Ukuqonda Okuthuthukile (Isigaba 4) I-Prostate Cancer

-Delile

• Uyini umdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme?
• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Ngubani osengozini yomdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme?
• Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza we-Prostate advanced?
• Uyini umuthi wokwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme?
• Ukwelashwa KweHormone
• Imisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• I-Immunotherapy
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Uyini umbono?
• Ongakwenza

Uyini umdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme?

Umdlavuza wendlala yesibeletho umdlavuza oqala endlaleni yesinye. Umdlavuza we-Prostate othuthukile wenzeka lapho ususabalele, noma we-metastasized, kusuka e-prostate kuya kwezinye izindawo zomzimba.

Umdlavuza usakazeka lapho amangqamuzana ephuma esikhunjeni sokuqala bese ehlasela izicubu eziseduze. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis yasendaweni. Umdlavuza ungasakazekela ngqo kwizicubu eziseduze noma ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic uye ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubizwa ngokuthi "isifo se-metastatic" noma "umdlavuza wendlala yesinye kanye ne-metastasis kuya" engxenyeni ethile yomzimba noma ohlelweni lwesitho.

Izicubu ezintsha zingakhula kunoma yisiphi isitho, kepha umdlavuza wendlala yesinye kungenzeka usabalalele ku:

• indlala ye-adrenal
• amathambo
• isibindi
• amaphaphu

Umdlavuza wesigaba sesine wendlala yesinye kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza wendlala yesinye usuvele ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude noma ezicutshini ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Isikhathi esiningi, odokotela bathola umdlavuza wendlala yesinye ekuqaleni. Ngokuvamile kungumdlavuza okhula kancane, kodwa ungasabalala noma ungabuya, noma ubuye, ngemuva kokwelapha.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Lapho umdlavuza uvinjelwe endlezweni, amadoda amaningi awanazo izimpawu. Abanye banenkinga yokuchama noma babone igazi emchameni wabo.

Umdlavuza we-Metastatic ungadala izimpawu ezijwayelekile njenge:

• ubuthakathaka
• ukukhathala
• ukuncipha komzimba

Ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza we-Prostate othuthukile zixhomeke lapho usakaze khona nokuthi zinkulu kangakanani izimila:

• Umdlavuza osuselwe emathanjeni ungaholela ebuhlungwini bamathambo nakwephuka.
• Umdlavuza osabalalele esibindini ungadala ukuvuvukala kwesisu noma ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo, okwaziwa njenge-jaundice.
• Izimila emaphashini zingadala ukuphefumula okuncane noma ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ebuchosheni, umdlavuza ungadala ikhanda, isiyezi, nokuquleka.

Ngubani osengozini yomdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme?

Imbangela ngqo yomdlavuza wendlala yesinye ayicaci. Ingozi yakho yokuthola lo mdlavuza uyanda ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engama-50.

Amaqembu athile maningi amathuba okuthi athuthukise izinhlobo ezinomdlavuza zomdlavuza wesinye, kufaka phakathi amadoda nabesilisa base-Afrika nabaseMelika abaphethe izinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezifana ne-BRCA1, i-BRCA2, ne-HOXB13.

Iningi lamadoda anomdlavuza wendlala yesinye awanawo umlando womndeni wesifo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kepha ukuba nobaba noma umfowenu onomdlavuza wendlala engaphezulu kokuphindeka kabili kwengozi yakho.

Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza we-Prostate advanced?

Uma uke watholwa ukuthi unomdlavuza wendlala yesinye, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ezintsha, noma ngabe usuqedile ukwelashwa.

Ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa ubuyile noma ususabalele, udokotela wakho kungenzeka a-oda ezinye izivivinyo zokucabanga, ezingafaka:

• Ama-X-ray
• Ukuskena kwe-CT
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI
• Iskena sePET
• ukuskena kwamathambo

Cishe ngeke uzidinge zonke lezi zivivinyo. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha izivivinyo ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Uma noma yiziphi izithombe ziveza ukungajwayelekile, akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kungadingeka. Uma bethola isisindo, udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzoku-oda i-biopsy.

Nge-biopsy, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa inaliti ukususa amasampuli endaweni esolisayo. Udokotela wezifo zezifo uzobe esehlaziya amangqamuzana asusiwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukubona ukuthi anomdlavuza yini. I-pathologist nayo inganquma ukuthi ngabe unohlobo olunolaka lomdlavuza wesinye.

Uyini umuthi wokwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme?

Akunandaba ukuthi umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa usakazeka kuphi, usaphathwa njengomdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa. Kunzima ukwelashwa lapho kufinyelela esigabeni esithuthukile.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphakeme kubandakanya izindlela eziqondisiwe nezilungiselelwe uhlelo. Amadoda amaningi adinga inhlanganisela yokwelashwa futhi kungadingeka ukuthi alungiswe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukwelashwa KweHormone

Ukwelashwa kweHormone kucindezela ama-hormone wesilisa asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza wendlala yesinye ukuba akhule. Udokotela wakho angancoma noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwama-hormone okulandelayo:

• I-Orchiectomy inqubo yokuhlinza ukususa amasende, okuyilapho kukhiqizwa khona ama-hormone.
• Ama-agonists akhipha ama-hormone akhulula ama-hormone yizidakamizwa ezehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone emasendeni. Ungayithola le mithi ngomjovo noma ngokufakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba sakho.
• Abaphikisi be-LHRH yizidakamizwa ezehlisa ngokushesha amazinga e-testosterone. Ungayithola le mithi ngemijovo yanyanga zonke ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho.
• Ama-CYP17 inhibitors nama-anti-androgens ayatholakala njengamaphilisi ongawaphuza nsuku zonke.

Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa zokwelashwa kwama-hormone ifaka ukusabela kwendawo yokujova, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi, kanye ne-anemia.

Imisebe

Emisebeni yomsebe wangaphandle, imishayo yemisebe ikhomba indlala yesinye noma enye indawo yomzimba. Kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu lapho umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa ususabalalise amathambo. Ukukhathala kungumphumela ohlangothini ovamile.

Ngemisebe yangaphakathi, udokotela wakho uzofaka imbewu encane enemisebe ku-prostate yakho. Imbewu ikhipha umthamo ophansi unomphela noma umthamo ophakeme wesikhashana wemisebe. Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi, ubunzima be-urinary, nezinkinga zamathumbu.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Kunganciphisa izimila ezikhona bese kuhamba kancane noma kuvimbele ukukhula kwezimila ezintsha. Imiphumela emibi ifaka isicanucanu, ukungathandi ukudla, nokuncipha.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) ngumuthi wokugoma odokotela abawusebenzisayo ukwelapha umdlavuza we-prostate osezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungaphenduli ekwelashweni kwe-hormone.

Umuthi wokugoma wenziwa usebenzisa amaseli akho amhlophe egazi. Uyithola ngemithambo ngemithamo emithathu ihlukaniswe amasonto amabili. Imiphumela emibi ingafaka:

• isicanucanu
• ikhanda elibuhlungu
• ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene

Ukuhlinzwa

Ngenkathi okunye ukuhlinzeka ukukhipha izicubu kungaba yinto ongayikhetha, udokotela wakho mancane amathuba okuthi ayincome ngomdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa osakaze ezindaweni eziningi.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho uma ezinye zalezi zindlela zokwelapha zithinta ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Ungabuza futhi ngezilingo zomtholampilo zomdlavuza wesinye. Lezi zivivinyo zibandakanya ukwelashwa okusha okungasetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kokwelapha umdlavuza, udokotela wakho angakwazi ukunikeza izixazululo zezimpawu ezithile ezifana nobuhlungu, ukukhathala, nezinkinga zomchamo.

Uyini umbono?

Alikho ikhambi elitholakalayo lesigaba 4 somdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo lizosebenza nawe ukusiza ukulawula umdlavuza isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi ugcina impilo enhle.

Umbono wakho uzoncika ekutheni umdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi uphendula kahle kanjani ekwelashweni.

Ngokwelashwa, ungaphila iminyaka eminingi ngomdlavuza wendlala yesinye.

Ongakwenza

Kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde konke ongakufunda ngomdlavuza wesibeletho osezingeni eliphezulu ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi. Vuleleka kodokotela bakho nabanye eqenjini lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Veza ukukhathazeka kwakho futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ukuzikhulumela wena nekhwalithi yakho yempilo. Thola omunye umbono wezokwelapha uma ubona ukuthi kuyadingeka.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo zingaba usizo ekubhekaneni nomdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo:

• tai chi, iyoga, noma okunye ukwelashwa kokunyakaza
• ukwelashwa komculo
• ukuzindla, izivivinyo zokuphefumula, noma ezinye izindlela zokuphumula
• ukubhucungwa umzimba

Izinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zingakusiza ngakho konke kusuka kokulala ngenkathi uthola ukwelashwa ukuthola usizo oluthile endlini. Ukuxhumana namaqembu aku-inthanethi noma okuso uqobo kuyindlela enhle yokwabelana ngolwazi nokubolekana.