I-Allergic Reaction First Aid: Okufanele Ukwenze

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile?
• Izimpawu ezivamile
• I-Anaphylaxis noma ukusabela okunzima
• Okufanele ukwenze lapho umuntu ehlangabezana ne-anaphylaxis
• I-CPR ye-anaphylaxis
• Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba
• Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba nokudla
• Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba nezitshalo noma ukuluma
• Izitshalo ezinobuthi
• Izinambuzane ezihlabayo
• I-jellyfish iyaluma
• Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukungezwani komzimba

Kuyini ukusabela okweqile?

Amasosha akho omzimba akha amasosha omzimba wokulwa nezinto zangaphandle ukuze ungaguli. Kwesinye isikhathi isistimu yakho izokhomba into njengengozi, noma kungenjalo.Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubizwa ngokuthi i-allergen reaction.

Lezi zinto (i-allergen) zingaba noma yini kusuka ekudleni nasemithini kuya ezindaweni.

Lapho umzimba wakho uhlangana nalezi zinto ezingezwani nokwelashwa, kungadala izimpawu ezimnene njengokucasuka kwesikhumba, amehlo anamanzi, noma ukuthimula. Kwabanye abantu, ukungezwani komzimba kungaholela ku-anaphylaxis. I-Anaphylaxis yisimo esisongela impilo. Kubangela ukushaqeka, ukwehla okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yegazi, nokuphefumula kanzima. Lokhu kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokuphefumula nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Shayela ngokushesha i-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni yakho uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo ebhekene ne-anaphylaxis.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile?

Ukungezwani komzimba wakho komzimba kuncike kulokho okweqile kuwe. Izingxenye zomzimba wakho ezizosabela zifaka phakathi:

• izindiza
• ikhala
• isikhumba
• umlomo
• uhlelo lokugaya ukudla

Izimpawu ezivamile

Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze ubone ukuthi iziphi izimpawu ezivame ukuvela lapho ukungezwani komzimba:

I-Anaphylaxis noma ukusabela okunzima

Ukusabela okweqile komzimba kungadala i-anaphylaxis. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka ngemuva kwemizuzu ngemuva kokuvezwa futhi, uma kushiywe kungalashwa, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukwazi, ukukhathazeka ngokuphefumula, nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zifaka:

• ukusabela kwesikhumba, okufana nesifuba, ukulunywa, noma isikhumba esiphaphathekile
• ukuphefumula noma inkinga ngokuphefumula
• ikhanda elikhanyayo, isiyezi, noma ukuquleka
• ukuvuvukala kobuso
• isicanucanu
• ishayela ebuthakathaka futhi esheshayo

Thola usizo oluphuthumayo uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo ebhekene ne-anaphylaxis, noma ngabe izimpawu ziqala ukuba ngcono. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu zingabuya esigabeni sesibili.

Okufanele ukwenze lapho umuntu ehlangabezana ne-anaphylaxis

Uma unomuntu ohlangabezana ne-anaphylaxis, kufanele:

1. Shayela ku-911 ngokushesha.
2. Bona ukuthi bane-epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector (EpiPen) bese ubasiza, uma kudingeka.
3. Zama ukugcina umuntu ezolile.
4. Siza umuntu alale ngomhlane.
5. Phakamisa izinyawo zazo cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-12 bese uzimboza ngengubo.
6. Baphendule ohlangothini lwabo uma behlanza noma bopha.
7. Qinisekisa ukuthi izingubo zabo zikhululekile ukuze bakwazi ukuphefumula.

Ngokushesha lapho umuntu ethola i-epinephrine yakhe, iba ngcono.

Gwema ukunikeza imithi yomlomo, noma yini yokuphuza, noma ukuphakamisa ikhanda, ikakhulukazi uma benenkinga yokuphefumula.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza i-epinephrine ephuthumayo. I-auto-injector iza nomthamo owodwa wemithi yokujova ethangeni lakho. Uzofuna ukufundisa umndeni wakho nabangane abaseduze ukuthi ungayijova kanjani i-epinephrine uma kwenzeka kuba nesimo esiphuthumayo.

