I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-leukemia?
• Iyini i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Yini ebangela i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Ngabe itholakala kanjani i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-leukemia?

I-leukemia yigama lomdlavuza wamaseli egazi. I-leukemia iqala ezicutshini ezakha igazi njengomnkantsha wethambo. Umnkantsha wakho wenza amaseli azokhula abe ngamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, nama-platelets. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunomsebenzi ohlukile:

• Amaseli egazi amhlophe asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka
• Amaseli egazi abomvu aletha umoya-mpilo emaphashini akho uye ezicutshini nasezithweni zakho
• Ama-platelets asiza ukwakha amahlule ukuze ayeke ukopha

Uma une-leukemia, umnkantsha wakho wenza inani elikhulu lamaseli angajwayelekile. Le nkinga ivame ukwenzeka ngamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile akhela emnkantsheni nasegazini lakho. Bagcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi aphilile futhi bakwenze kube nzima ngamaseli akho negazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Iyini i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

I-Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) uhlobo lwe-acute leukemia. "I-Acute" isho ukuthi i-leukemia ivame ukuba yimbi ngokushesha uma ingelashwa. Ku-AML, umnkantsha wenza ama-myeloblast angajwayelekile (uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe), amaseli abomvu egazi, noma ama-platelets.Lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile egxisha amangqamuzana aphilile, kungaholela ekuthelelekeni, ekushoneni kwegazi, nasegazini elilula. Amaseli angajwayelekile angaphinde asabalale ngaphandle kwegazi aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi ezihlukene ze-AML. Ama-subtypes asuselwa ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula kanjani lapho uthola ukuxilongwa kwakho nokuthi ahluke kanjani kumaseli ajwayelekile.

Yini ebangela i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

I-AML yenzeka lapho kuba nezinguquko ezintweni zofuzo (i-DNA) kumaseli omnkantsha. Imbangela yalezi zinguquko zofuzo ayikaziwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile eziphakamisa ubungozi be-AML.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Izici eziphakamisa ubungozi be-AML zifaka

• Ukuba owesilisa
• Ukubhema, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-60
• Njengoba ngithole i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy
• Ukwelashwa kwe-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BONKE) njengengane
• Ukuvezwa kwe-benzene yamakhemikhali
• Umlando wesinye isifo segazi esifana ne-myelodysplastic syndrome

Ziyini izimpawu ze-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-AML zifaka phakathi

• Imfiva
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukulinyazwa okulula noma ukopha
• I-Petechiae, engamachashazi abomvu amancane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Zibangelwa ukopha.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo noma obuhlangene, uma amaseli angajwayelekile akha eduze noma ngaphakathi kwamathambo

Ngabe itholakala kanjani i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuxilonga i-AML futhi athole ukuthi unhloboni:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (CBC) kanye ne-smear yegazi
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - ukufisa umnkantsha wamathambo kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Kokubili ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukususa isampula lomnkantsha wethambo nethambo. Amasampuli athunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukubheka izinguquko zofuzo kanye ne-chromosome

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-AML, ungahle ube nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kanye ne-lumbar puncture, okuyinqubo yokuqoqa nokuhlola i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Ukwelashwa kwe-AML kufaka

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• I-Chemotherapy ngokufakelwa kwe-stem cell
• Eminye imithi elwa nomdlavuza

Yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholayo ngokuvamile kuncike kunoma yiluphi uhlobo olungaphansi lwe-AML onalo. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Inhloso yesigaba sokuqala ukubulala amaseli we-leukemia egazini nasemnkantsheni wethambo. Lokhu kufaka i-leukemia ekuxolelweni. Ukukhululwa kusho ukuthi izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza ziyancipha noma sezinyamalele.
• Isigaba sesibili saziwa ngokuthi yi-post-remission therapy. Inhloso yawo ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva (ukubuya) komdlavuza. Kubandakanya ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli we-leukemia asele angahle angasebenzi kepha angaqala ukubuyela emuva.

I-NIH: Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke