I-America's Deadly Sugar Addiction Ifinyelele Kumazinga Omqedazwe

-Delile

• Abaningi bethu badla i-dessert kathathu ngosuku-futhi asazi nokwazi.
• Izinto ezinoshukela ekudleni kwethu
• Ukunqunywa kwenani lansuku zonke
• Ukukhuphuka Kweshukela Okungeziwe
• Umlando weShukela
• Hhayi ‘Amakhalori angenalutho’
• Ukunqunywa kwenani lansuku zonke
• Ukukhuphuka Kweshukela Okungeziwe
• Umlando weShukela
• Hhayi ‘Amakhalori angenalutho’
• Ukunqunywa kwenani lansuku zonke
• Ukukhuphuka Kweshukela Okungeziwe
• Umlando weShukela
• Hhayi ‘Amakhalori angenalutho’

Abaningi bethu badla i-dessert kathathu ngosuku-futhi asazi nokwazi.

Ushukela namanye ama-sweeteners yizithako eziyinhloko kwezinye zeziphuzo nokudla okuthandwa kakhulu eMelika. Futhi sebegxilile ekudleni kwaseMelika, uma kubhekwa ukuthi umMelika ojwayelekile udla cishe amathisipuni angama-20, noma amagremu angama-80, kashukela ngosuku. Izinto ezimnandi zingumthombo okuyo yonke indawo wama-calories ekudleni kwaseNtshonalanga. Kodwa-ke, manje ochwepheshe bathi, amaswidi angabahlanganyeli ezifweni ezinkulu.

Umzimba womuntu awuklanyelwanga ukucubungula la mazinga obumnandi, njengoba kubonakala ngokunyuka kwamaza ezifo ezihambisana nawo. Ngaphandle kwezimbotshana, ukusetshenziswa okweqile kwe-sweetener kuneqhaza ngqo ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nesifo sesibindi esinamafutha okungewona utshwala, okulindeleke ukuthi silandise ngezicelo eziningi zokufakelwa kwesibindi e-U.S.

Akuzona lezo zikhathi ezithile lapho ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bekhathazekile, kepha ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwansuku zonke kweningi labantu baseMelika. UDkt. Alan Greene, udokotela wezingane ohlala ebhodini le-Institute for Responsible Nutrition, uthi iziphuzo ezinoshukela, kanye namakhekhe, amakhukhi, no-ayisikhilimu, yibo abaphula umthetho kakhulu, kepha imithombo efihlekile kashukela owengeziwe nayo iyakhathaza . "Okwenzekayo ukuthi abaseMelika bathola uphudingi izikhathi eziningi ngosuku futhi abazi," utshele iHealthline.

Izinto ezinoshukela ekudleni kwethu

Ngenkathi kukhona amacala asobala kashukela owengeziwe, njenge-isipuni sikashukela ekhofi lakho noma isitsha se-cereal yengane yakho, kunezinye izindlela eziningi ezingezwe ubumnandi obunyonyobela ekudleni kwaseMelika. Ukuqala usuku lwakho ngokuthile okufana neyogathi enamafutha aphansi, ijusi yezithelo, okusanhlamvu, noma ibha yegranola kungazwakala njengokukhetha okuhle, kepha lokhu kudla okunempilo okunomsindo kungapakisha ushukela ofihliwe.

Ngokudla, izephulamthetho eziyinhloko zisobala: ama-syrups, uswidi, amakhekhe, amakhukhi, kanye nophudingi obisi njenge-ayisikhilimu. Ikhekhe elilodwa le-Hostess, abantu baseMelika abadla kulo abayizigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka, liqukethe amagremu angama-21 kashukela. Ama-Rolls ama-Little Debbie Swiss Cake aqukethe amagremu angama-27, afana nebha yeSnickers. I-M & Ms, uswidi othengiswa kakhulu e-United States, uqukethe amagremu angama-30 kashukela ngokudla ngakunye, ingasaphathwa eyamaphesenti angama-30 enani lansuku zonke lamafutha agcwele.

Ukunqunywa kwenani lansuku zonke

Ngenkathi konke lokhu kudla kuklelisa konke okuqukethwe ushukela kwilebula yabo yokudla okunempilo, kuyisithako esisodwa esingenalo inani lansuku zonke elichazwe kulo. Amaqembu afana ne-American Heart Association (AHA) neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ancoma ukuthi ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi okudla komuntu kuqhamuke kushukela owengeziwe. Okufanelekile, abesifazane abaningi akufanele badle ama-calories angaphezu kuka-100 kushukela ngosuku, noma amathisipuni angaba yisithupha. Kwabesilisa, lawo ngama-calories angu-150, noma amathisipuni ayisishiyagalolunye. Njengoba ithisipuni elilodwa liqukethe amagremu amane kashukela, inkomishi yamajusi amaningi wezohwebo - ngisho nalawo abhalwe ujusi wamaphesenti ayi-100 azokusiza usuku lonke.

NgoMeyi, i-FDA, ezofika ngoJulayi 2018 izofaka ushukela ophelele nongeziwe oboniswa njengenani lansuku zonke, isinyathelo esamenyezelwa ngochwepheshe bezokudla okunomsoco futhi sakhala yilabo abasembonini yeziphuzo. Kepha akuvamile ukuthi ushintsho kumthethonqubo luze ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva kulabo abazuza ngokuthengisa izinto ezimnandi.

