Yini i-Amnesia, izinhlobo nokwelashwa ukuthola imemori

-Delile

• Yini ebangela i-amnesia
• Ukwelashwa kwe-amnesia
• I-Amnesia inekhambi?

I-Amnesia ukulahleka kwememori yakamuva noma yakudala, engenzeka iphelele noma ingxenye yayo. I-Amnesia ingahlala imizuzu noma amahora ambalwa futhi inyamalale ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwememori unomphela.

Izinhlobo ezikhona ze-amnesia yilezi:

• Phindaphinda i-amnesia: Uma ukulimala ekhanda kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwememori ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlukumezeka;
• I-Anterograde amnesia: Kulahleka kwememori ngezehlakalo zakamuva, okwenza isiguli sikwazi ukukhumbula imicimbi yakudala kuphela;
• I-post-traumatic amnesia: Lapho ukulimala ekhanda kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwenkumbulo yezehlakalo ezenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka.

Izidakwa kanye nabantu abangondlekile kahle bangaba nohlobo lokungajwayelekile lwe-amnesia, ngenxa yokushoda kwevithamini B1, eyaziwa njenge UWernicke-Korsakoff, okuyinhlanganisela yesimo sokudideka okukhulu kwengqondo kanye ne-amnesia ethatha isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuvame ukukhombisa ukungahambi kahle, ukukhubazeka kokunyakaza kwamehlo, ukubona kabili, ukudideka kwengqondo nokuzela. Ukulahleka kwememori kulezi zimo kubucayi.

Yini ebangela i-amnesia

Izimbangela ezinkulu ze-amnesia yilezi:

• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda;
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile, njenge-amphotericin B noma i-lithium;
• Ukushoda kwamavithamini, ikakhulukazi i-thiamine;
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile;
• I-hepatic encephalitis;
• Unhlangothi;
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho;
• Ukudlikizela;
• Isigaxa sobuchopho;
• Isifo i-Alzheimer nezinye izifo zomqondo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokudla zokuthuthukisa inkumbulo, ezichazwa ososayensi njengezilungele ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kobuchopho nokuvuselela ukusebenza kobuchopho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-amnesia

Ukwelashwa kwe-amnesia kuzoya ngesizathu nobukhali baso. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo nokuvuselelwa kwengqondo kuqondiswa ukuze isiguli sifunde ukubhekana nokulahleka kwememori futhi sikhuthaze ezinye izinhlobo zememori ukukhokhela lokho okulahlekile.

Ukwelashwa kuhlose nokwenza isiguli ukuthi sithuthukise amasu okuphila nokulahleka kwememori, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokulahlekelwa unomphela.

I-Amnesia inekhambi?

I-Amnesia iyelapheka ezimweni zokulahleka kwesikhashana noma okuyingxenye, lapho bekungekho ukulimala okungapheli kobuchopho, kepha ezimweni zokulimala kanzima kobuchopho, ukulahleka kwememori kungaba unomphela.

Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, ukwelashwa ngokwengqondo kanye nokuvuselelwa kokuqonda kungenziwa, lapho isiguli sizofunda izindlela zokuphila neqiniso elisha futhi sithuthukise amasu okuvuselela inkumbulo esele, senze lokho okulahlekile.

I-Anterograde amnesia ingavinjelwa noma inciphiswe, ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela, njenge:

• Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela lapho ugibela ibhayisikili, isithuthuthu noma lapho udlala imidlalo eyeqisayo;
• Njalo bopha ibhande uma ushayela;
• Gwema ukuhlukunyezwa kweziphuzo ezidakayo nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Uma kunanoma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda, ukutheleleka kobuchopho, imivimbo noma imithambo yegazi, isiguli kufanele sidluliselwe ngokushesha emnyangweni ophuthumayo wesibhedlela ukuze kulashwe kahle ubuchopho.