I-CPR ye-anaphylaxis

Uma umuntu onaye engaphefumuli, ekhwehlela, noma enyakaza, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i-CPR. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni kwe-CPR. I-CPR ifaka phakathi ukwenza imishini yesifuba, cishe i-100 ngomzuzu, kuze kufike usizo.

Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda i-CPR, xhumana ne-American Heart Association, i-American Red Cross, noma inhlangano yosizo lokuqala yokuqeqeshwa.

Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba

Ama-antihistamine we-Over-the-counter (OTC) kanye nama-decongestants anganciphisa izimpawu ezincane zokuphendula okweqile.

Ama-antihistamine avimbela izimpawu ezinjengezinyosi ngokuvimba ama-histamine receptors ukuze umzimba wakho ungasabeli kuma-allergen. Ama-decongestants asiza ukusula ikhala lakho futhi asebenza ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni kwesizini. Kodwa ungazithathi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.

Le mithi iyatholakala kumaphilisi, amaconsi wamehlo, kanye nezifutho zamakhala. Izidakamizwa eziningi ze-OTC nazo zibangela ukozela, ngakho-ke gwema ukuzithatha ngaphambi kokushayela noma ukwenza umsebenzi odinga ukugxila okuningi.

Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, nokushaya kungancishiswa ngeqhwa nama-topical cream aqukethe i-corticosteroids.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma izidakamizwa ze-OTC zingasebenzi. Shayela udokotela wakho khona manjalo uma uthola ukungezwani komzimba nomuthi.

Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba nokudla

Izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zomzimba ezibangelwa ukungezwani kokudla ngokuvamile zihilela ukugwema ukudla okubangela ukungezwani nezinto ezithile. Uma uhlangana ngephutha noma udla ukudla onqabile kukho, izidakamizwa ze-OTC zingakhungathekisa ukusabela.

Kodwa-ke, le mithi isiza kuphela ukukhulula isifuba noma ukulunywa. I-Orom cromolyn ingasiza ezinye izimpawu zakho. Itholakala kuphela ngemithi kadokotela, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ungaphatha futhi ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okunesifo i-epinephrine.

Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba nezitshalo noma ukuluma

Izitshalo ezinobuthi

Ngokwe-The Children’s Hospital yasePhiladelphia, cishe abantu abayisikhombisa kwabayishumi banokungazwani nezinto ezithile lapho bethinta ubuthi obunobuthi, isihlahla se-oak esinesihlungu, nesibalo sobuthi. Izinto ezinamathelayo ezivela kulezi zitshalo, ezibizwa nangokuthi i-urushiol, zibopha esikhunjeni lapho zithintwa.

Izimpawu zivela ekubomvu okuncane nokulimaza kuya kumabhalane amakhulu nokuvuvukala. Ama-Rash avela noma yikuphi kusuka emahoreni amathathu kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthintana futhi kuhlala isonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu.

Uma uvezwa izitshalo ezinobuthi, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Gwema ukuthinta ezinye izindawo zomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi ubuso bakho.
2. Hlanza indawo ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzu eyi-10.
3. Thatha okugeza okupholile.
4. Faka i-calamine noma enye i-anti-itching lotion kathathu noma kane ngosuku ukuze unciphise ukulunywa.
5. Thambisa izindawo ezivuthayo ngemikhiqizo ye-oatmeal noma u-1% wekhilimu ye-hydrocortisone.
6. Geza zonke izingubo nezicathulo emanzini ashisayo.

Lezi zinyathelo zonke zigxila ekususeni i-urushiol esikhumbeni sakho. Ukusabela okunamandla ezinganeni kungadinga ukuvakasha kukadokotela ukuze anikeze ama-steroids omlomo noma okhilimu abanamandla ukunciphisa izimpawu.

