Izidakamizwa Eziluthwa Kakhulu Zemithi Emakethe

-Delile

• Ukuqonda ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kadokotela
• Ama-opioid
• I-Oxycodone (OxyContin)
• ICodeine
• Fentanyl
• I-Meperidine (Demerol)
• Ukuhoxa kwe-opioid
• Ukudangala kwesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi (CNS)
• I-Alprazolam (Xanax)
• IClonazepam (iKlonopin) ne-diazepam (iValium)
• Ukuhoxa ekucindezelekeni kwe-CNS
• Izikhuthazi
• I-Amphetamine (Adderall)
• I-Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
• Ukuhoxa kokuvuselela
• Ukusiza abathandekayo ngemilutha yezidakamizwa kadokotela
• Ungasiza Kanjani

Ukuqonda ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kadokotela

Ukuthi udokotela unikeza iphilisi akusho ukuthi kuphephile kuwo wonke umuntu. Njengoba inani lemiyalelo ekhishwe likhuphuka, kanjalo namazinga abantu abasebenzisa kabi imishanguzo kadokotela.

Ocwaningweni olwenziwa ngo-2015, abakwa-Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) bathola ukuthi abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-18.9 abaneminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu basebenzisa kabi imishanguzo kadokotela ngonyaka owedlule. Cishe iphesenti elilodwa labantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu babenenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kadokotela.

Ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa kuyisici sokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Kuyisifo esingathinta ubuchopho nokuziphatha kwakho, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwezidakamizwa. Abanye abantu baba imilutha yezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ezingekho emthethweni, njenge-cocaine noma i-heroin. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukuba umlutha wemithi udokotela wakho akubekile. Uma ulutha umlutha kadokotela, ungawusebenzisa ngokweqile, noma ngabe kukulimaza.

Eminye imithi kadokotela ilutha kakhulu kuneminye. Izidakamizwa eziningi eziluthayo zithinta uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo wobuchopho ngokulugcwalisa nge-dopamine. Lokhu kuphumela ekuphakameni “okuphezulu” okungakushukumisela ukuthi uphinde uthathe umuthi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungahle uncike emuthini ukuze uzizwe “ulungile” noma “ujwayelekile.” Ungase futhi uhlakulele ukubekezelelana nomuthi. Lokhu kungakusunduza ukuthi uthathe imithamo emikhulu.

Funda ukuze uqale ukufunda ngemithi kadokotela evame ukusetshenziswa kabi.

Ama-opioid

Ama-opioid akhiqiza umphumela we-euphoric. Zivame ukunikezwa izinhlungu. Izimpawu nezimpawu zokusebenzisa kabi i-opioid zingafaka:

• injabulo
• ukukhathala
• ukozela
• ukudideka
• isiyezi
• izinguquko embonweni
• ikhanda
• isithuthwane
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ukuqunjelwa
• izinguquko ekuziphatheni noma ebuntwini

I-Oxycodone (OxyContin)

I-Oxycodone ithengiswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-OxyContin. Iphinde ithengiswe ngokuhlanganiswa ne-acetaminophen njenge-Percocet. Ishintsha ukuthi uhlelo lwakho oluphakathi lwezinzwa (CNS) luphendula kanjani ebuhlungwini.

Njenge-heroin, idala umuzwa wokuthokozisa, wokuthambisa. Ngokusho kwe-Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), imiyalo eyisigidi esingu-58.8 ye-oxycodone yanikezwa e-United States ngo-2013.

ICodeine

I-Codeine ijwayele ukunikezwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obumaphakathi kuya kokulingene. Iphinde ihlanganiswe neminye imithi yokwelapha izimpawu zomkhuhlane nemikhuhlane. Isibonelo, kuvame ukutholakala kwisiraphu yokukhwehlela kadokotela namandla.

Uma idliwe ngobuningi, isiraphu yokukhwehlela esekwe ku-codeine inomphumela wokuthambisa. Kungadala nokushintshwa kwamazinga okuqonda. Ihlinzeka ngesisekelo somxube wezidakamizwa ongekho emthethweni owaziwa ngokuthi i- “purple purple,” “sizzurp,” noma “lean.” Le ngxube nayo iqukethe isoda futhi kwesinye isikhathi uswidi.

Fentanyl

I-Fentanyl iyi-opioid yokwenziwa. Kunqunyelwe ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli, imvamisa kubantu abanomdlavuza. Ngokusho kwe-, inamandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingama-50 kuya kweziyi-100 kune-morphine. Kwakha imizwa yenjabulo nokuphumula.

