihle.

Thola izindlela ezijabulisayo zokuqeda ukucindezeleka

Kunezindawo eziningi ongathenga kuzo ukukhulula ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka empilweni yakho. Ukuzindla noma ukugcina iphephabhuku noma ibhulogi yizibonelo ezimbalwa. Futhi, kubiza imali encane kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokuqhubeka.

Ukuthola indawo oyithandayo ikakhulukazi kungenza izimangaliso zomqondo wakho nomoya wakho.