Ngo-2002, i-WHO yakhipha i-TRS 196, umqulu owawuhlola izindlela ezihamba phambili zecebo layo lomhlaba wonke lokuthi ungazinciphisa kanjani izifo ezingathathelwani. Esinye isincomo kwakuwukunciphisa isilinganiso sokudla ushukela sibe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-10 wama-calories omuntu nsuku zonke. Lo mbiko uhlaselwe abakhiqizi boshukela ngokwalokho okucatshangwa yisayensi nokucabanga kwabo, kwaqubula enye futhi impi phakathi kososayensi bezempilo kanye nemboni yezokudla.

Amaqembu afana ne-Sugar Association, i-Corn Refiners ’Association, i-International Dairy Foods Association, i-National Corn Growers’ Association, ne-Snack Food Association babhala izincwadi bephikisana nalesi sincomo ngezizathu zokuthi abukho ubufakazi obenele bokuxhasa lezi zimangalo. "Basho ukuthi akukho kudla okungalungile, kuphela ukudla okungalungile, futhi lokhu kudalwe ukuzikhethela komuntu," kusho isazi sokudla saseNorway uKaare R. Norum, uprofesa wase-University of Olso, ebhala ngokukhishwa komkhakha embonini.

Imboni kashukela ize yabuza uTommy Thompson, ngaleso sikhathi-U.S. UNobhala Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, ukubamba ingxenye yokukhokha yase-U.S ku-WHO uma umbiko ushicilelwe. Lesi sinyathelo saqhathaniswa nokuhlukumeza futhi sabhekwa njengesimbi ukwedlula noma yiliphi iqhinga elisetshenziswa imboni kagwayi.

Ishicilelwe futhi akukho mali ebanjwayo.

Ukukhuphuka Kweshukela Okungeziwe

Ushukela usuphenduke umgomo wakamuva wokudla okunomsoco, njenge-cholesterol kanye namafutha agcwele futhi adluliswayo ngaphambi kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokudla, izakhamzimba ezibalulekile kanye nefayibha kuyasuswa ngenkathi ushukela wengezwa ukwenza kube mnandi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva oluvele kwiBritish Medical Journal luthole ukuthi ukudla okwenziwe ngama-ultra-okunezithako zokwenziwa kakhulu kwakha cishe amaphesenti ama-58 wamakhalori asetshenzisiwe, amaphesenti angama-90 awo afakwa ushukela. Sekukonke, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-82 wabantu abayi-9,317 abahloliwe badlule amaphesenti ayi-10 anconyiwe kashukela.

Ushukela, ngokwawo, akusiye uDeveli ekhabetheni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngokweqile kunezazi eziningi ezikhathazekile ngempilo yesizwe sethu.Omunye wabagxeki abakhulu balolu daba nguDkt.Robert Lustig, isazi sokusebenza kwezingane endocrinologist e-University of California, eSan Francisco, kanye nomsunguli we-Institute for Responsible Nutrition. Akanamahloni okubiza ukuba khona kukashukela ekudleni kwaseMelika ngobuthi noma ubuthi.

"Sidinga ushintsho ekunikezelweni kokudla," kusho uLustig etshela abeHealthline. “Asidingi ushukela ukuze siphile. Akekho owenzayo. ”

Umlando weShukela

Ushukela ube yingxenye yokudla komuntu amakhulu eminyaka. Lapho eke wabhekwa njengokunethezeka, uChristopher Columbus waze weza nezitshalo “ezimhlophe zegolide” ohambweni lwakhe lwango-1492 oluya eNyakatho Melika, futhi isivuno somoba sakhula kahle. Ngama-1800s, umMelika ojwayelekile wayedla amakhilogremu amane kashukela ngonyaka. Kuseyisitshalo esikhulu semali emhlabeni jikelele futhi okuyingxenye cishe yawo wonke amasiko emhlabeni.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngoshukela, asikhulumi nje ngoshukela wasetafuleni owenziwe ngomoba namabhontshisi, kodwa futhi nalawo enziwe ngommbila, njengesiraphu yommbila nesiraphu yommbila ephezulu ye-fructose. Sekukonke, ushukela waziwa ngamagama angama-56, noma yimaphi awo angavela kumalebula okudla. Faka zonke lezo ziteketiso ngaphansi kwesambulela samakhemikhali e-caloric futhi kwathi ngo-1999, abaseMelika babedla amakhilogremu ayi-155 ama-caloric sweeteners ngonyaka, noma amathisipuni angama-52 ngosuku, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo wase-U.S.

Manje ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile konyaka kwaseMelika cishe kungamakhilogremu angama-105 ngonyaka, okuwuphawu lokuthi isimo sengqondo sabathengi ngezinto ezimhlophe sesiqale ukuguquka.

“Ngomqondo othile, ushukela uyisithako sokuqala sokudla. Kuvela kwezinye izindawo ezingalindelekile, njenge-pizza, isinkwa, izinja ezishisayo, ilayisi elixubekile ebhokisini, isobho, ama-crackers, isosi yespaghetti, inyama yasemini, imifino ekheniwe, iziphuzo zezithelo, i-yogurt enongwe, i-ketchup, isaladi yokugqoka, imayonnaise, namantongomane athile ibhotela, ”kusho umbiko we-2000 USDA.

Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2009, amaphesenti angama-77 awo wonke amakhalori athengwa e-U.S. Aqukethe okokunandisa kwe-caloric, ngokusho kowezi-2012 wase-University of North Carolina eChapel Hill. Kutholakale ezindaweni eziningi ongazilindela-ukudla okulula okunoshukela, ophaya, amakhukhi, amakhekhe, neziphuzo ezinoshukela-kodwa nasezitsheni ezilungele ukudliwa kanye ne-granola, amaprotheni, nemigoqo yamandla, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla . Isiraphu yommbila yiyona iswidi esetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yokudla yase-U.S., Ilandelwa ngamabele, ushukela womoba, isiraphu yommbila ephezulu-fructose, kanye ne-juice juice yezithelo.

"Zisekudleni okucutshunguliwe njenge-yogurt, njenge-barbecue sauce, i-ketchup, i-hamburger buns, inyama ye-hamburger," kusho uLustig. "Cishe yonke into esitolo sonke igcwele ushukela owengeziwe, ngamabomu, yimboni yokudla, ngoba bayazi ukuthi uma bekufaka uthenga okuningi."

Hhayi ‘Amakhalori angenalutho’

Ngakho-ke yini engcono kuwe, ushukela noma okuswidi okususelwa emmbileni?

Lokho bekuyisisekelo secala eliphakathi kwemboni kashukela nabenzi besiraphu yommbila we-high-fructose. Bobabili bathi omunye ukhonjiswe kabi ngezikhangiso, kufaka phakathi izikhangiso zesiraphu zommbila ukuthi bonke ushukela bayafana futhi "Umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuwubona umehluko." Ngemuva kweminyaka ezinkantolo, leli cala lagcina liqulwa enkantolo eLos Angeles ngoNovemba odlule, kodwa ngoNovemba 20, la maqembu womabili amemezela ukuthi afinyelele esivumelwaneni esiyimfihlo. I-FDA, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ushukela, noma ngabe uvela kummbila, ama-beet noma umoba, ngokufanayo kuyafana futhi kuncoma wonke umuntu ukuthi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwawo wonke.

Izinto ezimnandi kakhulu zingaholela ezifweni. Kancane kakhulu? Hhayi, ayikho into enjalo.

Ushukela owenzeka ngokwemvelo, njengalowo osezithelweni noma emikhiqizweni yobisi, unikeza ochwepheshe ukukhathazeka okuncane ngoba nakho kuletha i-fiber, amaminerali, nezinye izakhi. U-Greene uthi yize kungenzeki ukubona umuntu edla ama-aphula ayisihlanu elandelana, akuvamile ukubona umuntu edla izinga elifanayo likashukela, uma kungenjalo, ngenkathi edla amakhukhi noma ephuza i-soda.

"Uhlelo lukhonjwe ngalezi zigaba ebingalungiselwanga ukuzisingatha," esho.

Ushukela ocwengekile namanye ama-sweeteners-kufaka phakathi isiraphu yommbila ye-high-fructose kanye nabanye oshukela abengeziwe nge-suffix -ose-offer calories kuphela futhi akunanani lokudla okunempilo. Okubhalwe ukuthi "ama-calories angenalutho," ochwepheshe bathi ama-calories ashukela awanalutho futhi enza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu kunakuqala. Kungukudla okungenamandla okunomsoco onamandla, okusho ukuthi kunika amandla amaningi kepha akukho okunye okudingwa ngumzimba. Futhi uma ungawashisi lawo mandla, umzimba wakho uwuphendula ube ngamafutha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu uma kuza kufomu eliwuketshezi ngoba umzimba awuzizwa ugcwele, sengathi udliwe ngendlela eqinile.

Umbuzo uthi kungani kunoshukela omningi kukho konke ukudla, nakuzo zonke izindlela zokupheka, nakuzo zonke izidlo ezisetshenzisiwe? ” Kusho uLustig. “Impendulo yingoba ushukela uyathengisa. Futhi ngiyazi ukuthi iyathengisa, kodwa ngeshwa, njengoba sifundile, akukuhle kuwe. "

Bona ukuthi kungani sekuyisikhathi sokuthi #BreakUpWithSugar

Isibonelo, isitsha esine-ounce esingu-6 se-Dannon All Natural Plain Lowfat Yogurt siqukethe amagremu ayi-12 kashukela. Ingilazi engu-8-ounce yejusi ye-orange Tropicana Pure Premium iqukethe amagremu angama-22 kashukela.

Iphakethe lamabha amabili le-Nature Valley Oats ‘n’ Honey Granola Bar linamagremu ayi-11 kashukela. (Uju luyisiphuzi sesibili esisohlwini ngemuva kukashukela. Amabha aqukethe nesiraphu eshukela ensundu.) Ngenkathi ilebula lithi “okwemvelo,” “okumsulwa,” kanye “nemvelo,” amagama athi i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) awalawuli , konke lokhu kubalwa njengemithombo kashukela owengeziwe.

Kodwa isidlo sasekuseni siyisiqalo nje.

Sekukonke, ukudla okuphelele kwekhalori kuvela kushukela ongeziwe. Okwesithathu kuvela kuziphuzo ezinoshukela, kufaka phakathi iziphuzo ezibandayo, iziphuzo zemidlalo, neziphuzo zezithelo. Ibhodlela elilodwa lama-20-ounce eCoca-Cola, isoda ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, liqukethe amagremu angama-65 kashukela. Usayizi ofanayo wePepsi unamagremu angama-69, kanti okuhlukahlukene "koshukela wangempela" kunama-66 amagremu. I-20-ounce Gatorade inamagremu angama-34 kashukela. Kepha iziphuzo ezinoshukela ezibhalwe ijusi zivame ukuba noshukela omningi nge-ounce elilodwa kunama-sodas amaningi emakethe. Isibonelo, i-11.5 ounce can ye-Minute Maid Cranberry Apple Cocktail- “eyenziwe ngejusi yezithelo yoqobo” -inama-gramu ayi-58 kashukela, kanti ikani elingu-12-ounce lePepsi linamagremu angama-41.

Ngokudla, izephulamthetho eziyinhloko zisobala: ama-syrups, uswidi, amakhekhe, amakhukhi, kanye nophudingi obisi njenge-ayisikhilimu. Ikhekhe elilodwa le-Hostess, abantu baseMelika abadla kulo abayizigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka, liqukethe amagremu angama-21 kashukela. Ama-Rolls ama-Little Debbie Swiss Cake aqukethe amagremu angama-27, afana nebha yeSnickers. I-M & Ms, uswidi othengiswa kakhulu e-United States, uqukethe amagremu angama-30 kashukela ngokudla ngakunye, ingasaphathwa eyamaphesenti angama-30 enani lansuku zonke lamafutha agcwele.

Ukunqunywa kwenani lansuku zonke

Ngenkathi konke lokhu kudla kuklelisa konke okuqukethwe ushukela kwilebula yabo yokudla okunempilo, kuyisithako esisodwa esingenalo inani lansuku zonke elichazwe kulo. Amaqembu afana ne-American Heart Association (AHA) neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ancoma ukuthi ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi okudla komuntu kuqhamuke kushukela owengeziwe. Okufanelekile, abesifazane abaningi akufanele badle ama-calories angaphezu kuka-100 kushukela ngosuku, noma amathisipuni angaba yisithupha. Kwabesilisa, lawo ngama-calories angu-150, noma amathisipuni ayisishiyagalolunye. Njengoba ithisipuni elilodwa liqukethe amagremu amane kashukela, inkomishi yamajusi amaningi wezohwebo - ngisho nalawo abhalwe ujusi wamaphesenti ayi-100 azokusiza usuku lonke.

NgoMeyi, i-FDA, ezofika ngoJulayi 2018 izofaka ushukela ophelele nongeziwe oboniswa njengenani lansuku zonke, isinyathelo esamenyezelwa ngochwepheshe bezokudla okunomsoco futhi sakhala yilabo abasembonini yeziphuzo. Kepha akuvamile ukuthi ushintsho kumthethonqubo luze ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva kulabo abazuza ngokuthengisa izinto ezimnandi.

Ngo-2002, i-WHO yakhipha i-TRS 196, umqulu owawuhlola izindlela ezihamba phambili zecebo layo lomhlaba wonke lokuthi ungazinciphisa kanjani izifo ezingathathelwani. Esinye isincomo kwakuwukunciphisa isilinganiso sokudla ushukela sibe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-10 wama-calories omuntu nsuku zonke. Lo mbiko uhlaselwe abakhiqizi boshukela ngokwalokho okucatshangwa yisayensi nokucabanga kwabo, kwaqubula enye futhi impi phakathi kososayensi bezempilo kanye nemboni yezokudla.

Amaqembu afana ne-Sugar Association, i-Corn Refiners ’Association, i-International Dairy Foods Association, i-National Corn Growers’ Association, ne-Snack Food Association babhala izincwadi bephikisana nalesi sincomo ngezizathu zokuthi abukho ubufakazi obenele bokuxhasa lezi zimangalo. "Basho ukuthi akukho kudla okungalungile, kuphela ukudla okungalungile, futhi lokhu kudalwe ukuzikhethela komuntu," kusho isazi sokudla saseNorway uKaare R. Norum, uprofesa wase-University of Olso, ebhala ngokukhishwa komkhakha embonini.

Imboni kashukela ize yabuza uTommy Thompson, ngaleso sikhathi-U.S. UNobhala Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, ukubamba ingxenye yokukhokha yase-U.S ku-WHO uma umbiko ushicilelwe. Lesi sinyathelo saqhathaniswa nokuhlukumeza futhi sabhekwa njengesimbi ukwedlula noma yiliphi iqhinga elisetshenziswa imboni kagwayi.

Ishicilelwe futhi akukho mali ebanjwayo.