IFentanyl nayo ikhiqizwa ngokungemthetho futhi ithengiswa njengesidakamizwa sokungcebeleka esingekho emthethweni. Ezimweni eziningi, ixubene ne-heroin, i-cocaine, noma kokubili. Ngo-Okthoba 2017, kwabikwa ukuthi i-fentanyl ibandakanyeka ngaphezu kwesigamu sabantu abadlula ngokweqile okuhlobene nokufa kwe-opioid ezifundazweni eziyishumi.

Ngaphezu kwezibonakaliso nezimpawu ezivamile ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kabi kwe-opioid, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwe-fentanyl nakho kungaholela ekuboneni izinto ezingekho kahle nasemaphusheni amabi.

I-Meperidine (Demerol)

I-Meperidine iyi-opioid yokwenziwa. Kuvame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo iDemerol. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obuphakathi nendawo nobunzima. Njengamanye ama-opioid, ikhiqiza imizwa yenjabulo.

Ngokusho kwabangu-2,666 baseMelika bafa ngo-2011 bebulawa ubuthi bezidakamizwa obabuthinta izinhlungu ze-opioid ngaphandle kwe-methadone, njenge-meperidine noma i-fentanyl.

Ukuhoxa kwe-opioid

Uma ungumlutha wama-opioid, ungahle ube nezimpawu zokuhoxa lapho uyeka ukuzisebenzisa. Izimpawu zokuhoxa zingabandakanya:

• izifiso zezidakamizwa
• ukucasuka noma ukucasuka
• ikhala eligijimayo
• inkathazo yokulala
• ukujuluka okweqile
• Ukugodola
• izinkinga zokugaya ukudla

Ukudangala kwesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi (CNS)

Ama-CNS depressants afaka ama-barbiturates nama-benzodiazepines. Babizwa nangokuthi ama-tranquillizers futhi banomphumela wokuthoba. Izimpawu nezimpawu zokusebenzisa kabi zifaka:

• ukozela
• ukukhathala
• ukucasuka
• ukudideka
• izinkinga zememori
• isiyezi
• ikhanda
• izinguquko embonweni
• ukulahleka kokuxhumanisa
• inkulumo engahambi kahle
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• izinguquko ekuziphatheni noma ebuntwini

I-Alprazolam (Xanax)

I-Alprazolam iyi-benzodiazepine. Kuvame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Xanax. Kunqunyelwe ukwelapha ukukhathazeka nokuphazamiseka kovalo. Icindezela i-CNS yakho, enomphumela wokutholisa. Abanye abantu bayisebenzisa kabi ngemiphumela yayo yokuthatha izinto ngokushesha.

Ngokuya nge-CDC, abantu baseMelika abaphindwe izikhathi eziphindwe kane ngo-2015 kunango-2002 bebulawa ngokweqile okubandakanya ama-benzodiazepines. Ezimweni eziningi zalezo zimo, abantu bafa ngemuva kokuhlanganisa ama-benzodiazepines nama-opioid.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezingeziwe zokusebenzisa kabi i-alprazolam zifaka phakathi inkinga yokulala, ukuvuvukala kwezandla noma izinyawo, nokuzamazama.

IClonazepam (iKlonopin) ne-diazepam (iValium)

IClonazepam ne-diazepam yi-benzodiazepines. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukukhathazeka nokuphazamiseka kovalo. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuquleka. IClonazepam ithengiswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Klonopin. IDiazepam ithengiswa kakhulu njengeValium.

NjengoXanax, le mithi ivame ukusetshenziswa kabi ngemiphumela yayo yokuthambisa. Bakhiqiza "ukuphakama" okungazizwa kufana nemiphumela yotshwala. Isibonelo, zingadala imizwa yokudakwa, ukukhuluma nokukhululeka.

Akuvamile ukuthi abantu basebenzise kabi iXanax, iKlonopin, noma iValium ngokungcebeleka ngokuhambisana nezinye izidakamizwa. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, inani labantu abashone ngokweqile elibandakanya ama-benzodiazepines nama-opioid liphindwe kane phakathi kuka-2002 no-2015.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa kabi i-clonazepam noma i-diazepam zingafaka futhi:

• ukuphambana
• ukusangana
• ukuqunjelwa

Ukuhoxa ekucindezelekeni kwe-CNS

Uma ungumlutha wezidambisi ze-CNS, ungahle ube nezimpawu zokuhoxa lapho uyeka ukuzisebenzisa. Izimpawu zokuhoxa zingafaka:

• izifiso zezidakamizwa
• ukukhathazeka
• uvalo
• ukujuluka okweqile
• ikhanda
• inkathazo yokulala
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• isicanucanu

Izikhuthazi

Izikhuthazi zandisa umsebenzi wakho wobuchopho. Lokhu kusiza ukukhulisa ukuqapha kwakho namazinga wamandla. Izimpawu nezimpawu zokusebenzisa kabi zifaka:

• injabulo
• ulaka noma ubutha
• ukuphambana
• ukusangana
• ukunciphisa ukudla
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• abafundi abahlanzekile
• izinguquko embonweni
• ikhanda
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• izinguquko ekuziphatheni noma ebuntwini

I-Amphetamine (Adderall)

I-Amphetamine yaziwa kakhulu “njengejubane.” Kuyisikhuthazi se-CNS. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukunakekelwa kokushoda kokungasebenzi (ADHD) kanye ne-narcolepsy.

Imikhiqizo equkethe i-amphetamine ivame ukusetshenziswa kabi ngemiphumela yayo evuselelayo. Isibonelo, i-Adderall ingumkhiqizo ohlanganisa i-amphetamine ne-dextroamphetamine. Imvamisa isetshenziswa kabi ngabantu ingalali, njengabashayeli bamaloli, abasebenza amashifu, kanye nabafundi basekolishi abasebenza ngezinsuku ezibekiwe. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-University of Michigan, amaphesenti ayi-9 abafundi basekolishi ngo-2012 babika ukusebenzisa kabi i-Adderall.

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kabi okuvuselelayo, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwe-amphetamine nakho kungabonakala nge:

• amandla andisiwe nokuqapha
• ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe
• ukwanda komfutho wegazi
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo

I-Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Ngokufana ne-Adderall, i-methylphenidate iyisikhuthazi esithinta i-CNS yakho. Kuvame ukuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo iRitalin. Kwandisa amazinga e-dopamine ebuchosheni, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunakwa. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ADHD ne-narcolepsy. Njengamanye ama-stimulants, kungaba ukwakha umkhuba.

Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi iRitalin nezinye izikhuthazi ezisetshenziswa ngudokotela zisetshenziswe kabi ukutholakala kwazo. Ngokusho kwe-DEA, imiyalo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-13 yemethylphenidate yagcwaliswa ngo-2012.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kweMethylphenidate nakho kungaholela ekuxakaneni noma enkingeni yokulala.

Ukuhoxa kokuvuselela

Uma ungumlutha wezikhuthazi, ungaqala ukuba nezimpawu zokuhoxa lapho uyeka ukuzisebenzisa. Izimpawu zokuhoxa zingabandakanya:

• izifiso zezidakamizwa
• ukukhathazeka
• ukudana
• ukukhathala ngokweqile

Ukusiza abathandekayo ngemilutha yezidakamizwa kadokotela

Ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kadokotela kungayilimaza impilo yakho. Kungakubeka engcupheni yokweqiwa ngokweqile okubulalayo. Ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa nakho kungabeka ubunzima ezimalini zakho nakubudlelwano bakho.

Ngabe usola ukuthi umuntu omthandayo usebenzisa kabi imishanguzo kadokotela? Kubalulekile ukuthi bathole usizo lochwepheshe. Udokotela wabo noma uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo angancoma ukwelulekwa. Bangadlulisela futhi othandekayo wakho ohlelweni olunamandla lokuvuselela. Kwezinye izimo, bangahle banikeze imithi yokusiza ukunqanda izifiso zezidakamizwa noma ukuqeda izimpawu zokuhoxa.

Uma usola ukuthi umuntu omthandayo unomlutha wezidakamizwa kadokotela, kunezindlela ongasiza ngazo.

Ungasiza Kanjani

• Bheka imininingwane ethembekile mayelana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa kadokotela. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.
• Tshela othandekayo wakho ukuthi ukhathazekile ngokusebenzisa kwabo izidakamizwa. Bazise ukuthi ufuna ukubasiza bathole ukwesekwa kochwepheshe.
• Khuthaza othandekayo wakho ukuthi enze i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wabo, isazi sezempilo yengqondo, noma isikhungo sokwelapha izidakamizwa.
• Cabanga ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela labangane namalungu omndeni wabantu abanezidakamizwa. Amalungu eqembu esikanye nawo anganikeza ukusekelwa komphakathi njengoba ulwela ukubhekana nokulutha kothandekayo wakho.

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngokulutha kwezidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokwelashwa ezingaba khona, vakashela lawa mawebhusayithi:

• I-Narcotic Anonymous (NA)
• I-National Institute on Abuse Abuse (NIDA)
• Ukuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo (SAMHSA)