Kuyini Ukusabela Okungezwani Nomzimba?

-Delile

• Yini ebangela ukusabela okweqile?
• Ziyini izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukusabela okweqile?
• Yelashwa kanjani i-allergen?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabela okweqile?

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Ukubuka konke

Amasosha omzimba wakho anesibopho sokuvikela umzimba kuma-bacterium nama-virus. Kwezinye izimo, amasosha akho omzimba azovikela ezintweni ngokuvamile ezingeyona ingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Lezi zinto zaziwa njengezifo ezingezwani nomzimba, futhi lapho umzimba wakho uphendula kuzo, kubangela ukusabela okweqile.

Ungakwazi ukuhogela, udle, futhi uthinte izifo ezibangela ukusabela. Odokotela bangaphinda basebenzise izixwayiso ezithile zomzimba ukuxilonga ukungezwani komzimba kanti futhi bangazijolela nasemzimbeni wakho njengendlela yokwelashwa.

I-American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) ibika ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-50 e-United States bahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lwezifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.

Yini ebangela ukusabela okweqile?

Odokotela abazi ukuthi kungani abanye abantu behlangabezana nokungezwani komzimba nomzimba. Ukungezwani komzimba kubukeka kuhamba emindenini futhi kungazuzwa njengefa. Uma unelungu lomndeni eliseduze elinokungezwani komzimba, usengozini enkulu yokungezwani nezinto ezithile zomzimba.

Yize izizathu zokuthi kungani ukungezwani komzimba kuvele zingaziwa, kunezinto ezithile ezivame ukudala ukungezwani komzimba. Abantu abane-allergies bajwayele ukungezwani kokukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:

• dander isilwane
• ukulunywa yizinyosi noma ukulunywa ezinye izinambuzane
• ukudla okuthile, kufaka phakathi amantongomane noma i-shellfish
• imithi ethile, njenge-penicillin noma i-aspirin
• izitshalo ezithile
• impova noma isikhunta

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile?

Izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile zingahluka kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi. Uma uvezwa i-allergen okokuqala, izimpawu zakho zingaba mnene. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu uma uhlangana kaningi ne-allergen.

Izimpawu zokuphendula okuncane komzimba zingabandakanya:

• isifuba (izindawo ezibabayo ezibomvu esikhunjeni)
• ukulunywa
• ukucinana kwamakhala (okwaziwa ngokuthi i-rhinitis)
• ukuqubuka
• ukunwaya umphimbo
• amehlo anamanzi noma alumayo

Ukusabela okweqile komzimba kungadala lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuqunjelwa noma ubuhlungu besisu
• ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni
• isifo sohudo
• ubunzima bokugwinya
• isiyezi (vertigo)
• ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka
• ukuqhuma ebusweni
• isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• ukuvuvukala kobuso, amehlo, noma ulimi
• ubuthakathaka
• isifuba
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukuquleka

Ukusabela okweqile okungazelelwe nokungazelelwe kungakhula ngemizuzwana ngemuva kokuvezwa yi-allergen. Lolu hlobo lokuphendula lwaziwa njenge-anaphylaxis futhi luholela ezimpawu ezisongela impilo, kufaka phakathi ukuvuvukala komoya, ukungakwazi ukuphefumula, kanye nokwehla okungazelelwe nokubi kakhulu kwengcindezi yegazi.

Uma uhlangabezana nalolu hlobo lokuphendula okweqile, funa usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lesi simo singaholela ekufeni kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15.

Kutholakala kanjani ukusabela okweqile?

Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuthola ukusabela okweqile. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuphendula okweqile, udokotela wakho uzokwenza isivivinyo bese ekubuza ngomlando wakho wezempilo. Uma ukusabela kwakho kokungezwani komzimba nakho kunzima, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ugcine iphephabhuku elinemininingwane yezimpawu zakho nezinto ezibonakala zizibangela.

Udokotela wakho angafuna uku-oda ukuhlolwa ukuze anqume ukuthi yini ebangela ukungezwani komzimba kwakho. Izinhlobo ezivame uku-odwa zokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba yilezi:

• ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba
• inselele (uhlobo lohlobo lokususa)
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuhilela ukufaka inani elincane le-allergen esolisayo esikhunjeni nokubheka ukusabela. Le nto ingafakwa esikhunjeni (i-patch test), ifakwe nge-prick encane esikhunjeni (ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba), noma ijojowe ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ukuhlolwa kwe-intradermal).

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni:

• ukungezwani kokudla (njenge-shellfish noma amakinati)
• isikhunta, impova, kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezilwane
• i-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba
• ukungezwani komzimba (njengokulunywa omiyane noma ukulunywa yizinyosi)
• i-allergen contact dermatitis (ukuqubuka okuthola ngokuthinta into ethile)

Ukuhlolwa kwenselele kuyasiza ekutholeni imishanguzo yokudla. Kubandakanya ukususa ukudla ekudleni kwakho amasonto ambalwa nokubheka izimpawu lapho uphinda ukudla lokho kudla.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungezwani komzimba kuhlola igazi lakho ukuthola amasosha omzimba ngokumelene ne-allergen engenzeka. I-antibody yiprotheni eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho ukulwa nezinto eziyingozi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela lapho ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungasizi noma kungenzeki.

Yelashwa kanjani i-allergen?

Uma uhlangabezana nokusabela okweqile futhi ungazi ukuthi kubangelwa yini, kungadingeka ukuthi ubone udokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi yini imbangela yokungezwani komzimba kwakho. Uma unenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nokwaziwa, ungahle ungadingi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma izimpawu zakho zimnene.

Ezimweni eziningi, ama-antihistamine angaphezulu kwe-counter, njenge-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl), angasebenza ekulawuleni ukusabela okuncane kokungezwani komzimba.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlangabezana nokusabela okweqile komzimba, kufanele ufune usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha. Hlola ukubona ukuthi umuntu uphefumula yini, shayela ku-911, bese unikezela nge-CPR uma kudingeka.

Abantu abanezifo ezingezwani komzimba ngokuvamile banemithi ephuthumayo nabo, njenge-epinephrine auto-injor (EpiPen). I-Epinephrine "iyisidakamizwa sokutakula" ngoba ivula imigwaqo yomoya futhi inyuse umfutho wegazi. Umuntu angahle adinge usizo lwakho ukuphatha umuthi. Uma umuntu equlekile, kufanele:

• Babeke phansi emhlane.
• Phakamisa imilenze yabo.
• Zimboze ngengubo.

Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukushaqeka.

Thenga ama-antihistamine wokuthenga imishanguzo ethambile yokungezwani komzimba.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Uma une-allergies eyaziwayo, ukuvimbela ukusabela okweqile kuzothuthukisa umbono wakho. Ungakuvimbela lokhu kusabela ngokugwema izinto ezingezwani nomzimba ezikuthintayo. Uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu yokungezwani komzimba, kufanele uphathe i-EpiPen njalo futhi uzijovo uma kuvela izimpawu.

Umbono wakho uzoncika futhi ebukhulwini bento ongezwani nayo. Uma unokungazwani komzimba okuncane futhi ufuna ukwelashwa, uzoba nethuba elihle lokululama. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingabuya uma uphinde uhlangana ne-allergen.

Uma unesifo esibi somzimba, umbono wakho uzoncika ekutholeni usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. I-Anaphylaxis ingaholela ekufeni. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kuyadingeka ukuze uthuthukise umphumela wakho.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabela okweqile?

Uma usukhombe ukungezwani komzimba kwakho, unga:

• Gwema ukuchayeka ku-allergen.
• Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uvezwa i-allergen.
• Phatha imishanguzo yokwelapha i-anaphylaxis.

Ungahle ungakwazi ukugwema ukusabela okweqile ngokuphelele, kepha lezi zinyathelo zingakusiza ukuthi uvikele ukusabela okweqile kwesikhathi esizayo.