Ukukhuphuka Kweshukela Okungeziwe

Ushukela usuphenduke umgomo wakamuva wokudla okunomsoco, njenge-cholesterol kanye namafutha agcwele futhi adluliswayo ngaphambi kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokudla, izakhamzimba ezibalulekile kanye nefayibha kuyasuswa ngenkathi ushukela wengezwa ukwenza kube mnandi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva oluvele kwiBritish Medical Journal luthole ukuthi ukudla okwenziwe ngama-ultra-okunezithako zokwenziwa kakhulu kwakha cishe amaphesenti ama-58 wamakhalori asetshenzisiwe, amaphesenti angama-90 awo afakwa ushukela. Sekukonke, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-82 wabantu abayi-9,317 abahloliwe badlule amaphesenti ayi-10 anconyiwe kashukela.

Ushukela, ngokwawo, akusiye uDeveli ekhabetheni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngokweqile kunezazi eziningi ezikhathazekile ngempilo yesizwe sethu. Omunye wabagxeki abakhulu balolu daba nguDkt.Robert Lustig, isazi sokusebenza kwezingane endocrinologist e-University of California, eSan Francisco, kanye nomsunguli we-Institute for Responsible Nutrition. Akanamahloni okubiza ukuba khona kukashukela ekudleni kwaseMelika ngobuthi noma ubuthi.

"Sidinga ushintsho ekunikezelweni kokudla," kusho uLustig etshela abeHealthline. “Asidingi ushukela ukuze siphile. Akekho owenzayo. ”

Umlando weShukela

Ushukela ube yingxenye yokudla komuntu amakhulu eminyaka. Lapho eke wabhekwa njengokunethezeka, uChristopher Columbus waze weza nezitshalo “ezimhlophe zegolide” ohambweni lwakhe lwango-1492 oluya eNyakatho Melika, futhi isivuno somoba sakhula kahle. Ngama-1800s, umMelika ojwayelekile wayedla amakhilogremu amane kashukela ngonyaka. Kuseyisitshalo esikhulu semali emhlabeni jikelele futhi okuyingxenye cishe yawo wonke amasiko emhlabeni.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngoshukela, asikhulumi nje ngoshukela wasetafuleni owenziwe ngomoba namabhontshisi, kodwa futhi nalawo enziwe ngommbila, njengesiraphu yommbila nesiraphu yommbila ephezulu ye-fructose. Sekukonke, ushukela waziwa ngamagama angama-56, noma yimaphi awo angavela kumalebula okudla. Faka zonke lezo ziteketiso ngaphansi kwesambulela samakhemikhali e-caloric futhi kwathi ngo-1999, abaseMelika babedla amakhilogremu ayi-155 ama-caloric sweeteners ngonyaka, noma amathisipuni angama-52 ngosuku, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo wase-U.S.

Manje ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwaminyaka yonke kwaseMelika kungamakhilogremu angama-105 ngonyaka, okuwuphawu lokuthi isimo sengqondo sabathengi ngezinto ezimhlophe sesiqale ukuguquka.

“Ngomqondo othile, ushukela uyisithako sokuqala sokudla. Kuvela kwezinye izindawo ezingalindelekile, njenge-pizza, isinkwa, izinja ezishisayo, irayisi elixutshiwe elibhokisi ibhotela, ”kusho umbiko we-2000 USDA.

Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2009, amaphesenti angama-77 awo wonke amakhalori athengwa e-U.S. Aqukethe okokunandisa kwe-caloric, ngokusho kowezi-2012 wase-University of North Carolina eChapel Hill. Kutholakale ezindaweni eziningi ongazilindela-ukudla okulula okunoshukela, ophaya, amakhekhe, amakhekhe, neziphuzo ezinoshukela-kodwa nasezitsheni ezilungele ukudliwa kanye ne-granola, amaprotheni, nemigoqo yamandla, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla . Isiraphu yommbila yiyona iswidi esetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yokudla yase-U.S., Ilandelwa ngamabele, ushukela womoba, isiraphu yommbila ephezulu-fructose, kanye ne-juice juice yezithelo.

"Zisekudleni okucutshunguliwe njenge-yogurt, njenge-barbecue sauce, i-ketchup, i-hamburger buns, inyama ye-hamburger," kusho uLustig."Cishe yonke into esitolo sonke igcwele ushukela owengeziwe, ngamabomu, yimboni yokudla, ngoba bayazi ukuthi uma bekufaka uthenga okuningi."

Hhayi ‘Amakhalori angenalutho’

Ngakho-ke yini engcono kuwe, ushukela noma okuswidi okususelwa emmbileni?

Lokho bekuyisisekelo secala eliphakathi kwemboni kashukela nabenzi besiraphu yommbila we-high-fructose. Bobabili bathi omunye ukhonjiswe kabi ngezikhangiso, kufaka phakathi izikhangiso zesiraphu zommbila ukuthi bonke ushukela bayafana futhi "Umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuwubona umehluko." Ngemuva kweminyaka ezinkantolo, leli cala lagcina liqulwa enkantolo eLos Angeles ngoNovemba odlule, kodwa ngoNovemba 20, la maqembu womabili amemezela ukuthi afinyelele esivumelwaneni esiyimfihlo. I-FDA, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ushukela, noma ngabe uvela kummbila, ama-beet noma umoba, ngokufanayo kuyafana futhi kuncoma wonke umuntu ukuthi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwawo wonke.

Izinto ezimnandi kakhulu zingaholela ezifweni. Kancane kakhulu? Hhayi, ayikho into enjalo.

Ushukela owenzeka ngokwemvelo, njengalowo osezithelweni noma emikhiqizweni yobisi, unikeza ochwepheshe ukukhathazeka okuncane ngoba nakho kuletha i-fiber, amaminerali, nezinye izakhi. U-Greene uthi yize kungenzeki ukubona umuntu edla ama-aphula ayisihlanu elandelana, akuvamile ukubona umuntu edla izinga elifanayo likashukela, uma kungenjalo, ngenkathi edla amakhukhi noma ephuza i-soda.

"Uhlelo lukhonjwe ngalezi zigaba ebingalungiselwanga ukuzisingatha," esho.

Ushukela ocwengekile namanye ama-sweeteners-kufaka phakathi isiraphu yommbila ye-high-fructose kanye nabanye oshukela abengeziwe nge-suffix -ose-offer calories kuphela futhi akunanani lokudla okunempilo. Okubhalwe ukuthi "ama-calories angenalutho," ochwepheshe bathi ama-calories ashukela awanalutho futhi enza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu kunakuqala. Kungukudla okungenamandla okunomsoco onamandla, okusho ukuthi kunika amandla amaningi kepha akukho okunye okudingwa ngumzimba. Futhi uma ungawashisi lawo mandla, umzimba wakho uwuphendula ube ngamafutha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu uma kuza kufomu eliwuketshezi ngoba umzimba awuzizwa ugcwele, sengathi udliwe ngendlela eqinile.

Umbuzo uthi kungani kunoshukela omningi kukho konke ukudla, nakuzo zonke izindlela zokupheka, nakuzo zonke izidlo ezisetshenzisiwe? ” Kusho uLustig. “Impendulo yingoba ushukela uyathengisa. Futhi ngiyazi ukuthi iyathengisa, kodwa ngeshwa, njengoba sifundile, akukuhle kuwe. "

Bona ukuthi kungani sekuyisikhathi sokuthi #BreakUpWithSugar

Isibonelo, isitsha esine-ounce esingu-6 se-Dannon All Natural Plain Lowfat Yogurt siqukethe amagremu ayi-12 kashukela. Ingilazi engu-8-ounce yejusi ye-orange Tropicana Pure Premium iqukethe amagremu angama-22 kashukela.

Iphakethe lamabha amabili le-Nature Valley Oats ‘n’ Honey Granola Bar linamagremu ayi-11 kashukela. (Uju luyisiphuzi sesibili esisohlwini ngemuva kukashukela. Amabha aqukethe nesiraphu eshukela ensundu.) Ngenkathi ilebula lithi “okwemvelo,” “okumsulwa,” kanye “nemvelo,” amagama athi i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) awalawuli , konke lokhu kubalwa njengemithombo kashukela owengeziwe.

Kodwa isidlo sasekuseni siyisiqalo nje.

Sekukonke, ukudla okuphelele kwekhalori kuvela kushukela ongeziwe. Okwesithathu kuvela kuziphuzo ezinoshukela, kufaka phakathi iziphuzo ezibandayo, iziphuzo zemidlalo, neziphuzo zezithelo. Ibhodlela elilodwa lama-20-ounce eCoca-Cola, isoda ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, liqukethe amagremu angama-65 kashukela. Usayizi ofanayo wePepsi unamagremu angama-69, kanti okuhlukahlukene "koshukela wangempela" kunama-66 amagremu. I-20-ounce Gatorade inamagremu angama-34 kashukela. Kepha iziphuzo ezinoshukela ezibhalwe ijusi zivame ukuba noshukela omningi nge-ounce elilodwa kunama-sodas amaningi emakethe. Isibonelo, i-11.5 ounce can ye-Minute Maid Cranberry Apple Cocktail- “eyenziwe ngejusi yezithelo yoqobo” -inama-gramu ayi-58 kashukela, kanti ikani elingu-12-ounce lePepsi linamagremu angama-41.

Ngokudla, izephulamthetho eziyinhloko zisobala: ama-syrups, uswidi, amakhekhe, amakhukhi, kanye nophudingi obisi njenge-ayisikhilimu. Ikhekhe elilodwa le-Hostess, abantu baseMelika abadla kulo abayizigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka, liqukethe amagremu angama-21 kashukela. Ama-Rolls ama-Little Debbie Swiss Cake aqukethe amagremu angama-27, afana nebha yeSnickers. I-M & Ms, uswidi othengiswa kakhulu e-United States, uqukethe amagremu angama-30 kashukela ngokudla ngakunye, ingasaphathwa eyamaphesenti angama-30 enani lansuku zonke lamafutha agcwele.

Ukunqunywa kwenani lansuku zonke

Ngenkathi konke lokhu kudla kuklelisa konke okuqukethwe ushukela kwilebula yabo yokudla okunempilo, kuyisithako esisodwa esingenalo inani lansuku zonke elichazwe kulo. Amaqembu afana ne-American Heart Association (AHA) neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ancoma ukuthi ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi okudla komuntu kuqhamuke kushukela owengeziwe. Okufanelekile, abesifazane abaningi akufanele badle ama-calories angaphezu kuka-100 kushukela ngosuku, noma amathisipuni angaba yisithupha. Kwabesilisa, lawo ngama-calories angu-150, noma amathisipuni ayisishiyagalolunye. Njengoba ithisipuni elilodwa liqukethe amagremu amane kashukela, inkomishi yamajusi amaningi wezohwebo - ngisho nalawo abhalwe ujusi wamaphesenti ayi-100 azokusiza usuku lonke.

NgoMeyi, i-FDA, ezofika ngoJulayi 2018 izofaka ushukela ophelele nongeziwe oboniswa njengenani lansuku zonke, isinyathelo esamenyezelwa ngochwepheshe bezokudla okunomsoco futhi sakhala yilabo abasembonini yeziphuzo. Kepha akuvamile ukuthi ushintsho kumthethonqubo luze ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva kulabo abazuza ngokuthengisa izinto ezimnandi.

Ngo-2002, i-WHO yakhipha i-TRS 196, umqulu owawuhlola izindlela ezihamba phambili zecebo layo lomhlaba wonke lokuthi ungazinciphisa kanjani izifo ezingathathelwani. Esinye isincomo kwakuwukunciphisa isilinganiso sokudla ushukela sibe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-10 wama-calories omuntu nsuku zonke. Lo mbiko uhlaselwe abakhiqizi boshukela ngokwalokho okucatshangwa yisayensi nokucabanga kwabo, kwaqubula enye futhi impi phakathi kososayensi bezempilo kanye nemboni yezokudla.

Amaqembu afana ne-Sugar Association, i-Corn Refiners ’Association, i-International Dairy Foods Association, i-National Corn Growers’ Association, ne-Snack Food Association babhala izincwadi bephikisana nalesi sincomo ngezizathu zokuthi abukho ubufakazi obenele bokuxhasa lezi zimangalo. "Basho ukuthi akukho kudla okungalungile, kuphela ukudla okungalungile, futhi lokhu kudalwe ukuzikhethela komuntu," kusho isazi sokudla saseNorway uKaare R. Norum, uprofesa wase-University of Olso, ebhala ngokukhishwa komkhakha embonini.

Imboni kashukela ize yabuza uTommy Thompson, ngaleso sikhathi-U.S. UNobhala Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, ukubamba ingxenye yokukhokha yase-U.S ku-WHO uma umbiko ushicilelwe. Lesi sinyathelo saqhathaniswa nokuhlukumeza futhi sabhekwa njengesimbi ukwedlula noma yiliphi iqhinga elisetshenziswa imboni kagwayi.

Ishicilelwe futhi akukho mali ebanjwayo.

Ukukhuphuka Kweshukela Okungeziwe

Ushukela usuphenduke umgomo wakamuva wokudla okunomsoco, njenge-cholesterol kanye namafutha agcwele futhi adluliswayo ngaphambi kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kokudla, izakhamzimba ezibalulekile kanye nefayibha kuyasuswa ngenkathi ushukela wengezwa ukwenza kube mnandi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva oluvele kwiBritish Medical Journal luthole ukuthi ukudla okwenziwe ngama-ultra-okunezithako zokwenziwa kakhulu kwakha cishe amaphesenti ama-58 wamakhalori asetshenzisiwe, amaphesenti angama-90 awo afakwa ushukela. Sekukonke, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-82 wabantu abayi-9,317 abahloliwe badlule amaphesenti ayi-10 anconyiwe kashukela.

Ushukela, ngokwawo, akusiye uDeveli ekhabetheni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngokweqile kunezazi eziningi ezikhathazekile ngempilo yesizwe sethu. Omunye wabagxeki abakhulu balolu daba nguDkt.Robert Lustig, isazi sokusebenza kwezingane endocrinologist e-University of California, eSan Francisco, kanye nomsunguli we-Institute for Responsible Nutrition. Akanamahloni okubiza ukuba khona kukashukela ekudleni kwaseMelika ngobuthi noma ubuthi.

"Sidinga ushintsho ekunikezelweni kokudla," kusho uLustig etshela abeHealthline. “Asidingi ushukela ukuze siphile. Akekho owenzayo. ”

Umlando weShukela

Ushukela ube yingxenye yokudla komuntu amakhulu eminyaka. Lapho eke wabhekwa njengokunethezeka, uChristopher Columbus waze weza nezitshalo “ezimhlophe zegolide” ohambweni lwakhe lwango-1492 oluya eNyakatho Melika, futhi isivuno somoba sakhula kahle. Ngama-1800s, umMelika ojwayelekile wayedla amakhilogremu amane kashukela ngonyaka. Kuseyisitshalo esikhulu semali emhlabeni jikelele futhi okuyingxenye cishe yawo wonke amasiko emhlabeni.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngoshukela, asikhulumi nje ngoshukela wasetafuleni owenziwe ngomoba namabhontshisi, kodwa futhi nalawo enziwe ngommbila, njengesiraphu yommbila nesiraphu yommbila ephezulu ye-fructose. Sekukonke, ushukela waziwa ngamagama angama-56, noma yimaphi awo angavela kumalebula okudla. Faka zonke lezo ziteketiso ngaphansi kwesambulela samakhemikhali e-caloric futhi kwathi ngo-1999, abaseMelika babedla amakhilogremu ayi-155 ama-caloric sweeteners ngonyaka, noma amathisipuni angama-52 ngosuku, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo wase-U.S.

Manje ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwaminyaka yonke kwaseMelika kungamakhilogremu angama-105 ngonyaka, okuwuphawu lokuthi isimo sengqondo sabathengi ngezinto ezimhlophe sesiqale ukuguquka.

“Ngomqondo othile, ushukela uyisithako sokuqala sokudla. Kuvela kwezinye izindawo ezingalindelekile, njenge-pizza, isinkwa, izinja ezishisayo, irayisi elixutshiwe elibhokisi ibhotela, ”kusho umbiko we-2000 USDA.

Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2009, amaphesenti angama-77 awo wonke amakhalori athengwa e-U.S. Aqukethe okokunandisa kwe-caloric, ngokusho kowezi-2012 wase-University of North Carolina eChapel Hill. Kutholakale ezindaweni eziningi ongazilindela-ukudla okulula okunoshukela, ophaya, amakhekhe, amakhekhe, neziphuzo ezinoshukela-kodwa nasezitsheni ezilungele ukudliwa kanye ne-granola, amaprotheni, nemigoqo yamandla, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla . Isiraphu yommbila yiyona iswidi esetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yokudla yase-U.S., Ilandelwa ngamabele, ushukela womoba, isiraphu yommbila ephezulu-fructose, kanye ne-juice juice yezithelo.

"Zisekudleni okucutshunguliwe njenge-yogurt, njenge-barbecue sauce, i-ketchup, i-hamburger buns, inyama ye-hamburger," kusho uLustig. "Cishe yonke into esitolo sonke igcwele ushukela owengeziwe, ngamabomu, yimboni yokudla, ngoba bayazi ukuthi uma bekufaka uthenga okuningi."

Hhayi ‘Amakhalori angenalutho’

Ngakho-ke yini engcono kuwe, ushukela noma okuswidi okususelwa emmbileni?

Lokho bekuyisisekelo secala eliphakathi kwemboni kashukela nabenzi besiraphu yommbila we-high-fructose. Bobabili bathi omunye ukhonjiswe kabi ngezikhangiso, kufaka phakathi izikhangiso zesiraphu zommbila ukuthi bonke ushukela bayafana futhi "Umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuwubona umehluko." Ngemuva kweminyaka ezinkantolo, leli cala lagcina liqulwa enkantolo eLos Angeles ngoNovemba odlule, kodwa ngoNovemba 20, la maqembu womabili amemezela ukuthi afinyelele esivumelwaneni esiyimfihlo. I-FDA, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ushukela, noma ngabe uvela kummbila, ama-beet noma umoba, ngokufanayo kuyafana futhi kuncoma wonke umuntu ukuthi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwawo wonke.

Izinto ezimnandi kakhulu zingaholela ezifweni. Kancane kakhulu? Hhayi, ayikho into enjalo.

Ushukela owenzeka ngokwemvelo, njengalowo osezithelweni noma emikhiqizweni yobisi, unikeza ochwepheshe ukukhathazeka okuncane ngoba nakho kuletha i-fiber, amaminerali, nezinye izakhi. U-Greene uthi yize kungenzeki ukubona umuntu edla ama-aphula ayisihlanu elandelana, akuvamile ukubona umuntu edla izinga elifanayo likashukela, uma kungenjalo, ngenkathi edla amakhukhi noma ephuza i-soda.

"Uhlelo lukhonjwe ngalezi zigaba ebingalungiselwanga ukuzisingatha," esho.

Ushukela ocwengekile namanye ama-sweeteners-kufaka phakathi isiraphu yommbila ye-high-fructose kanye nabanye oshukela abengeziwe nge-suffix -ose-offer calories kuphela futhi akunanani lokudla okunempilo. Okubhalwe ukuthi "ama-calories angenalutho," ochwepheshe bathi ama-calories ashukela awanalutho futhi enza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu kunakuqala. Kungukudla okungenamandla okunomsoco onamandla, okusho ukuthi kunika amandla amaningi kepha akukho okunye okudingwa ngumzimba. Futhi uma ungawashisi lawo mandla, umzimba wakho uwuphendula ube ngamafutha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu uma kuza kufomu eliwuketshezi ngoba umzimba awuzizwa ugcwele, sengathi udliwe ngendlela eqinile.

Umbuzo uthi kungani kunoshukela omningi kukho konke ukudla, nakuzo zonke izindlela zokupheka, nakuzo zonke izidlo ezisetshenzisiwe? ” Kusho uLustig. “Impendulo yingoba ushukela uyathengisa. Futhi ngiyazi ukuthi iyathengisa, kodwa ngeshwa, njengoba sifundile, akukuhle kuwe. "

Bona ukuthi kungani sekuyisikhathi sokuthi #BreakUpWithSugar