Bheka udokotela wakho uma unezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi:

• ukuklwebha kuya kuba kubi
• ukuqubuka kusakazeka ezindaweni ezizwelayo, njengamehlo noma umlomo
• ukuqubuka akuthuthuki
• ukuqubuka kuthambile noma kunobuvu nobuphuzi

Naphezu kokunye ukusho, abukho ubufakazi besayensi obusekela ukuthi ukuklwebheka kwesilonda esivulekile kuholela ebusheni egazini. Amafutha asele (urushiol) athinta kuphela indawo eseduze. Gwema ukusabalalisa uwoyela ngokushesha ngokugeza indawo ethintekile ngensipho namanzi.

Izinambuzane ezihlabayo

Iningi labantu lizoba nokusabela kokulunywa yizinambuzane, kepha ukusabela okubucayi kakhulu kuyisihlungu somzimba. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezi-2 e-United States bayalwa nezilokazane, kulinganisela iCleveland Clinic.

Izilokazane ezivame kakhulu izinambuzane zivela:

• izinyosi
• iminyovu
• amajakhethi aphuzi
• amacilongo
• izintuthwane zomlilo

Phatha ukungezwani komzimba nezinambuzane ngalezi zindlela zosizo lokuqala:

1. Susa i-stinger ngento eqondile, njengekhadi lesikweletu, usebenzisa ukunyakaza kwebhulashi. Gwema ukudonsa noma ukukhama isitinyela. Lokhu kungakhipha ubuthi obuningi emzimbeni wakho.
2. Geza indawo ngensipho namanzi. Faka isinqanda magciwane ngemuva kokugeza.
3. Faka ukhilimu we-hydrocortisone noma i-calamine lotion. Vala indawo ngebhandishi.
4. Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala, sebenzisa ukucindezela okubandayo endaweni.
5. Thatha i-antihistamine ukunciphisa ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala, kanye nama-hives.
6. Thatha i-aspirin ukuqeda izinhlungu.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathathe izidakamizwa ze-OTC ngaphandle kokuthola OK kudokotela wabo.

Izingane akufanele zithathe i-aspirin. Lokhu kungenxa yengozi yesimo esingajwayelekile, kodwa esibulalayo esibizwa nge-Reye's syndrome.

I-jellyfish iyaluma

Uma i-jellyfish ikuluma, geza indawo ngamanzi olwandle noma uviniga imizuzu engama-30. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ubuthi be-jellyfish. Faka okuthile okubandayo endaweni ethintekile ukuthambisa isikhumba sakho nokunciphisa izinhlungu. Sebenzisa ukhilimu we-hydrocortisone ne-antihistamine ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

I-Red Cross yaseBrithani yeluleka ukuthi ukuchamela i-jellyfish sting ngeke kusize. Eqinisweni, kungandisa ubuhlungu.

Ukwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa

Ezimweni eziningi zokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa, udokotela wakho kufanele akwazi ukunquma omunye umuthi. Ama-antihistamine, ama-corticosteroids, noma i-epinephrine kungadingeka ukuze kusabele ngokujulile.

Uma kungenjalo, udokotela wakho angancoma inqubo yokungafuneki. Lokhu kusho ukuthatha imithamo emincane yemithi kuze kube yilapho umzimba wakho ukwazi ukuphatha umthamo wakho.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukungezwani komzimba

Uma usuphendulile, kubalulekile ukukhomba umthombo ukuze ugweme ukuxhumana okuzayo. Ukuze uthole ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, hlola izithako zomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthenga. Ukufaka i-lotion ngaphambi kokuhamba izintaba noma ukukhempa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ubuthi obunobuthi ekusakazekeni noma bangene esikhunjeni sakho.

Uma ulawula kakhudlwana ukuxhumana kwakho nama-allergener, mancane amathuba okuthi uthole ukusabela okweqile. Qiniseka ukuthi osebenza nabo nabangane bakho bayazi ngokungezwani komzimba kwakho nokuthi ugcina kuphi i-epinephrine auto-injector yakho. Ukufundisa abangane bakho indlela yokwelapha ukusabela okweqile kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo.